19th century Imperialism

Regions & CountriesRegions & Countries

Stanley Greets Livingstone “Doctor Livingstone, I presume?”

The “Opening” of AfricaThe “Opening” of Africa• Dr. David Livingstone - Scottish missionary

doctor; explored the African interior wanted to abolish the slave trade and convert the natives to Christianity

• Henry Stanley - reporter ; searched for Livingstone & spread word of Livingstone’s discoveries;

• King Leopold of Belgium hired Stanley to carve out a kingdom for him in Africa - Belgian Congo

• European exploration of interior

• European competition for ….

British Empire• The sun never sets

Ch 24 Reading guide 6-8

6) How did the weakening of the Mughal Empire contribute to British expansion in India?

7) How did the goals and policies of the “British raj” lead to the Sepoy Rebellion and how did the British respond politically and economically?

8) How did the goals of Rammohun Roy’s Brahmo Samaj and the Indian National Congress reflect the struggle of Pan-Indian nationalism?

India comes under British Rule

• The weakening of the Mughal Empire contributed to British expansion in India.

HOW?

Robert Clive in Bengal

British Raj• What were the goals and

policies of the “British Raj”?

Sepoy Rebellion• Why did the rebellion occur and what was the

outcome?

• What does this reveal about western attitudes?

Britain takes direct control

• How did Britain respond politically and economically to the rebellion?

Opium warehouse in India

Pan-Indian Nationalism

• What were the goals of the Brahmo Samaj of Rammohun Roy?

Indian Nationalism cont’d –Primary sources

• What were the goals of the Indian National Congress?

• Dadabhai Naoroji - became a British MP 1892-1895 – 1st Asian to do so

– “Founded” the Indian National Congress

• Bal Gangadhar Tilak - “Swaraj” –

– member of the Indian National congress 1890

British Empire grows even more

• How did wars with France from 1793-1815 help expand their empire?

– French Rev. & Napoleonic wars – Britain seized Dutch possessions (with Dutch permission)

– Congress of Vienna allowed British retention of British Guiana & Trinidad (Gulf) and Ceylon, Mauritius & Malacca (IO)

Cape Colony in Africa• How did British control of Cape Colony

lead to the Great TrekGreat Trek?

• Cape Colony Cape Colony South Africa South Africa• BoersBoers - Dutch farmers who settled in Cape Town

@ tip of Africa beginning in the 17th century/ also called AfrikanersAfrikaners

• AfrikaansAfrikaans - language of these Boers & descendants; based on Dutch

• Boers “enslaved” the natives

• 1815: British permanently given Cape Colony by Congress of Vienna

• British became a minority government over a larger white population, which was a minority population in Cape Colony!

• conflicts between Boers & British ensued:

• 1830’s British outlaw slavery & limited expansion

• Great TrekGreat Trek - Boers move in wagon trains north east & establish 2 new states: Transvaal & Orange Free State

• Boers won a war against the Zulu

• Eventually gold & diamonds were found in the new Boer states…

• Gold rush of British miners…

• Anglo-Boer War: 1899-1902• English went to war with the new Boer

states to get control of their GOLDGOLD and and DIAMONDSDIAMONDS

• British Won & 1910 unified all states into the Union of South Africa Union of South Africa (Cape Colony, Transvaal, Orange Free State, Natal)

• Created a minority white controlled society - eventually with very strict segregation (apartheidapartheid) laws - got worse after WWII

The Rhodes Colossus POV?

POV?

Continued British Expansion

• What factors encouraged the expansion of British trade 1800-1870?

– Growing industry – need for raw materials

– Increase in shipping – need for ports

• Clipper ships/ teak wood/ whaling

– Population growth – need for outlets

NEW Isolated regions drawn into trade:

• HawaiiHawaii

• AustraliaAustralia

• New ZealandNew Zealand

MoreColonization

New Zealand Hawaii Australia

Colonizing countries/ contacts/ influences

Purposes & methods/ benefits to imperialists

Impacts on indigenous peoples/

British in Australia & New Zealand

• How did the fate of the Melanesian and Maori populations compare to that of indigenous peoples of the Americas as a result of European contacts?

• How did British control in Australia and New Zealand differ from that in India?

• Why was the colonial change to indentured servitude successful after the end of slavery?– Poverty and turmoil in India, African

regions, China & Japan

– Contracts of indenture & aggressive recruiters

• Newspaper founded by Gandhi

• Concerned about mistreatment of indentured Indians in South Africa

Arrival of Indentured servants in Mauritius

Why did “the West” gain Why did “the West” gain increasing global dominance increasing global dominance

during this period?during this period?