1.pdf · R Barbucci , Integrated Biomaterials Science, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 2002 G...

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S. Kanagaraj [email protected] http://www.iitg.ernet.in/kanagaraj 31-12-2010

Transcript of 1.pdf · R Barbucci , Integrated Biomaterials Science, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 2002 G...

Page 1: 1.pdf · R Barbucci , Integrated Biomaterials Science, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 2002 G S Sawhney, Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering, New Age International private

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S. [email protected]

http://www.iitg.ernet.in/kanagaraj

31-12-2010

Page 2: 1.pdf · R Barbucci , Integrated Biomaterials Science, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 2002 G S Sawhney, Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering, New Age International private

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� Studies on nonviable materials used in a medical device intended to interact with biological systems where the materials are expected to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific application response in a specific application

� It is expected to give good exposure pertaining to the field of biomaterials and have broad understanding biomaterials research.

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Biologist

EngineerPhysician

Biomaterials

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Page 5: 1.pdf · R Barbucci , Integrated Biomaterials Science, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 2002 G S Sawhney, Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering, New Age International private

���������� �� Introduction

� Classes of materials used in medicine: � metals, polymers, FRPs, fabrics, nanocomposites, bioresorbable and bioerodable

materials, ceramics, glasses

� Host reactions to biomaterials: � biocompatibility, implant associated infection

� Testing of biomaterials:� Testing of biomaterials:� in vitro assessment, in vivo assessment, blood materials interactions

� Design of materials for biomedical application: � Cardiovascular, dental implants, orthopedic application, skin, ophthalmologic

applications, wound healing, sutures, biomedical and biosensors

� Implantation techniques for soft tissue and hard tissue replacements

� Problems and possible solutions in implant fixation

� Failure analysis of medical devices and implants.

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� Buddy D. Ratner, Allan S. Hoffman, Frederick J. Schoen, Jack E. Lemons. Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine, Academic Press, 2004, USA

� J.B. Park and J.D. Bronzino. Biomaterials: Principles and Applications. CRC Press. 2002. ISBN: 0849314917

� Reference Books� T. M. Wright, and S. B. Goodman. Implant Wear in Total Joint Replacement: Clinical and Biologic

Issues, Material and Design Considerations. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2001.Issues, Material and Design Considerations. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2001.� T.S. Hin (Ed.) Engineering Materials for Biomedical Applications. World Scientific. 2004. ISBN

981-256-061-0� B. Rolando (Ed.) Integrated Biomaterials Science. Springer. 2002. ISBN: 0-306-46678-3� D.Shi, Introduction to Biomaterials, Tsinghua University press, 2005� DL. Wise, DJ. Trantolo, K Lewandrowski, JD. Gresser, M Cattaneo, MJ Yaszemski, Biomaterials

Engineering and Devices , Humana Press, New Jercy, 2000 � JY Wong and JD Bronzion, Biomaterials, CRC press, 2007� R Barbucci , Integrated Biomaterials Science, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 2002� G S Sawhney, Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering, New Age International private Limited,

New Delhi, 2007

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� Attendance – 5%� Mini project – 15%� Mid semester- 30%

End semester-50%� End semester-50%

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� To select a material for a given use based on considerations of cost and performance.

� To understand the limits of materials and the change of their properties with use. change of their properties with use.

� To be able to create a new material that will have desirable properties.

� To be able to use the material for different application.

