r>00

DENMARKWITHOUTNUCLEAR POWER

About the campaign: j

On the following pages you can re»d the translation of the brochure the

OOA publisheđ in november 1979, The meaning of this brochure is to show

the population of Derunark that we can do without nuclear power and main-

tain the same standard of living. And to force the government and the

politicians to work out ̂ jgsrgyplans without nuclear power. Until now the

government refused to do so. .

A BROCHURE FROM THE OOA

About OOA:

OOA rneans: Organisation for Information about Nuclear Power and it is a

broadly based people's movement indepenđent of party politics.

Education about energy and opposition to nuclear power is the framework

of OOA~s activity. Our address is: OOASkindergade 261159 Copenhagen KTel. 45-1-110673 & 110973

Translators: Annette

Mike Webb

Jytte Laulund

first print: 500.000 pieces

second print:800.000 pieces

third print: 1.000.000 pieces

You can find further documentation about this brochure at the OOA,

but only In Danish. '* •' •• ••

If there are more things you"d like to know about this campaign or

other things concerning OOA, you can contact OOA udlanđs gruppe,

our foreign contact group.

( f r o n t s i d e )

PLAN MITHOUT NUCLEAR POHER

The majority of Danes are against nuclear power. Regardless of this, manystill ask themselves whether we can manage viithout it. More and more researcherssay we can. Nuclear power is not necessary. In fact, we manage better withoutit. This is what our pamphlet deals with.

ORGANISATION TIL OPLVSNING OM

ATOMKRAFTS FOLKEPJECE.

(ORGANISATION FOR INFORMATION

ABOUT NUCLEAR PONER.

GENERAL PAMPHLET)

DENMARK WITHOUT NUCLEAR POHER

We can say no thanks -

without miss ing anyth ing .

Demanđ of the po l i t i c ians :

"Plan ui thout nuclear p o w e r i

For a long time, OOA has been demanding energy plans without nuclearpovler. They should be worked out by experts who do not want nuclear power.The changing governments have not wanted this. They have only plannedfuture energy programa - WITH nuclear power.

The population's clear dislike has, up until now, prevented nuclear poverin Demnark. It is also obviously necessary to have public preasura as veli,•_•«before we get alternative energy plans. OOA has therefore embarked on a

large eđucational campaign. We vant to show that there are many possibilities

for an assured energy supply vithout nuclear power. Such a campaign is

a large assignment, but ve deciđeđ to taka the risk.

THE CAMPAIGN WILL REACH EVERV PART OF THE COUNTRY

We began by distributing this pamphlet in 21 municipalities - altogether

350.000 copies. At the same time, we offer/invitations to lectures,

films, exhibitions, etc. Our goal is that the pamphlet, and thereby

the campaign, should reach every corner of the country. Such a large effort

does, however, require financial contributions form many thousands of people.

If a majority in the parliatnent say "Yes" to nuclear pover, then the politicians

say we vili get a referendum. The Social Democrat - Liberal government has

also said that problema of reactor safety and vaste disposal should be solved

adequately first. This could easily take another 10 years. Possibly the problema

vili never be solved. The Social Democrats have, in addition, đemanded that

nuclear pover be economically justifiable for the community.

OOA is of the opinion, that it is now time to stop spepding 150 million kroner,

or more, each year in preparations for nuclear power. Let us use the money for

the development of other energy sources.

PRO-NUCLEAR PRESSURE

Tha electrical companies, the research station Rise) and others, will do a lot

in ordar to get the goverrunent and the parliament to say "Yes" to nuclear

pouer as soon as posslble. It could easily occur that a majority in the par-

liament, with a quick đaciaion, could declare that the problem vrith reactor

safety and waste disposal have been "solved". The referendum on nuclear power can

come more quickly than most peopl«. imagine.

THE CAMPAIGN COSTS MONEV

Thia Information campaign can not be carried out uithout help from

many, many people. On the baclc page of this pamphlet, you will find đifferent

possibilities far s'.'pporting this work. Can you help actively ? Can you do

without ten kroner or more ? Your help is indispensible '. You can take par t

in making sure "DEtMARK MITHOUT NUCLEAR POHER" reaches every bember of the

Daniah population. ¥ou can take part in keeping Denmark without nuclear

powar. -

Many know OCA from the extensive campaign over recent years. In August

1978, there were over 50.000 participants in the marches from Gyllingn*s

and Stevns. In spring of 1979, OOA also ̂ollected, in the time špan of

5 weeks, 312.000 signatures against the Snedish nuclear plant at Barseback,

which is only 20 km. from Copenhagen.

OOA'S GOALS

OOA's goals are:

I. A critical evaluation af ali problems and issues conncted with the

• use of atomic power —•

II. Increased research in and renewed evaluation of alternative

sources of energy.

III. Improvement of a long-term energy policy that considers both social

and ecological factors.

OOA'S ADDRESSES

National Administration: Skindergade 26, 1159 Kbh. K (01) 156332

COA-Shop in Odense: Sandergade 34, 5000 Odense. (09)146067

OOA's Energy office: N0rregade 31, 8000 Arhus C (06) 124544

OOA's Energy office: Danmarksgade 35, 9000 Alborg. (08) 163066

W.IA7 IS OOA ?

OOA oeans Organisationen til Oplysning om Atomkraft (Organisation for

Information about Nuclear Pover). OOA was established in January 1974. It

is a broađly based people's movement indepenđent of party politics.

Education about enargy and opposition to nuclear power is the framework of

OOA's activity.

