19th century timeline

by: Ashley Williams

1862 18691850

homestead act: law enacted in 1862, provided 160 acres in the west to any citizen or intended citizen.

Bessemer process:first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron. The process is named after its inventor, Henry Bessemer, who took out a patent on the process in

1855.

Transcontinental railroad: railroad line linking the Atlantic pacific coasts of the u.s. in 1869

Sand creek massacre:1864, when a 700-man force of Colorado Territory militia attacked and destroyed a village of friendly Cheyenne and Arapaho encamped in southeastern Colorado Territory,3 killing and mutilating an estimated 70–163 Indians, about two-thirds of whom were women and

children.

1864 1864Credit mobilier: a construction company formed in 1864 by owners of the union pacific railroad, who used to skim off profits to themselves.

1866Buffalo soldiers: originally members of the u.s. 10th calvary reingnment of the usa army

1876

Telephone:in March 1876.1 That first patent by Bell was the master patent of the telephone, from which other patents for electric telephone devices and features

flowed.2

1887 1890

Dawes act: law enacted in 1887, intended to “Americanize” native Americans by distributing reservation land to individual owners

The Ghost Dance was a new religious movement which was incorporated into numerous Native American belief systems. According to the prophet Jack Wilson (Wewoka's teachings, proper practice of the dance would reunite the living with the spirits of the dead and bring peace, prosperity, and unity to native peoples throughout the

region

1876

The battle of little big horn, also known as Custer's Last Stand and, by the Native Americans involved, as the Battle of the Greasy Grass, was an armed engagement between combined forces of Lakota, Northern Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes, against the 7th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army.

1890Literacy test: refers to the government practice of testing the literacy of potential citizens at the federal level, and potential voters at the

state level.

Haymarket afffair:aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on Tuesday May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square3 in Chicago. It began as a peaceful rally in support of workers striking for an eight-hour

day.

1886

1890

Grandfather clause:A a situation in which an old rule continues to apply to some existing situations, while a new rule will apply to all future situations. Frequently, the exemption is limited; it may extend for a set period of time, or it may be lost under certain circumstances. For example, a "grandfathered power plant" might be exempt from new, more restrictive pollution laws, but those rules would apply if plant

were expanded

1890

The Wounded Knee Massacre occurred on December 29, 1890,4 near Wounded Knee Creek (Lakota: Čhaŋkpé Ópi Wakpála) on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South

Dakota, USA

Plessy vs. fergusona landmark United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States, upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal."1

1894Pullman strike:nationwide conflict between the new American Railway Union (ARU) and railroads that occurred in the United States in summer 1894. It shut down much of the nation's freight and passenger traffic

west of Detroit.

1892The Omaha Platform was the party program adopted at the formative convention of the Populist (or People's) Party held in Omaha, Nebraska on July 4, 1892.

1890

Sherman antitrust act:prohibits certain business activities that reduce competition in the marketplace, and requires the United States federal government to investigate and pursue trusts, companies, and organizations suspected of

being in violation.

1890

Ghost dance:a new religious movement which was incorporated into numerous Native American belief

systems.

1890Jim crow laws:They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in Southern states of the former Confederacy, with, starting in 1890, a "separate but equal" status for African Americans.

1896

1900s

Vaudervile:a theatrical genre of variety entertainment popular in the North America, England, Australia and New Zealand from the early 1880s until the

early 1930s.

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1897

Ragtime :an original musical genre which enjoyed its peak popularity between 1897 and 1918.2 Its main characteristic trait is its syncopated, or "ragged," rhythm.2 It began as dance music in the red-light districts of African American communities in St. Louis and New Orleans years before being published as popular sheet

music for piano.

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1893 1894 1916

Mechanical Marvel Boilerplate was unveiled at the 1893 Columbian Exposition by inventor Professor Archibald Campion to “resolve the conflicts of nations without the deaths of men.”

Boilerplate served admirably in a series of conflicts including the Spanish-American War, the Japanese-Russian War, and World War I.

Boilerplate toiled in the service of men by assisting in Professor Campion’s voyage to the South Pole aboard the Euterpe. The expedition was the first (and last) robot-assisted voyage to the South Pole.

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