1M2_overview of Steampower Plants
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Transcript of 1M2_overview of Steampower Plants
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For internal use only / Copyright © Siemens AG 2006. All rights reserved.
MODULE-1
Presentation Overview Steam Power Plants
Plant Layout Training Series
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Page 2 April-07Protection notice / Copyright notice
SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
2. Overview of Steam Power Plants
1. Introduction to Coal fired thermal power station; coal handling, steam generation, power conversion, circulating water and post-combustion cleanup systems.
2. Introduction to steam turbine, generator, heat exchangers, condenser, main pumps
3. Introduction to planning of Steam Turbine building in a Reference Power Plant
Contents
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Conventional Power Plant, Sea Location
Coal Yard
SteamGenerators
Electro-chlorinating
Staff Amenities and Administration Building
Demineralisation plant
Steam TurbineBuilding
Switch GearBuilding in between
Workshop andStores Building
Stack
Ash Silos
Fuel Oil Tanks
Circulation Water Pump Building
Jetty
Circulation Water Out-Fall
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Coal Handling System
TRAIN UNLOADING
UNLOADING CONVEYORSTOCKOUT/RECLAIM CONVEYOR
ACTIVE PILE
RESERVE PILE
RECLAIM
RECLAIM CONVEYOR
CRUSHER
CONVEYOR
SILO FILL
CONVEYOR
TRANSFER BUILDING
CRUSHER BUILDING
UNIT SILOS
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Systems of Power Island
POST-COMBUSTION CLEANUP SYSTEM
PULVERZER(S)
UNIT SILOS
FE
ED
ER
(S)
PRIMARY AIR FAN(S)FORCED
DRAFT FAN(S)
AIR HEATER
Scrubber solids & fly ash to landfill
ST
AC
K
INDUCED DRAFT
FAN(S)
PARTICULATE REMOVAL SYSTEM
SO2 REMOVAL SYSTEM
STEAM DRUM
WALL TUBES
SUPER HEATER
REHEATER
ECONOMIZER
STEAM GENERATOR
Hot Reheat Steam
Superheated Steam
Cold Reheat Steam
HP IPLP
CONDENSER
CEP
LP
BFP
HP
FEEDWATER HEATER(S)
DEAERATOR
GENERATOR
~
Extraction steam
STEAM GENERATION SYSTEM
POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM
COOLING TOWER(S)
CWP
Make up
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Page 6 April-07Protection notice / Copyright notice
SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Rankine Cycle with superheat, reheat and regeneration
s
T
isentropic expansion
heat rejection
compression
heat addition
1
2
4
3b3a
pump
Condenser
Turbine
BoilerQ1
Q2Wp
Wp
Q1
Q2
1
2 3
4
3
Superheater
Heat addition at multiple pressures; latent and sensible heat addition with superheat and reheat to working medium
Higher is the temperature/pressure at source, greater is the work done in turbine
Lower the sink temperature, greater is the work done in turbine
Feedwater heating regeneration to reduce load on boiler and increase cycle efficiency
Wa
4a
4b
Wb
reheater
Wa Wb
4a 4b
HeatersWp
1’
Heaters
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Schematic of a Coal fired Power Plant
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Principles of Steam Power Plant
Operates on combined Superheat, reheat and regeneration cycle
Uses Coal as primary fuel in a conventional Steam Generator
Recovers heat by means of economizers and regenerative air heaters.
Optimizes the heat rate and cycle efficiency by means of regenerative feedwater heaters
Efficiencies in the order of 35%
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Major Equipment in a Power Plant
1. Steam Turbine
2. Generator
3. Condenser
4. Heat Exchangers
5. Pumps
Power Plant Components
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Steam Turbines – Product Range Overview
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Product Range application
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Turbo-Generator set (HMN series)
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Steam Turbine
CROSS OVER PIPE
IP TURBINE
HP TURBINE
COMBINED HP STOP AND CONTROL VALVE
COMBINED IP STOP AND CONTROL VALVE
COOLING WATER IN AND OUT
ONE COMMON CONDENSER FOR BOTH LP TURBINES. CW FLOWS IN 2 PATH AND IS DIVIDED
COMBINED LP BYPASS STOP AND CONTROL
VALVE
LP TURBINE
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
HP turbine
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
IP Turbine
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
LP Turbine
DOUBLE FLOW LOW PRESSURE TURBINE
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Generators-Product Range
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Air/Hydrogen Cooled Generators
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Generator (Air Cooled)
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Tasks of a Condenser
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Classification of Condensers
Circulating Water System
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Classification of Condensers
Circulating Water System
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Condenser Types
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Condenser Types
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Condenser Types
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Feed water Heater
Drain cooling Zone
Extraction steam inlet
Feedwater outlet
Feedwater inletSteam phase Condensate phase
Possible condensate
level
Vents
Steam cooling Zone
Tube sheet
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Horizontal LP Feedwater Heater with Drain Cooling Zone
Drain cooling Zone
Extraction steam inlet
Feedwater outlet
Feedwater inletSteam phase Condensate phase
Possible condensat
e level
Vents
Steam cooling Zone
Tube sheet
Beside of an economic Pipe Routing sufficient space for Insulation and access has to be considered while placing the heaters.