Local OOA-groups are spread throughout the country. Here people. of widely

đifferent backgrounda paxticipate. Common to everyone is the belief that to

mak« an effort ia worthwhile. Information is tha key word. It is commucicated

thr'ough meetings,. ejchibitions and much more. Me issue printed matter, books,

newspapera. OOAs "Garantifond" (guarantee fund) is the econonic basis. Over

4000 people pay regular contributions.

ME CAN MANAGE EASILV MITHOUT NUCLEAR POMER.

It is said that "We can not manage wichout nuclear energy" and that

"We must choose betueen nuclear power and poverty". That is not factual.

It is nonsense. They are simply threats intenđed to frighten us into

aaying "Yes" to nuclear power.

INSECURITIES

•Nuclear power is a đangerous energy source. There are too many unsolved

problema. The risks are very large. But can we be uithout it ?"

Many think like this. They are unsure as to uhether we can manage without

nuclear energy. Can we produce enough energy if we say "No thanks" to

nuclear pouer ? Ves '. It nas been shovrn that we can. He also avoid a mass

of problem« if we reject nuclear energy.

NUCLEAR ENERGV - NO HELP THE FIRST TEN YEARS

The first nuclear plant would not be ready until the beginning of the

1990's, at the earliest. Furthermore, since nuclear energy replaces coal

and not oil, nuclear power can not solve proolems concerning the oil shor-

tages ona large haating bills anticipateđ during tne next 10 years.

ME HAVE O-1HER THINGS TO BET OB

Energy can be used much more efectively in order to avoid cuctensive

waste. We must see to it tnat ali the oil and naturai gas in the Danish

section of the North Sea be deveioped for tne benefit of Danish con-

sumers. Furthermore there are extensive possibilities for ranewable

energy sources.

1UE PLAN FOR 5 NUCLEAR POKER PLANTS

In Ia76 the Ministry for Commerce rnade an officlal energy plan. The

plan is an attempt to calculate how energy consumption will develope

over the next <!0 years (until 1995) - and which forms of energy are

to oe empioyed in ord«r to cover the need.

In the Fu.ru.atry for Commerca's anergy plan it is anticipateđ that 5

large nuclear planta vili be built. Oil consumption wlll be čut

•lightly. In return, coal consumption will increase and nutural gaa wili

be used. The reneuabl* energy sources - solar energy and wind energy

will only cover 4% of energy consumption in 199b.

ONE PLrtN - iiO CnOIlE !

The Ministry for Commerce's energy plan, hovrever, is a plan wlth nuclear power.

Neither then, nor now, has the goveriiment wanttd to mak e officiai

plans without nuciear power. Consequently, we do not have a variety of

energy plans to cnoose between. Therefore, if we decide that Oenmark

should not have nuclear power there is no plan for OenmarK's energy-future.

It was this unreasonable situation vhich in 1976 prompted a group of

researcners to make a proposal for an energy plan without nuclear power.

They called it "Skitse til en alternativ energiplan for Danmark" ("Outiine

ror an alternative energy plan for Denmark") . _.

THE ALTERNATIVE ENERGV PLAN

Tne alternative energy plan aasumes the same high level of economic

growth as tiie Ministry's plan. Expected energy consumption, however,

is a little less, due to the anticipateđ increased efficiency in energy

use. In tne alternative plan oil consumption is assumed to occur at the

level set out in the Ministry's plan. Less coal will be used but on the

other hand more natiurai gas will be employed. The use of renevrable energy

resources will maJce up 12% of total ćonsumption. The alternative plan

gives, in addition, more emplovment and orains uenmark's toreign exchange

reserves less than the Ministry's plan.

ECONOMIES - HHICH DO HELP

Since 1976 there has been an extensive examination carried out by Danmark's

Tekniske H0jškole (Institute ot Technology). The examination shows

tnat we can save tar more energy than tiie two energy plans count on.

.For example: future energy consumption in households can be reduced

to half of what it is today - and that is with continued economic growth.

The keywords are insulation, technical improvements and use of waste heat.

11 can pay to save in that way and it is something which gives a quick

bonus.

MANY POSSIBILITIES WITHOyT NUCLEAR POWER

The alternative energy plan showed that we can be without nuclwar pover.

The new examination from uanmarX's Tekniske Hejsitol« says we dan manage

with less energy than the alternative energy plan assumes. It is tnua

mada stlll clearer that we c!an be witnout nuclear power. Furthermore,

wlth less energy consumption there are more poasinilities to make plans

vithout nuclear power.

THr.RE ARE AT LEAST 13 GOOD REASONS TO SAV "NO THANKS"

The proclems ot nuclear power are not just concerned with nuclear wastes

or economies or security. The nuclear power problem, in reality, is that

there are so many problema with it.

NUCLEAR POMER WILL COME TOP LATE

It will tajce at least 10 years before tne first nuclear power plant can begin

to operate. Consequently, nuclear pouer can not help us out of the oil prob-

lema that we have now and wlll probaoly. get In the 80's.

NUCLEAR POKER REPLACES COAL - NOT OIE

The suitch by electricity plants from oil to coal as fuel is in fuli swing.

They anticipate that from the midole of the 1980's, U0% of their fuel will be

coal. Consequently, if nuclear power comes, it will be coal and not oil it

replaces.

URANIUM CRISIS IN 10-20 VEARS

The world4 quantity of uranium is not particularly large. The OECD anticipatej

that there is only enough uranium until about the year 2000. There could, in

fact, alreađy be a shortage of uranium during the 1980's. It can be difficult

to get uranium out of the ground qu±ckly enough.

