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Designed and Presented by

Dr. Sukhendu DasProfessor

Dept. of Computer Science and Engg.

IIT MadrasChennai 600036.

Duration: 45-50 Hours

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COMPUTER GRAPHICS

Section I

INTRODUCTION

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Introduction to COMPUTER GRAPHICS

Com uter Gra h ics involves dis la mani ulation

and storage of pictures and experimental data for

ro er visualization usin a com uter.

Typical graphics system comprises of a host

compu er w suppor o as processor, arge

memory, frame buffer and

Display devices (color monitors),

In ut devices mouse, ke board, o stick,

touch screen, trackball) Output devices (LCD panels, laser printers,

color printers. Plotters etc.)

Interfacin devices such as video I/OTV interface etc.

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ApplicationApplication

ro ramGraphics

model

Conceptual framework for

interactive graphics

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Plottin in business

Plotting in science and technology

Web/business/commercial

CAD/CAM design

(VLSI, Construction, Circuits)

Scientific Visualization

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Entertainment

mov e, v ., ames e c.

Simulation studies Simulators

Cartography Multimedia

Virtual reality

Process Monitoring

Di ital Ima e Processin

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Various application packages

and standards are available:

Core graphics

GKS

SRGP

PHIGS, SPHIGS and PEX 3D

.

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On various platforms, such as

DOS, Windows,

Linux, OS/2,

SGI SunOS

-, ,

, - .

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Four basic output primitives (or elements)for drawing pictures:

POLYLINE

Filled POLYGONS (regions)

Four major areas of ELLIPSE (ARC)

Computer Graphics are:

Dis la of information

TEXT

aster

,

u

User Interface.

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H ti

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Haptics

Haptics (pronounced HAP-tiks) is the

control to interaction with computer applications

meaning "to fasten.").

By using special input/output devices

o sticks, data loves, or other devices , userscan receive feedback from computer applicationsin the form of felt sensations in the hand or other

parts of the body.

In combination with a visual display, hapticstechnology can be used to train people for tasksrequiring hand-eye coordination, such as surgeryand space ship maneuvers.

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It can also be used for games in which youee as we as see your n erac ons w mages.

,another computer user somewhere else in the

.

using the haptic device, position and swing your

A number of universities are ex erimentin

with haptics. The Immersion Corporation offers ao stick roduct that is used in laboratories and

in arcade games. Haptics offers an additional

dimension to a virtual reality or 3-D environment.

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Rendering

Modeling

of research in Building Character

an

Surface Reconstruction

Video Techniques

Fluid simulation

Hardware

Motion Capture

EYES, NOSE, MOUTH and BODY Textures Archeological Reconstruction

Ima e Video based modelin and renderin Devices

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concep s an pr nc p es

in Computer Graphics are

Display Systems

Storage displays, Random scan, Raster

Flat panel displays.

Transformations

ne - an - : o a on, rans a on,

Scale, Reflection and Shear.

Viewing: The Camera Transformations -

ers ective ortho ra hic isometric andstereographic views, Quaternion.

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Scan Conversion and Clipping

raw ng o o n s, nes, ar ers, urves,

Circles, Ellipse, Polyline, Polygon. Area filling, fill-style, fill pattern, clipping algorithms, anti-aliasing

etc.

Back face culling, Painter's algorithm, scan-

, - , - u , y

tracing etc.

Shadin & Illumination

Phong's shading model, texture mapping,

background, Color models etc.

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Solid Modeling

, , ,

representations. Regularized Boolean set

operations, Constructive Solid Geometry.

urves an ur aces

Bezier Bernstein Pol nomials Curves

B-Splines, Cubic-Splines, Quadratic, -

forms, Hermite Curves etc.

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sce aneous

Animation Fractals Pro ection andViewing, Geometry, Modeling, Image File

, ,(sample and event-driven) etc.

Advanced Raster Graphics Architecture

Display Processors, Pipeline and-,

systems, hybrid architectures.

References

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References

1. Computer Graphics; Principles and practice;

Hughes; Addison Wesley, 1997.

2. Mathematical elements for ComputerGra hics 2nd edn. D. F. Ro ers and J. A.Adams; McGraw-Hill International. Edn., 1990.

3. Computer Graphics - C version; D. Hearn andM. P. Baker; Pearson Education, 2004.

4. Computer Graphics using OpenGL; 2nd edn.;F. S. Hill Jr.; Pearson Education, 2003.

5. Procedural Elements for Computer Graphics;2nd Edn., D. F. Rogers, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2002.

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Some examples and illustrations

of Graphical objects

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-

,

Simple 3D solid objects

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S p e 3 so d objects

3D Solid object (with hole) generated using

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j ( ) g gConstructive Solid Geometry

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Textures help to visualize

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p

shape and structure of 3D objects

Real world image of a

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Texture synthesis

using Fractals

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A realistic scene implemented using:NURBS Non-uniform Rational B-S linesimage maps, bump maps, texture map,procedural noise and depth of field.Courtesy: http://realsoft.fi/gallery/

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-