1.Basic Chemistry. ATOMS Atom: the basic unit of matter Nucleus: is the core of the atom. It...
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Transcript of 1.Basic Chemistry. ATOMS Atom: the basic unit of matter Nucleus: is the core of the atom. It...
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1.Basic Chemistry
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ATOMS
• Atom: the basic unit of matter
• Nucleus: is the core of the atom. It contains protons (+), neutrons
• Electron cloud: contains the electrons (-)
• Valence electrons: the electrons available to form bonds
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When Atoms Bond
• Covalent bonds form when electrons are shared molecule
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2. Chemistry of Life
• Living organisms are made of carbon molecules
• With 4 valence electrons, can form 4 strong covalent bonds with many elements, including itself.
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Quiz• Atoms are the ______________ of matter. • Structure of the atom:
– Protons: __________ charged particles– Neutrons: – Nucleus: – Electrons:
• Valence electronsCovalent bonds form when _____________. This process forms a ____________.
• Living organisms are made out of _____ molecules. This atom Carbon atom has ___ valence electrons.
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Macromolecules
• Macromolecules: giant molecules formed by carbon through the process of polymerization
• Monomers: building blocks for different macromolecules; small repeating molecular units.
• Polymers: made up of many monomers which bond to form a macromolecule
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The 4 Major Categories of macromolecules
• Carbohydrates: think sugars, starches
• Lipids: think fats, wax and oils
• Nucleic Acids: think DNA and RNA
• Proteins: think muscle and amino acids
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CARBOHYDRATES
• Include sugars and polymers of sugars• Commonly form ring structures• Structure:
– Monomers: sugar molecules• Function:
– energy storage: glycogen – structural support: cellulose
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Monomers
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Starch and Cellulose
Starch is used as an energy storage molecule in plants
Cellulose is used for structural support creating the cell wall of plants
Both are polysaccharides
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Cell membrane Phospholipid Bi-layer
• This creates a membrane that can separate two environments
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LIPIDS
• Includes triglycerides, steroids, phospholipids• They don’t dissolve in water and tend to stick
together when placed in an aqueous solution• Structure:
– glycerol molecule + fatty acid
• Function – Energy storage– Membranes– hormones
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Phospholipid Structure
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NUCLEIC ACID
• Include DNA and RNA• Structure:
– Monomers: nucleotides
• Function: – Store and transmit hereditary information
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PROTEINS
• Structure:– Monomers: amino acids– Polymers: proteins
• Function:– Catalyzing reactions (enzymes)– Regulate cell processes– Structural support– Chemical messengers…20 amino acids different combinations of Amino Acids
make various proteins.
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POSTER
• pg 44 of your textbook• Divide page in 4 for the 4 major
macromolecules in living organisms– Name of the macromolecule– Drawing of its structure with color– Atomic composition– Minimum of 2 functions(Proteins should have
more)– 3 to 5 facts for each
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NOTES• Some Definitions:
– Macromolecules: giant molecules formed by carbon through the process of polymerization– Monomers: building blocks for different macromolecules; small repeating molecular units. – Polymers: made up of many monomers which bond to form a macromolecule
• 4 Major categories of macromolecules:– Carbohydrates (sugar, starches)– Lipids (oils, fats waxes)– Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA)– Proteins (muscles,
• Carbodydrates:– Structure: monomers are sugar molecules– Function: energy storage
• Lipids:– Structure: glycerol molecule + fatty acids– Function: energy storage, membranes, hormones
• Nucleic Acids– Structure: monomers are nucleotides– Function: Store and transmit hereditary information
• Proteins:– Structure: monomers are amino acids– Function: Catalyzing reactions, Regulate cell processes, Structural support, Chemical messengers