EKTENSIVE PROBLEMS WITH GREENLAND'S URANIUM

There is uranium in Greenland. The quality, however, is very poor. It is also

difficult to extračt the uranium from the ore. It will not be known until 1982

uhether it is at ali possible to extračt Greenland's uranium. In any čaše, it

will be expensive. And who says the Greenlanders are interested in having a

uranium mine opened in their country ?

NEXT STEP - THE PLUTONIUM REACTOR

The nuclear pouer plants uhich nov exist utilise uranium poorly. Therefore,

it will not last more than a couple of đecades. It is quite possible to uti-

lise the uranium bettar. But then, one encounters the so-called fast breeder

radetor. A fast breeder reactor prođucea tons and tona af plutonium T one of

the most dangerous materials knovn. Just one two-millionths of a gram in the

lungs can produce lung cancer. It also takes only 5-10 kg. of plutonium to make

an atom bomb

NUCLEAR POMER DOES NOT GIVE A GREAT DEAL

Nuclear power only gives energy in the form of electricity. Around the year

2000 we can, with the 5 planneđ nuclear planta, meet approxi»ately 20% of our

energy consumption. The remaining 80% of our total energy requirements, will in

any čaše be produced from other energy sources.

NUCLEAR ENERGV IS TOP EKPENSIVE

It is expensive to builđ nuclear power plants. A single plant costs

5-7,000,000,000 kroner. On top of that, they do not make nearly as much

electricity as expected. They must often štand idle because of repairs or

because the security is not in order, Therefore, they have proven more—ex-

pensive to operate than was expected. New analyses from USA show that new nuclear

plants supply more expensive electricity than those fuelled with coal.

NUCLEAR POMER GIVES GREATER DEPENDENCE

Nuclear power is more than just nuclear plants alone. Uranium mines, enrichment

facilities, fuel storage and reprocessing installations, as well as waste storage

-are ali elements necessary to make nuclear energy. With each element we be-

ne more dependent on foreign countriesj more vulnerable.i

POOR FOR EMPLOVMENT AND THE BALANCE OF PAVMENT

Approximately 70% of a Đanish nuclear reactor must be bought from foreign coun-

tries. Therefore nuclear power produces a. large loss of foreign exchange and

very few Danish work opportunities. Figures from 1975 show that only l or 2 jobs

are created for every million kroner that is invested in nuclear energy. If one

million kroner is used for wind power, however, 8 to 10 jobs are created. If the

same money is used for insulation then 6 or 7 jobs are created.

THERE ARE NO GUARANTEES AGAINST ACCIDENTS

As many calculations about security can be mada as one likes. It can be claitned

as many t ime s as one likes that accidents can not happen. There is, however, no-

one who can guarantee against mistakes. Neither against tecnical nor human mis-

takes. This vas seen clearly with the accident on Three Mile Island near Harris-

burg in USA. ' •' •'•' . .

ACCIDENrS CAN HAVE CATASTROPHIC AFFECTS

A bad acciđent at a nuclear power plant can, on one hand, lead to many peopl«.

immediately dying of radioactive contamination and, on the other hand, to many\

thousands later getting cancer. In addition and enormous area vili be polluted

with radioactivity. Radioactively polluted areas are uninhibitable for many

years Into the future. It is also not known how they can be decontaminated again.

ME DO NOT HAVE BOOM FOR NUCLEAR POKER

Accidents can occur at nuclear power plants. Therefore nuclear power plants ought

not be built where there are many people living. Denmarlc is a small country

with many inhabitants. There is simply not room. for nuclear power plants.

THE KASTE PROBLEM IS STTU/ MOTrSOI.VgDr

It is a well-known fact that the radioactive wastes from the nuclear power

plants must be stored safely for hunđreds of thousands of years. No country

has found a safe solution - even though they have been trying for 30 years.

Electric power companies here say that they can find a solution before 1981.

Geologists say that it vili take at least 10 years for examinations. Furthermore

no one knovrs wheLher the results will be negativa or posittve.

ABOtJT USING COAL, OIL, NATURAL GAS - AND USING YOUH HEAD

There Is so much energy in the Danish section of the North Sea that by the

mid 1990's up to half of our energv consumption could be met with Danish

oil and natural gas. It is anticipated that «e have over 150 billion cubic

raeters of natural gas and over 100 million tons of oil in the Oanish

section ,of the North Sea. Furthermore, there is much to indicate that consi-

derably more could be found in the coming years.

DANISH ENERGV FOR DENMARK, THANK YOU

In reality Denmarlc is a reasonabl y good oil country. But - we do not

own either the natural gas ot -the oil. A.P. M011er, Chevron, Texaco,

and Shell do. These companies have only wanted to seli approximately

1/3 of natural gas in the North Sea to the Danish state. There has been no

arrangement vhatsoever as regards the oil. The companies can seli it

where the priče is highest. The Danish North Sea oil must be used for the

benefit of Danish consumers. A Danish government-ovneđ company could

ensure this, for example, by buying the oil direct from the drilling rig

and sending it ashore tnrough a pipeline. The government managed oil com-

pany could also buy direct from'the other countries which produce oil -

bypassing the large oil companies.

THE GAS SBOULD BE USED PROPERJLV

Natural ga» can bc u»«đ tn >any vay». The govemment is of the opinlon

ttiat a* auch gas a« possible should be uaeđ for heaters in the homes

of inđividual consumers. The gas can, however, be exploiteđ much better

in uall electricity plants close to reaidential areas. The waste heating

froa th« electricity placts-can then be uaeđ-to heat the-'houses. This saves

•nergy. When there is "no Bore natural gas, the PJtpes vhich carry the

hot watcr out of the houses can still be useđ, Tbat is, to transport

vater uhich is heated up by other energy sources - e.g. in large solar

h«at collectors.