Page 9: 1.pdf · R Barbucci , Integrated Biomaterials Science, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 2002 G S Sawhney, Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering, New Age International private

����" ������ �������#����������������� ��$�%USA market for biomaterials (2000) $ 9000 million

Cardiovascular devices (2002) $ 6000 million

Orthopedic musculoskeletal surgery $ 4700 million

Wound care $ 3700 million

In vitro diagnosis $ 10 000 million

Number of devices

Intraocular lenses (2003) 2, 500, 000

Contact lenses (2000) 30, 000, 000

Vascular grafts 300,000

Heart valves 100,000

Pacemakers 400,000

Breast prosthesis 250, 000

Catheters 200, 000, 000

Heat-lungs 300, 000

Hip prosthesis (2002) 250, 000

Knee prosthesis (2002) 250, 000

Dental prosthesis (2000) 910, 000

Global figures are 2-3 times the USA number

Page 10: 1.pdf · R Barbucci , Integrated Biomaterials Science, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 2002 G S Sawhney, Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering, New Age International private

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��� �������� ��� ��� SWCNT

MWCNT

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Ramakrishna et al. (2001), Composite Science and Technology, 61, 1189

Various applications of different polymer composite biomaterials

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Page 13: 1.pdf · R Barbucci , Integrated Biomaterials Science, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 2002 G S Sawhney, Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering, New Age International private

Shoulder joints

Spine disc

Elbow

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Hip jointsKnee joints

Finger joints

Ankle

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Factors Description

Chemical/Biological characteristics

Physical characteristics

Mechanical characteristics

1st level material properties

-chemical composition (bulk and surface)

-density -Young’s modulus, Poisson's ratio, Yield strength, Tensile strength, Compressive strength

2nd level material properties

-Adhesion -Surface topology(Texture and

Roughness)

-Hardness, Shear modulus, Shear strength, Flexural modulus, Flexural strength

Specific functional requirements (based on application)

-Biofunctionality, Bioinert, Bioactive, Biostability, Biodegradation behaviour

-Form (solid, porous, coating, film, fibre, etc)-Geometry, Coefficient of thermal expansion-Electrical conductivity-Colour, aesthetics-Refractive index-Opacity

-Stiffness, Fracture toughness, Fatigue strength, Creep resistance, Friction and wear resistance, Adhesion strength, Impact strength, Proof stress, Abrasion resistance

Processing and Fabrication

-Reproducibility, quality, sterilizability, packaging, secondary processability

Characteristics of host

Tissue, Organ, species, age, sex, race, health condition, activity and systemic response

Medical or surgical procedure, period of applications and usage

Cost

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Page 16: 1.pdf · R Barbucci , Integrated Biomaterials Science, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 2002 G S Sawhney, Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering, New Age International private

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S.M. Kurtz. The UHMWPE Lexicon, School of Biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, and Exponent, Inc.,

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� 1997----170,280 THR� 1998----173,501 THR

----144,133 primary arthroplasties (5% increase over 1994)� No. of revisions --- 28,794 in 1997

--- 29,368 in 1998, --- 29,368 in 1998, � representing 17% of total hip replacements and a 7% increase from

the revisions reported in 1994.

� 4% of the patients were under the age of 40, � 6% of the revision patients were under 40, higher risk of revision for

the younger patients

Page 18: 1.pdf · R Barbucci , Integrated Biomaterials Science, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 2002 G S Sawhney, Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering, New Age International private

In-vivo studies of nanocomposites with Goat at University of Evora, Portugal

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Approximately 250,000 knee and 250,000 Hip replacements are done annually in USA, and it is expected to grow rapidly as the population ages. The orthopedics industry alone has been growing steadily at 10% annually

Page 20: 1.pdf · R Barbucci , Integrated Biomaterials Science, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 2002 G S Sawhney, Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering, New Age International private

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AbioCor™ Implantable Replacement Heart

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skinBlood vessel

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Contact lens

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Page 24: 1.pdf · R Barbucci , Integrated Biomaterials Science, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 2002 G S Sawhney, Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering, New Age International private

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About 50,000 substitute heart valves are implanted annually in USA, and this number is also growing. The prosthetics industry exceeds $10B annually and is expected to grow rapidly in the next few decades

Page 25: 1.pdf · R Barbucci , Integrated Biomaterials Science, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 2002 G S Sawhney, Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering, New Age International private

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Replacement Heart valve Dental implant

Metallic hip joint

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