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What Is .NET ?

This chapter gives you an introduction to the .NET technology and explains what is .NET.

.NET is a major technology change for Microsoft and the software world. Just like the computer world

moved from DOS to Windows, now they are moving to .NET. But don't be surprised if you find anyone

saying that "I do not like .NET and I would stick with the good old COM and C++". There are still lot of

people who like to use the bullock-cart instead of the latest Honda car.

The simple answer is 'it is the technology from Microsoft, on which all other Microsoft technologies will be

depending on in future.'.

.NET technology was introduced by Microsoft, to catch the market from the SUN's Java. Few years back,

Microsoft had only VC++ and VB to compete with Java, but Java was catching the market very fast. With the

world depending more and more the Internet/Web and java related tools becoming the best choice for the

web applications, Microsoft seemed to be loosing the battle. Thousands of programmers moved to java from

VC++ and VB. This was alarming for Microsoft and many of the Microsoft fan's kept on asking "is Microsoft

sleeping?". And Microsoft had the answer. One fine morning, they announced : "We are not sleeping. We have

the answer for you.". And that answer was .NET.

But Microsoft has a wonderful history of starting late but catching up quickly. This is true in case of .NET too.

Microsoft put their best men at work for a secret project called Next Generation Windows Services

(NGWS)., under the direct supervision of Mr. Bill Gates. The outcome of the project is what we now know as

.NET. Even though .NET has borrowed most of it's ideas from Sun's J2EE, it has really outperformed their

competitors.

Microsoft's VC++ was a powerful tool. But it was too complex. It has too many datatypes, and developers had

to learn many libraries including WIndows SDK, MFC, ATL, COM etc. There were many datatype compatibility

issues while exchanging data between different layers. Visual Basic was too easy, and many serious

programmers hated it just for that reason. Even though Visual basic was very easy to use, it was not very

flexible to develop serious applications. SUN's Java became a very good choice for these reasons. It had the

flixibility and power of C++ and at the same time easy enough to catch the attention of VB programmers.

Microsoft recognised these factors and they introducd the .NET considering all these factors. All unwanted

complexities are eliminated and a pure object oriented programming model was introduced. This makes

programmer's life very easy.

.NET framework comes with a single class library. And thats all programmers need to learn!! Whether they

write the code in C# or VB.NET or J#, it doesn't matter, you just use the .NET class library. There is no

classes specific to any language. There is nothing more you can do in a language, which you can't do in any

other .NET language. You can write code in C# or VB.NET with the same number of lines of code, same

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performance and same efficiency, because eveyone uses same .NET class library.

What is .NET ?

It is a platform neutral framework.

Is a layer between the operating system and the programming language.

It supports many programming languages, including VB.NET, C# etc.

.NET provides a common set of class libraries, which can be accessed from any .NET based programming

language. There will not be separate set of classes and libraries for each language. If you know any one

.NET language, you can write code in any .NET language!!

In future versions of Windows, .NET will be freely distributed as part of operating system and users will

never have to install .NET separately.

What is Not ?

.NET is not an operating system.

.NET is not a programming language.

".NET is a framework"

Are you confused by this definition? Well, that is OK. It is really confusing!

We cannot define .NET as a 'single thing'. It is a new, easy, and extensive programming platform. It is not a

programming language, but it supports several programming languages. By default .NET comes with few

programming languages including C# (C Sharp), VB.NET, J# and managed C++. .NET is a common platform

for all the supported languages. It gives a common class library, which can be called from any of the

supported languages. So, developers need not learn many libraries when they switch to a different

language. Only the syntax is different for each language.

When you write code in any language and compile, it will be converted to an 'Intermediate Language'

(Microsoft Intermediate Language - MSIL). So, your compiled executable contains the IL and not really

executable machine language. When the .NET application runs, the .NET framework in the target computer

take care of the execution. (To run a .NET application, the target computer should have .NET framework

installed.) The .NET framework converts the calls to .NET class libraries to the corresponding APIs of the

Operating system.

Whether you write code in C# or VB.NET, you are calling methods in the same .NET class libraries. The same

.NET framework executes the C# and VB.NET applications. So, there won't be any performance difference

based on the language you write code.

What is Visual Studio.NET ?