COAL FOR MANY YEARS

There is enough coal for many hunđređs of years, if need be. Furthermore,

there are many countries which produce coal. There are, hovever, problems.

First of ali, many coal mines are dangerous; secondly, coal pollutes the

air.

COAI K1NES CAN BE MAPE >AFE .

As it is now, many coal mines are both dangerous and unpleasant places

to work. This does not have to be the čaše. In many countries'there

are many coal mines which are fully automatic and, therefore, far safer

to work in. Consequently the mines can be made safe, from the technical

angle. Hovever, it costs money. The problem is not technical, but economic

and political.

THE'SMOKE CAN BE CLEANED

Air pollution froa) coal š'moke consists, particularly, of smoke particles

and sulphur. Over 95% of smoke particles are removed today by filters.

A new type of cleasing installation .can also remove sulphur. This new in-

stallation was invented in Denmark and is, at the moment, being built

for an electricity planttin the USA. There are no plans, in Denmark, to

build these installations because it is not đemandeđ by the authorities.

12.

BETTER AND CHEAPER POWER STATIONS

A completely new way to burn coal nas been đeveloped. A power station

of this type is already in operation in Finlanđ and is operating veli.

The new type of power station has a long list of advantages: It is

cheaper to build, it makes better use of the coal and it gives off

almost no air pollution. An extra plus is that very lov quality fuel,

such as peat, can be used in this new tyt>e of power station.

COAL, OIL AND NATURAL GAS HITH MODERATION

When coal, oil or natural gas are burnt, carbon đioxide is oroduced.

Carbon đioxide is not poisonous but too much of it in the atmosphere

hovever, can possibly influence the climate. Therefore the use of

coal, oil and natural gas should not be overdone.

Natural gas will come to Denmark in a few years. First from West Germany.

By 1984 it will also come from the Danish sections of the North

Sea. Denmark will be connected t.3 the whole Continental natural gas

netvork.

A state controlleđ oil-pipeline can help assure that the oil from the

North Sea vili be for the benefit of the Danish consumer, A. F. M011er,

Chevron, Texaco and Shell have vanteđ to seli only approx. 1/3 of

the natural gas in the North Sea to the Danish state.

(brochure, page 4}•

ENERGV PLAM FOR 1975

Total: 250 mili. Gcal.

10 mili. Gcal.renevrable resources

Oranium(nuclear power)35 mili. Gcal

Hatural Gas40 mili. Gcal.

Coal50 mili. Gcal.

Oil115 mili. Gcal.

5,iWw?

61, f

SS,

Hinistry of Commarcaenergy plan frca 1976(reviseđ 1979)

Total : 231 m i l i . Gcal

renewable res

N a t u r a l Gas55 m i l i . Gcal

Coal28 m i l i . Gcal

Oil120 m i l i . Gca

The a l ternat ive enejg y p l a nfron 1976 (without nuclear p o w e r )

One Gcal . aquals one b i l i i o n ( U S ) ca lor ies equals 1 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ca lor ie sOne calorie is a sin? le uni t at e n e r j y

• In 1976, it was anticipated that 5 nuclear p l a n t s w o u l d be bui l tbefore 1995. Lit 1979, the p lan waa c h a n j e d . Now it is the opinion

that only 3 power plants ( n u c l e a r ) coulđ be a a n a g e d to be bu i l tbefore 1995.

ME CAN HAVE IT ALL - WXTH HALF THE ENERGV USE

There are great amounts of evergy to save without it being necessary to turn

down the flame. Energy consumption in households can be reduced to half

of what it is today. Energy must merely be used better. Households

account for approx. half of the total energy consumption in Denmark.

Many household appliances can be produced so they use much lass energy

than they do now. A good example is colour-TV. New models use only about

1/3 of the energy that the Ministry of Commerce in 1976 predicteđ they

would use. A teara of researchers from Danmarks Tekniske H<fij škole (Leccurer

J0rgen N0rgaard, Prof. Niels I. Meyer and others) have, amongst oth«r-

things, examined how we can save energy in households. Here is some of

what they found:

DOMESTIC APPLIANCES MHICH SAVE OVER 50%

Mio«,Refrigerators, freezers, and ovens are, in principle, shut boxes used in

order to keep the air much colder or warmer than it is outside. Usually,

neither refrigerators, freezers nor ovens, are particularly well insulated.

Just by usirej better tnsulation, electricity consumption can be reduced

by half. In adđition, refrigeration can be improved by installing better

compressors which can reduce their electricity consumption to less than a

third of current requirements.

WASHING MACHINES WHICH DO NOT SQUANDER

Mashing machines use a lot of electricity. By far the most energy goes to

heating the water. It is particularly important that the quantity of

water is reduced. A washing machine usually uses approximately 7 litres

of water per kilo of clothes. It is easily possible to make a machine

which uses only 4 litres of water per kilo of clothes. This cuts the

electricity consumption down 25%. Furtherraore, the raachines wash lust as

well. It is also possible to let machines take in warm and cold water.

It is far cheaper in energy to use hot water from district heating or

central heating than co heat it with electricity. These two measures

combined wou!4 recdUce the anergy consumption of washing machines by

more than half.

