1b Bio SB Unit 1 14-34

14 Unit 1: Biology and the Scientific Method

Practice

Use the list below to write the correct part of the microscope on the line provided.

arm high-power objective lensbase low-power objective lenscoarse adjustment knob mirror or lightdiaphragm stageeyepiece stage clipsfine adjustment knob

4x40x

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

Unit 1: Biology and the Scientific Method 15

Practice

Use the list below to write the correct name of each apparatus pictured on theline next to its corresponding number.

balance graduated cylinder probebeaker hand lens safety gogglesdissecting scissors metric ruler scalpeldroppers microscope slide test tubeflask mortar and pestle thermometerforceps petri dish

5045403530252015105 Laboratory Graduated A

voirdupois/ Metric Scale

1.2. 3. 4.

5. 6.

7. 8. 9.

10.

11.12.

13. 14.

15.

16. 17.

1. _______________________ 10. _______________________

2. _______________________ 11. _______________________

3. _______________________ 12. _______________________

4. _______________________ 13. _______________________

5. _______________________ 14. _______________________

6. _______________________ 15. _______________________

7. _______________________ 16. _______________________

8. _______________________ 17. _______________________

9. _______________________


Practice

Finish filling out the accident reports below.

Type of Accident: Chemical Burn

Description: Ashley Allbright burned a hole in the right leg of her newdesigner jeans. Fortunately, the skin underneath was only slightlyirritated. Ashley noticed the hole in math class when she felt her leg beginto burn. Then she remembered she had spilled several drops of acid on herleg in biology lab during the previous period. She had not mentioned thisto the biology teacher because she didnt think much about it at thetime.

Cause of Accident: ______________________________

Ways to Prevent This Type of Accident in the Future:

1. ___________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________________

4. ___________________________________________________________

Type of Accident: Minor Explosion Resulting in Injury and Fire

Description: Chastain Chance Cuthbert lost the tip of his index finger ina small explosion that also led to a firehere's how. Waiting until theteacher left the room to search for more beakers in the supply closet,Chance attempted to spray a small aerosol can filled with mouth freshenerthrough the flame of his alcohol burner. According to Chance, I justwanted to see what would happen. The can exploded, blowing off the tipof his index finger and breaking the alcohol burner. The alcohol inside theburner caught fire as it spilled across the table. The teacher was able to putout the fire with a fire extinguisher she grabbed as she emerged from thesupply closet.




1. ___________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________________

4. ___________________________________________________________

Type of Accident: Burn

Description: Katrina Lamb was scalded on her right cheek after leaningover her boiling test tube to check the contents. According to witnesses,Katrinas lab partner was impatient for the water inside the test tube toboil and urged Katrina to check out whats going on down there. Hotwater and steam burst out of the test tube as Katrina leaned toward it.



1. ___________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________________

4. ___________________________________________________________


Practice

Read the newspaper story below, then answer the questions.

Reports indicate thataliens from outer spaceare responsible for thedeaths of three cows atthe local BBQ CattleRanch. Owner ClydeBingham said that themysterious deathsfollowed a night filledwith strange lightsshining through thewoods on the nearbycreek gully. He alsosaid that he noticed thenext morning thatwater in this creek hadturned green. Thewater now runs clear,however. I firstnoticed those lightsearly in the evening,said Bingham. But Igot wrapped up inWheel of Fortune and

Martians Kill Farmers Cowsforgot about them.Then, of course X Filescame on, and Icouldnt get up andleave in the middle ofthat either.Bingham said hefound the dead cowsthe next morning.They were near thecreek where he noticedthat the water wasgreen.I got to talking to myneighbor Mr. Kloreenabout it, and he saidthat Mars was close tothe Earth last night. Healso said that Martiansoftentimes turn watergreen and sacrifice afew cows when theyvisit over here. Mr.Kloreen said visitsfrom outer space arehis hobby, so he

bought my dead cowsas a souvenir, saidBingham.Malcolm Kloreen, alocal businessman,owns the KloreenChemical Companyand recently purchasedthis newspaper. Hesaid he was an amateurastronomer interestedin extraterrestrialphenomena. He washappy he couldcontribute his expertiseto this case.Evidence shows thatMartians like to landnear a water source,said Kloreen. Its agood thing Clydeavoided a closeencounter! Martiansare known to have littlemercy for Earthlings.