Many people always get confused with Visual Studio .NET (VS.NET) and .NET technology. VS.NET is just an

editor, provided by Microsoft to help developers write .NET programs easily. VS.NET editor automatically

generates lot of code, allows developers to drag and drop controls to a form, provide short cuts to compile

and build the application etc.

VS.NET is not a required thing to do .NET programming. You can simply use a notepad or any other simple

editor to write your .NET code!!! And you can compile your .NET programs from the command prompt.

Well, what I said is true theoretically.. but if you decide to use notepad for .NET programming, by the time

you develop few sample applications, Microsoft would have introduced some other new technology and .NET

would be outdated. You may not want that. So, let us go by VS.NET, just like every other .NET guys.

You can read more about VisualStudio.NET in the next

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article.

.NET supported languages

Currently .NET supports the following languages:

C#

VB.NET

C++

J#

The above languages are from Microsoft. Many third parties are writing compilers for other languages with

.NET support.Difference between VB and VB.NETBelieve us, there is not much in common between VB and

VB.NET other than the name. VB.NET is a totally new programming language. It just retains the syntax of

old VB. So, if you are a vb programmer, probably you may like VB.NET than C# just because of the syntax.

In addition to this, VB.NET still support many of the old VB functions just for backward compatibility. But if

you are a serious .NET programmer, we strongly suggest never use old VB functions in VB.NET. So,

switching from VB to VB.NET is just like learning a new programming language, with very small similarities

between them.

C# or VB.NET ? Which one to choose ?

As we mentioned in earlier chapters, it makes no much difference. Whether you write code in VB.NET or C#,

when you compile, your code will get converted to MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate language). It is this MSIL

which you deliver to your customer in the form of a DLL or EXE. The MSIL is executed by the same .NET

framework, whether you wrote it originally in C# or VB.NET.

The MSIL generated by C# and VB.NET is almost 99% is the same! Many believe that C# has the power of

C++ and VB.NET has the user friendliness of VB. That is not true. Both are equally powerfull and friendly.

VB.NET has backward compatibility with old Visual basic. So, it supports old vb functions. C# is a fresh,

clean language. So strongly support using C# instead of VB.NET just for this clean compiler.

Many old VB guys usually like to stick with VB.NET and are kind of scared of C#. We are sure that you will

not take more than few days to get familiar with C# syntax. This online tutorial is based on C# and all

samples will be provided in C#.

Is it platform independent ?

Many people ask this question "Java is platform independent, what about .NET ?".

The answer is "Yes" and "No" !

The code you write is platform independent, because whatever you write is getting compiled into MSIL.

There is no native code, which depends on your operating system or CPU. But when you execute the MSIL,

the .NET framework in the target system will convert the MSIL into native platform code.

So, if you run your .NET exe in a WIndows machine, the .NET framework for Windows will convert it into

Windows native code and execute. If you run your .NET application in Unix or Linux, the .NET framework for

Unix/Linuxwill convert your code into Unix/Linux native code and execute. So, your code is purely platform

independent and runs anywhere!

But wait, we said it wrong... there is no .NET framework for Unix or Linuxavailable now. Microsoft has

written the .NET framework only for Windows. If you or some one else write a .NET framework for other

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platforms in future, your code will run there too. So, let us wait until someone write .NET framework for

Linux before you run your .NET code in Linux.

Is it worth learning .NET ?

Are you sure you have a very good job now and your job is safe for next 10 years? Then, probably you don't

need to waste your time to learn this new technology.

If you are not sure about the future of your job, better spend sometime and make sure you have fuel to run

for next few years!

How long it will take to learn .NET ?

It all depends on how fast you can learn. If you are familiar with Visual Basic or C++, you can come to

speed in .NET within 1-2 months. If you are a new to programming, we estimate 6 months will be a

reasonable period to become comfortable with .NET world.

Future of .NET

Microsoft is moving all its technologies to be .NET based or .NET related. The next version of SQL Server

even supports writing stored procedures in .NET languages. .NET runtime will be part of all Operating

Systems by default.

In short, if you like to work on Microsoft technologies for programming, .NET would be the only choice you

will have.

Disclaimer: .NET is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. All information provided here are for educational

purpose only. We are not associated with Microsoft and this tutorial is not enforced by Microsoft or its

partners.

Next Chapter: Visual Studio .NET

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