FULL FLAME IN LIGHTS - WITH 1/3 ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Soon a new type of light bulb will be in the shops, which give just as

rauch light as the old ones - with only 1/3 of the electricity consuraption.

THE ECONOMICS ARE ALL RIGHT

A lot of energy can, in fact, be saved by improving electrical consumer

appliances. Some of the new models will be a little more expensive than

the old. On the other hand, the electricity bili fališ so much that the

higher priče quickly pays for itself.

1/3 OF THE ENERGY COES TO HEATING

About 1/3 of Denmark's energy consumption goes to space heating. From the

technical point of view, this is one of the easiest areas to exploit energy

more e-f fectively.

In rečene years many people have also improved insulation in their homes,

fitted insulaced glass windows, and filled cracks and gaps, but there is

still a lot of energy to save. For example, the heat loss through a single

glazed uindou corresponds to the use of 60 litres of oil per square meter

per year. The heat loss through a double glazed window corresponds to 27

litres of oil per year, and through a triple layer glass uindow 17 litres

of oil pet year. Ali in ali, the energy consumption for heating in the majority of

older dvellings can be reduced by 2/3 if insulation is fitted in the best

possible way.

XEW BUILDINGS WITH HALF THE HEATING BILL

The insulation required by Iaw in new houses today is quite good but it can

get even better. Already so-called "low energy houses" are being built.

A "low energy house" is insulated twice as well as the building regulations

require. The heat consumedis only half as much heat as an ordinary house.

That is very important s inče such a big part of Denmark's energy consump-

tion is used for heating.

SOLAR HEATING MITHOUT SOLAR COLLECTORS

Houses can be built so they use solar energy better. The sunlight can be col-

lected and used for heating - without special installations.

A house can be built uith big windows facing the South and small ones

facing eh« North. The ualls can be made from heavy materials like bricks

and concrece. Sunlight through the big South facing uindovis will heat

the heavy materials during the day. During the night, this heat will be

released into the roonu. In order to keep ali the heat inside the house

the walls can be inculated on the outside and window shutteri can be put

up during the night. In that way the heating bili can be brought down.

House« of this kind have already been built in Denmark. They cost the

same a« norma l housea, and they uork veli.

MORE PEOPLE WILL GET JOBS

Better insulation means better houses. The employment situation will also

improve. It can ali be managed by Danish workers. Danish materials can be

used - and that will improve the Danish economy.

HASTED HEAT CAN BECOME HEAT AGAIN

In a typical powerplant 2/3 of the energy produced is lost as viasted heat...

But if the powerplant gets connected to a netvork of district heating,

the wasted heat can be used to heat houses. That already happens in some

places. But a lot of the big electrical Dlants are situated in smaller

tovms which do not neeđ so much heat. Therefore, new powerplants ought

to be smaller than the ones we have now. They have to be situated in the-

tovms which need the wasted heat. Many industries also produce a. lot of

wasted heat from their production process but this is being used only

in very few places.

A CAR THAT CAN DRIVE 30 KM TO THE LITER

There are three things that deciđe the fuel consumption of a car. The

weight, the air resistance, and the efficiency of the motor. Therefore,

many people are vrorking on making the cars lighter, diminishing the air

resistance, and improving the motor. A car which can drive 30 kilometers

to the liter nas already been developed. It is just waiting to corae onto

the market

HE CAN HAVE IT ALL - HITH HALF THE ENERGV CONSUMPTION

By themselves, ali these possibilities probably do not appear to be saving

much energy, but put together they can, in the future, bring down the

energy consumption on households to HALF OF WHAT IT IS TODAY. If we DO NOT

maka any effotrts today to reduce energy consumption in the househoLđs

it may very well rise by 100%. There is an incredible amount to be saved

if we really want to. These savings do not mean that living standards

will go down. On the contrary, it is assumed that private consumption

will go up.

pic 4 -

pic 7 -

• ic 11 -

.Vith oif windows or hot.hous's on the noutr. side ;-' the h-.'isa

tha siinli.^ht can V» used for heatin;?.

Tr.S'i: at j.in

3y efr'icient insul=tion our total heatir.,; ' consuiapt ion car. bersduced to 1/3 of vvhat it i- now.

Tnsulateđ ^lass units

.•inđoars wnich have got one layer of glass release heat corre-

sronding to 60 litrea of oil per square meter per year. If win-

dows wlth three layars of gl=s3 ara used 43 litr^s of oil ca.i

be Sived per squ .-ire meter.

Ilghting

-The r.emeat globea can-^ive. just as much light aa the old ones,

but -.vith only 1/3 of the electricity consumption.

Th*? refrii;arator and the freezer

3 - 5 ara more inaulation and a better coracressor reduce the

electricity consusation to 1/3.

Hffir'r.-T '"d ?lqctriclty fr".-n the same works

The "--u "e is beini- h^-.tad by wasted heat from a local el .:;; ri-ci cy ~-c,^.

The oven

3y ir.sulit ir.̂ tne ?ven h^.lf its enerjy consumrtion can be s' v<?d.

In l-

ty. ;

ar. : 1

wat ".r.

7b &n ordir. .ry col our TV used -\bout "50 watt of electrici-

lrea'iy today, TV sets are being made A'nicrt or.ly use loo *att3,

1 i • exo«ctea tnat this can ba rnduced to as littls sis bo.

Mghing machine

»a ;; r. i r..; a chines can be aiade so they only use h .If -is much energy.

?1o-, r hsating

Ploor heating ..'orks best =-.t modsrate watsr temceratures. Thi.;

ma.-c-̂ s it easiar to ars sclar co! lent .ira is a "5uprle::ient to dis-

trirt heating.