Saturday, April 1, 1998 The Bogie Edition

by I. Donna BelieveGuest Columnist

1. What is your hypothesis for the death of Clyde Binghams cows? Itspossible to have more than one hypothesis. Remember, there may bemore factors involved than the ones mentioned in this story.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________


2. If you could get any information you would like to have, howwould you test one of your hypotheses? Apply the five steps of thescientific method.

___________________________________________________________

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3. Was open discussion of this situation possible? __________________

Why or why not? ____________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

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4. If Clyde Binghams creek were also the water source for yourfamily, how would you feel?

___________________________________________________________

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What would you do? ________________________________________

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Lab Activity 1: Using the Scientific Method

The scientific method helps us to solve problems. Using the scientific method, the problem is identified, observations

are made, and a hypothesis is developed. The hypothesis is tested by experimenting, observing results,

and recording them. Conclusions are drawn based on results.

You will use the scientific method to solve this problem: Do flasksA and B contain similar or different liquids?

2 flasks labeled A and B containing liquid a clock or watch with a second hand 2 stoppers to fit flasks beaker

Facts:

Investigate:

Materials:

Caution: Wear eye goggles and wash your hands when you are finished with thelab activities!

First Observations

1. Examine flasks A and B. Do not remove their stoppers, and do notshake them.

2. Record, in the table on the following page, two or three similaritiesor differences between the two flasks.


Similarities Differences1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

3.

3. Do you think both flasks contain the same liquid? _______________

4. Is your answer to Question 1 based on experimenting or guessing?

___________________________________________________________

5. Do both flasks contain exactly the same amount of liquid? ________

6. What gas might be in the upper half of flask A that might not be inflask B?

___________________________________________________________

7. Do you have any evidence for your answer to Question 4? ________

___________________________________________________________

Experimenting

Experiment 1: What happens if you shake the liquids?

Hypothesis: _____________________________________________________

1. Give each flask one hard shake with your hand using an up-and-down motion. Make sure your thumb holds the stopper of the flaskso that you wont spill any of the liquid.

2. Immediately after shaking, observe each flask carefully.


3. Look for similarities and differences between the two flasks, andrecord your observations in the table below.

Results of Experiment #1Similarities Differences

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

2.

3.

4.

4. After shaking the flasks, do you think they contain the same ordifferent liquids?

___________________________________________________________

5. If different, what was present that might have caused the change inthe liquid?

___________________________________________________________

Experiment 2: What happens if you remove some of the liquid in flask Bso that it has the same amount of space at the top as flask A?

Hypothesis: _____________________________________________________

6. Remove the stopper from flask B, and pour out half of the liquidinto a beaker. Make sure that the amount of liquid in flask B is equalto the amount of liquid in flask A. Replace the stopper. Give eachflask one hard shake as you did before. Remember to hold thestopper in place while shaking.

7. Observe each flask carefully.


8. Look for similarities or differences between the two flasks andrecord them in the table below.

Results of Experiment #2Similarities Differences

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

2.

3.

4.

9. Do both flasks now appear to contain the same liquid? ___________

10. What may have been added to flask B that wasnt present before?

___________________________________________________________

Experiment 3: What happens if you shake the flasks more than once?

Hypothesis: _____________________________________________________

11. Give each flask one hard shake with an up-and-down motion,holding the stopper.

12. Note the exact time in seconds after shaking that it takes for eachliquid to return to its original condition. Record the time in the tableon the following page.

13. Give each flask two hard shakes in the same manner as before.Record the time.

14. Repeat the procedure with three shakes and record the time.


Flask A

Flask B

1 Shake 2 Shakes 3 ShakesResults of Experiment #3

15. After one shake, are the two liquids generally behaving in asimilar way? That is, is the time that passes before flasks A and Breturn to their original condition about the same?

___________________________________________________________

16. After two and three shakes, are the liquids in flasks A and Bbehaving in a similar way?

___________________________________________________________

17. Look at the data in the table Results of Experiment #3. Does flask Ashow an increase or decrease in time needed to return to its originalcondition as the number of shakes increases from one to three?

___________________________________________________________

Does flask B show a similar change? ___________________________

Interpreting the Data from the Experiment

Answer these questions. They will help you interpret, or make sense of, the datafrom your observations and experiments.