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Comparison of horizontal and vertical heaters
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Gland Steam Condenser
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
External drain cooler (for Heater A1 and A2)
2
1
4 3
A
ÆB
D C
1 Drains Inlet 2 Drains Outlet 3 Main Condensate Inlet 4 Main Condensate Outlet
For WGQ ca. 7,2 m
For WGQ ca. 1m
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Deaerator and Feedwater Tank
Separate Deaerator tank mounted on the Feedwater tank is less costly than a STORK sprinkler deaerator
Objectives:1. Feed water heating (direct)2. Collector for condensates3. Storage overhead tank for BFP4. Used for balancing during operation
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Deaerator and Feedwater Tank
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Main Pumps
Feedwater pump
Condensate extraction pump
Circulating water pump
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Boiler Feedwater Pump Design
Ring Section Type Barrel Type
• less invest costs • faster and easier assembly/disassembly
• no cutting of connecting pipes
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Boiler Feedwater Pump (Barrel Type)
DruckgehäuseSauggehäuse
Laufrad Leitrad
Welle
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Stufengehäuse
Boiler Feedwater Pump (Ring Section)
Verbindungsschraube
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Classification by mode of Control
1. Variable Frequency drive
2. Constant Frequency drive with different control methods
Bypass operation
Throttling
Speed control
Turbo-coupling
Thyrister
Boiler Feedwater Pumps
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Flow Control methods
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Hydro-Coupling (Voith)
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Economics of Speed Controlled Pumps
Design Features Design Features
• Donaustadt, Austria• Köln-Niehl, Germany
Advantage
• Speed control by adjusting the scoop tube position to vary the hydraulic oil flow rate
• Power transmission via hydraulic oil from pump wheel which is driven by the motor to turbine wheel
Advantages
References CCPP
MM
Hydro Coupling Frequency Converter
Reference CCPP
• General principle: transformation of the incoming alternating voltage to a direct voltage and then back to an alternating voltage of the required motor frequency
• Varying the motor frequency by thyristor
• Cottam, UK• King‘s Lynn, UK• Pulau Seraya, Singapore
• Highest full and part load efficiency• Low I&C effort• Low space requirement
Remarks
• Inadmissible harmonics may occur• Operating ambient temperature < 35°C
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Condensate Extraction Pump
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Condensate Extraction PumpIskenderun
Flow 215 l/sTDH 311 mLength 7,5 mDiameter 0,95 mWeight 4,4 tMaterial Cr-steel (impeller)
cast steel (bowl,stage casing)
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Can for Condensate Extraction PumpIskenderun
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants Quelle: KSB
Dr. Wehinger / September 2003
Motor Stool
Adjusting NutThrust Bearing
Discharge cover
Delivery Supension
Pipe
Radial Bearing
Column Pipe
Diffuser
Wear Ring
Impeller
Bellmouth
Discharge Elbow
Coupling
Disc Coupling, Rigid
Shaft
Coupling
Adjusting NutThrust Bearing
Discharge Elbow
Disc Coupling, Rigid
Radial Bearing
Column Pipe
Diffuser
Wear Ring
Impeller
Bellmouth
Shaft
pull-out type non-pull-out type
Circulating Water Pumps (Tubular Casing)
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Circulating Water PumpIskenderun
Flow 15,35 m³/sTDH 18,3 mLength 11 mDiameter 3,3 mMaterial Duplex
(X2CrNiMo 22.5)
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Coal Fired Thermal Power Plant
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Steam Turbine Building
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Steam Turbine Building Longitudinal Section
Steam TurbineGenerator
Exciter
Compressed Air Unit
Condensate PumpsCondenser Inlet/OutletClosed CW Heat ExchangerClosed CW Pumps
CondensatPolishingPlant
Seal Oil Unit
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Condenser
Steam Turbine
Steam Turbine Building Cross Section View
Main Transformer
Main Cooling Water Piping
Generator Circuit Breaker
Main Machine Set Foundation
Boiler Feed Pump
LP Heaters
Feed Water Tank
Turbine Crane
Auxiliary Transformers
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Turbo-set Arrangements
Paiton II – Indonesia2x 670 MW sub-critical
167 bar, 538°C / 538°C(2422 psi, 1000°F / 1000°F)Operation - 2000
Iskenderun – Turkey2x 660 MW sub-critical
177 bar, 538°C / 538°C
(2567 psi, 1000°F / 1000°F)Operation - 2003
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Turbo-set Arrangements
Schwarze Pumpe – Germany2x 813 MW supercritical
260 bar, 547°C / 565°C(3770 psi, 1016°F / 1049°F)Operation - 1997/1998
Boxberg – Germany1x 908 MW supercritical
258,4 bar, 541°C / 578°C(3748 psi, 1006°F / 1072°F)Operation - 2000
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants
Turbo-set Arrangements
Isogo – Japan
1x 600 MW ultra Supercritical
251 bar, 600°C / 610°C
3,640 psi , 1,112°F / 1,130°F
Two flow LP
Operation - 2002
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SPEL /Gurgaon / PMR.SridharPlant Layout Training SeriesOverview of Steam Power Plants