ž«all windo«3 to the north

«ir.i3«»3 '-icing th» north gat r.o sunlii-I-.t -i.il th-irefsr-J io r.ot

cor.^.-ih^tri t:, ':.•? haatin«;. The»y ou.^ht *; bo ::.ia'.l --mi h ve ji.ut t -r"-

*.":!::-. 'can ba olooe-l at r;i.;.-,t..

Jut'iie ir.sulation

«i tn o^tsiJe inrsu'. -t ion, heavy m.-t«r i . - i l s ins i- ie can be u.:eJ

to -iccuzulate h..at iarir:.i -.1-3 d .y and relea.Ttj Lt at ni.:r.t.

The car

Streaal ined cara w h i c h Ir ive approx. 30 kca to the l i t e r h;ive

r<!c»nt!y been d e v i j l o r e d .

ENVIRONMENTALL* COMPRTIBLE ENERGV THAT WILL LAST AND LAST AND LAST!

Sunshine is an energy source of nature and it will never run out - that is,

i f; is a renewable energy source. Every day the sun sends masses of energy

down upon us,much more than we neeđ. In the long term, it is the only stable :

energy source we know of. Solar energy does not pollute. And there will never

be a crisis of supply.

WE HAVE TRIED IT BEFORE

In Denmark it is traditional to use renevable energy. In the thirties for

instance, we had 30.000 windmills in use, mainly in farming. Today we are

starting to use renewable energy sources again. Solar energy, wind power,

and biogas are some of the possibilities.

MORE AND MORE SOLAR HEATING INSTALLATIONS

There are more than 1000 solar heating installations in use in Denmark and

more are being built. These installations are largely meant for heating

water during the summer months, in order to save oil. But uhat do you do,.

it you want to heat your house with solar heat ? The problem, of course,

is that the sun shines approximately 7 times more during summer than vrinter

and it is, as you know, during wiriter that heating is needed. Therefore,

it is necessary to store heat form summer to winter, if you want to heat your

house only by solar energy.

SOLAR HEAT CAN BE STORED

There is enormous research going on to đevelope storage systems for solar

heat. More and more methods are being tried. Hater has been found to be one

of the best materials for storing heat. The principle of heat storage is well

knovm from the thermos bottle. The bigger the Container the more heat it

contains

SOLAR HEATING DOES ALREADV PAY

In Sweden, researchers have built an experimental solar heating installation

which now produces 85% of-the heat for 50 houses. Furthermore, they are going

no build a solar district heating installation which is going to produce ili

the heating fpc iđore. than 1000 houses.The Svedish calculationg show thdt 30! ar

district heating is already economically competitive with ordinary distrtct

heating aad, as energy prices go up, the more profitable solar energy will

be. There are just as many possibilities for using solar heating in Denmark

as in Sweden. We must start now, and if we do, there will be good opportunitic-s

for Danish industry and also for exporting Danish technology

(brochure, pag e S)

SOLAR CEIXS WILL GET CHEAPER

By means of solar cells, tt is possible to make electricity directiy from

sunlight. Tha principle is known Erom light meters in cameras and from

photoalectric cella. TJie most important material for solar cells is siiicon.

Thia material is expensive and consequently solar cells ara too expensiva

to produca at tha present. But recently in the USA, a method to produce

siiicon for one tanth of the previous cost has been found. It is expected

that in 10-20 yeata, solar cells will become competitive.

PICTURES .

(I) An experimental solar district heating installation at Stuđsvik, Sveden,

has shown that solar district heating is economically viable.

(II) Lov energy houses with solar collectors, Skive, Oenmark.

SMALL KINDMILLS: A NEW TECHNIQUE

Small windmills suitable for a single house are starting up again. If they

are placed in an open area they can, in fact, produce electricity at a

competitive priče. But they are still not goođ enough. Primarily they are

not reliable enough. It is necessary to develope the old well knovm

technique further - and this has only just begun.

STORAGE OF WIND POHER

Nindmills can produce both heat and electricity. The problem with the

wind is its instability. There mu-st be a reserve of energy when the wind

is not blowing. It is possible to produce nearly a third af Denmark's energy

consumption with 2-3000 windmills such as the large one in Tvind. The existing

pouerplant, however, must be used as the energy reserve. It is necessary to

store energy if more than a third of the electricity consumption is to be

covered by wind power. This can, for instance, be done with compressed air

storage which is already known tođay or wlth a flywheel storage that is

now under development.

DftMISH HIND POWER AND NORMEGIAN HVDROELECTRIC POHER

In Swedenyprojects are being developed to get wind pover and hydroelectric

power working in tandem. When the Mindmills are producing electrlcity che

hydroelectric works stop, and begin again when it is not very windy. In that

way wind and hydroelectric power would be able to supply stabla electricity

production in Sweden. In the same way it is possible to imagine cooperation

between Danish wind power and the existing Norwegian hydroelectric works.

GOOD ECONOMV

Big windmills are being built here in Denmark, in Sweđen, in German-/, and

in USA.The calculations coming from abroad show that is is worthwhile to

build windmills of that siže..Both big and small windmills can be mass pro-

duced. That will make them cheaper and consequently wind pover will becoine

even more competitive. , ,,

FARM I MG AS AN ENERGV PRODUCER

Biogas is one kind of renewable energy which will soon start being used in

Denmark. Biogas is being produced in special containers which are lightproof

and airtight. Ran materials for this procesa are different sorts of organic

matarial such as manure, hay, remains form plants, and so on. The experienca

with builđing biogaa installations is still very limited In Denmark. It is,

however, a matter of a simple and straight forward process which wiU fit

well into the biological cycle of farming. In.the future, agriculture can

contribute to the production of energy to society and thereby improve the

economic situation.The warste from the biogas production is extremely good

as natural fertilizer for the fields.