1. On the basis of your first observations in Part A, could you decide ifboth flasks contained the same liquid?

___________________________________________________________


2. After performing Experiment #1, could you decide if both flaskscontained the same liquid?

___________________________________________________________

3. Which experiment or experiments may have helped you to decidethat the liquids in flasks A and B were similar or different?

___________________________________________________________

Explain: ____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

4. Besides the liquid itself, what else seems to be needed for the liquidto change color?

___________________________________________________________

Forming Conclusions from the Experiment

Answer these questions. They will help you draw a conclusion about youroriginal problem: Do flasks A and B contain similar or different liquids?

1. Why did flask B not change color when shaken in Experiment #1?

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

2. Why must the liquids in the half-filled flasks be shaken to produce a color change?

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________


3. Why did more shaking increase the amount of time needed for theliquids in flasks A and B to change back to their original color?

___________________________________________________________

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4. Could you have solved Question 1 in Experimenting by guessing?

___________________________________________________________

Why is experimenting a better method of problem solving thanguessing?

___________________________________________________________

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5. What is meant by the phrase solving a problem by using thescientific method"?

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Lab Activity 2: Metric Measurement

All scientific work requires careful and accurate measurement. Matter can be measured in terms of length, volume, or weight. Scientists use the metric system of measurement.

You will use metric units to measure the length of given objects,volume of liquids, and mass of common objects.

metric ruler balance scale graduated cylinder water various containers and objects

Facts:

Investigate:

Materials:

Use your metric ruler to determine the length of items in your classroom.Write the correct measurement in centimeters on each line below. Rememberthat a centimeter is about the width of your little finger!

_________ 1. your pencil

_________ 2. your desktop

_________ 3. your shoe

_________ 4. the fingernail of your little finger

_________ 5. this sheet of paper


Use a graduated cylinder to determine the volume of the following. Write thecorrect measurement in milliliters.

_________ 6. a cup of water

_________ 7. 10 drops of water

_________ 8. a quart of water

Use a balance to determine the mass of the following objects. Write the correctmeasurement in grams.

_________ 9. nickel

_________ 10. paper clip

_________ 11. metal bar

_________ 12. beaker


Practice

Use the list below to write the correct term for each definition on the line provided.

biologist fact sciencebiology hypothesis scientific methodconclusion metric system superstitioncontrol microscope theorydata observation variableexperiment problem

_________________________ 1. an untested or untestable belief upheldby faith in magic or chance

_________________________ 2. a condition that can be changedthroughout the experiment to test thehypothesis

_________________________ 3. an instrument with a series ofmagnifying lenses for inspectingobjects too small to be seen in detail bythe unaided eye

_________________________ 4. something learned through thesensessight, hearing, taste, smell, ortouch

_________________________ 5. a logical, orderly way to solve aproblem or answer a question usingexperimentation

_________________________ 6. a statement that may explain a groupof related observations

_________________________ 7. a question that can be answeredthrough observation andexperimentation


_________________________ 8. the logical evaluation of a theory asshown by experimentation

_________________________ 9. recorded information on all aspects ofan experiment

_________________________ 10. an activity designed to test ahypothesis

_________________________ 11. something known with certainty

_________________________ 12. an international system ofmeasurement, based on multiples of10

_________________________ 13. a generalized explanation of the eventsbased on the conclusions of severalexperiments made by several peopleover a long period of time

_________________________ 14. that part of the experiment where thevariable is not changed

_________________________ 15. the study of living things; the scienceof life

_________________________ 16. the system by which data is gathered,problems are solved, and theories aredeveloped; it seeks to describe thescope and function of the universe

_________________________ 17. a person who studies the science of life


Practice

Use the list below to complete the following statements.

comparing old truediscarded predicts truthexplore previous understandinglarge small

1. When performing a scientific investigation, theories can be

supported or disproved, but never proved

.

2. One reason to conduct investigations is to

new problems.

3. Other reasons to investigate include

theories, checking previous results, and testing how well a theory

.

4. Occasionally, a new theory may predict or describe better than an

theory.

5. When a new theory works better than an old theory, the old theory is

.

6. As theories are developed, tested, and discarded, the result is that

we have a better view and of the

universe.


7. As theories are tested, these investigations usually lead to

changes , but sometimes result in

changes.

8. The result of the continued publishing, testing, and discarding of

theories is an improved view of the world, but not absolute

.

1b Bio SB Unit 1 14-34

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