FROM URANIUM TO PLUTONIUM - THE MOST DANGEROUS FUEL IN THE MORLD

There will be a shortage of uranium in a few decades. Nuclear power

plants will begin to run out of fuel shortly after the turn of the

century. The OECD f. ex. is not trying to hide this.

ALCOHOL REPLACES PETBCH.

Organic vita can also be used to produce alcohol and this replaces petrol

for cars. Alcohol can be made out of surplus hay, waste from forests, and wa-

st» from sugar factories and cheese production.

SUN, »IND, AND BIOGAS MORK HELL' TOGETHER

It is with the coobinatlon of sun, wind and biogas that advantages will

be especially big. Me will have to exploit the possibilities of them functioning

together in the further development of the renevable energy sources. We

vili have to use tha aun when the wind does not blow and vice-versa. We will

have to develop a svstem of storing energy. We must work out an energy

program uhich relies on many different possibilities and which will give

us a secure and safe - and in the long run - a considerably cheaper energy

supply. Technologically speaking, there are no long tena problema involved

with ali our energy consumption coming from renewable energy sources.

PICTTJRES

(III) When the wind blous, Denmark can supply wind generated electricity

to Morway. In return we can receive hydroelectric power during periods

when the uind does not blow.

(IV) The number of well functioning biogas installations in Denmark are

increasing.

(V) Experimental viindmill at Nibe built by the s tate.

THE FASTBREEDER REACTOR

There is, however, one possibility for prolonging the nuclear power

age. This possibility is the fastbreeder reactor. It is a new sort of

nuclear power plant which is presently under deveolpment. It uses

plutonium as fuel. While it is vorking it simultaniously generat^s

new plutonium. It makes the fuel "breed", so to speak. And that is

how it can prolong the nuclear age. That is, if they succeed in making

the reactor work. And if they dare use it at ali, since the fastbreeder

reactor is far more dangerous than the nuclear power plants that exist

today.

THE DANGERS OF PLUTONH3M

- Plutonium is incredibly poisonous - a few millionths of a gram in

the lungs produces cancer, ariđ a fastbreeder reactor makes several

hundred kilograma a year.

- You can make atom bombs from plutonium. 5-10 kilograma is enough

for one bomb.

- Explosions can happen in the reactor's cooling system because it

contains flowing sodium.

- The chain-reaction can get out of control,causing the reactor

to explode.

EVERVTHING AND EVERYBODY MUST BE CONTROLLED

If the power companies start using the fastbreeder reactor, there will

be very large amounts of plutonium to keep control of. It must under

no circumstances escape into the environment. And it must not fali

into the wrong hands. Therefore it will have to be closely juarded

and controlLed. TJh« employee3 at the plant must not be allowed to

make mistak.e3. They must be supervised continously. Ali transpor-

ta 11.0 n of plutonium must be grarded by police. The supervision and the

tension betueen countries uill get worse because the fastbreedar

reactor invites opportunities to make nuclear weapons.

THE PLUTOM!UM SOCIETVIt is a new type of society that is a consequence of fastbreeder reactors -

th* plutoniua societv. In the plutonium society we will have to live with

the threat of catactrophies. And with the fear of other countries or terrorist

group« Bkking nuclcar weapoos. Every day, the employeee at theae plants

vili have to live vith the risk of being contaminated. "We will have t-u put

up with a »upervision and u monitoring vhich is, at present, only known in

polic* ctates. To a great extent we will have to surrenđer ali responsibility

and decisionmaking to a small group of experts. There is no room for mistakes

in the plutonium society.

IP ME COMHIT OURSELVES TO NUCLEAR POMER TODAY WE WILL BE ON OUR WAY TOMARDS

FA5TBREEĐER REACTORS IN THE LONG TERH. THEREFORE NE ARE NOT TO LEAVE A

DECISION ABOUT THE PLUTONIUM SOCIETV TO A DI ST AUT FUTURE. HE HAVE TO MAKE

UP OUR HINDS TODAV!

PICTURES:

(I) Plutonium is not a natural substance. It is produced as a wasteprođuct

f KOB the operation of nuclear pover plants. Plutonium is radioactive and

incredibly poisonous. Just a few millipnth of a gram in the lungs uill

give lung cancer.

(II) It will be necessary to transport large amounts of plutonium from

the reactor to the reprocessing plant, and from the reprocessing plant

to the fuel factory, and from the fuel factorv back to the reactor. That

is in ali directions betveen countries. Evervvhere along the way accidents

can happen, releasing some of the poisonous, radioactive substances..

(III) Plutonium can be used as fuel in the fastbreeder reactors. A large

fastbreeder reactor can contain several tons of plutonium. That reactor is

faT more dangerous than the nuclear power plants we knou today- If the

chain-reaction gets out of control, the reactor might explode. If that

happens, enoraous aaountE of radioactivity uill spread into the surrounđings.

(IV) Plutonium can be used to make atom bombs. 5-10 kilograms is enough for

one bomb. The more plutonium they produce - and the more they have to car t

it around - the greater the risk that countries or terrorist groups will make

their own atomic bonbs

(brochure, page 11)

DENMARK HITHOUT N U C L E A R POHER

Solar power, w i n d power , bio-gas, geothermal energy, vave power .

The r e n e v a b l e energy sources are the on ly ones w h i c h can secure

a stable energy »upply in the future. There are no probleme with

vas tes , no dependency on supplie« and no f u e l pr ices that are

going up. A l i the o t h e r e n e r g y sources , o i l , g a s , coal and

u r a n i u m , v i l i e i ther come to an *nd or cause s e r i o u s p r o b l e m s .

T H I N K B A C K 50 V E A R S

D e n m a r k can become l a r g e l y s e l f - s u f f i c i e n t by m e a n s of r e n e w a b l e

e n e r g y f r o m about 2030. That is, in about 50 years . This is

accord ing to exper t s , and does not sound u n l i k e l y . J u s t t h i n k of

the t e c h n i c a l đ e v e l o p e m e n t s over the las t 50 y e a r s . W h o b e » i e v e d

in 1930 that today we w o u l d h a v e pocket s iže c o m p u t e r s ? Or w h o

w o u l d b e l i e v e that f o u r out o f f i v e D a n i s h f a m i l i e s v o u l d h a v e

TV? In 1930, the TV had not even come to D e n m a r k ; C o n e i d e r a l s o ,

the f a c t that we have doubled our oil consumption 20 times d u r i n c

the last 50 y e a r s . W h o was able to i m a g i n e such an e n o r m o u s

increase in the number of oil dri l l ing rigs, supertankers, pipt-

l i n e s , r e f i n e r i e s , power s tat ions, petrol s tat ions, e tc . .

THINK 50 V E A R S A H E A D

We f a c e an easier t a s k , i f đ u r i n g the next 50 y e a r s , we c h a n g e

over to renenab le e n e r g y s o u r c e s . We need not m a k e w o r l d v ide

n e t w o r k s for t r a n s p o r t and d i s t r i b u t i o n of energy . The t r a n s i t i o n

to r e n e w a b l e e n e r g y sources is something that m u s t ta'ke p lace

loca l ly . F u r t h e r m o r e , the t e c h n i q u e s a re k n o w n , they j u s t neeđ

to be nade cheaper and more e f f i c i e n t . T h i s can be c a r r i e d out

a t a s t e a d y r a t e w i t h o u t t u r n i n g e v e r y d a y l i f e u p s i d f - d o w n .

(brochure, page 11)

TMICB AS HIGH LIVIMG STANDARD IN 2030

Th« govcrnment has not nade plana to show how the transition to

r*n«wabl* «n*rgy sourcac can occur. The government has only nađe

•hort t«r» plani vith nuclear powcr. There are, however , others

who hav« >ade proposal* tor «nergy plani vithout nu'clear pover.

Th«y hav« »hovn that there are many choices'. ' One- example is the

snergy plan foz tbe year 2030 Dade by Bent Serensen from the

Ni«ls Bohr Institut«.

25

BENT S0RENSEM ANTICIPATES:

- that the standard of living could be twice as high as tođay.

' that heating will be by means of solar energy collectors.

- the fuel, for instance for cars, will be alcohol mađe from biomass.QW0

- that vrinđmills wiil be producing electricitjj *that electricity

will be exchangeđ for Norwegian hydro-electric pover.

'that v« vili use energy more efficiently.

In 2030, D«nnark's snergy consumption could be covered solely by

winđ pover, bio-energy and solar heating if we carry out the

above mentioned, according to Bent S*rensen.

WE BAVE LOTS OF POSSIBILITIES

Bent Serensen's plan is only one example. There are many other

thinjis we can also bet on.

WE CAN ČUT OUR ENERGY CONCUMPTION BY HALF BY USING THE ENERGy BETTER

NITHOUT CHANGING TBE STANDARD OF LIVING.

WE CAN HAKE ENERGY IN SOLAR CELLS.

WE CAN EXPLOIT THE EARTH'S NATURAL HEAT.

WE CAN USE OIL AND NATURAL GAS - IF THERE IS ANV LEFT BY THAT TIME.

WE CAN SUPPLEMENT MITH COAL, IF THAT IS SO DESIRED.

(brochure, page 11) n

Me must ourselves choose vhat our en«rgy future i» going to look

like. But if we are going to choose, we must know the diff«r«nt

energy choices. An official energy plan with nuclear energy already

exists. Nov the government must supply an official plan vithout

nuclear pover. The sooner ve start and the better we plan, the

»ore possibilities ve vili have.

pic l: Large windmills produce electricity for tovns and industry.

pic 2: Communal solar heating plants vith storage of hot vater,

supply residential areas vith heating ali year.

pic 3: Waste from animals and plants are turned into gas and

natural fertilizer in biogas plants. The gas can be used

for both heating and electricity.

pic 4: Small combined heating and electrical plants fuelled by

coal make up part of our energy supply.

pic 5: Electricity can also be prođuced in solar cells.

pic 6: Solar receptors on house roofs give heating and hot vater.

pic 7: Energy for many farms is generated from small vindmills.

pic 6:1 The future car drives further on each liter. The fuel is

alcohol made from biomass.

(brochure, page 11)

BENT S0REHSEN'S ENERGV PLAN FOR YEAR 2030 PUT IN RELATION TO

THE ENERGV CONSUMPTION IN 19781

total;126 mili. Gcal. total;

121 mili. Gcal.

waste:l »ili. Gcal.

oil:111 mili. Gcal.

coal:14 mili. Gcal.

1978

winđ pover:30 mili. Gcal.

bio energy:38 mili. Gcal.

solar heat:53 mili. Gcal.

2030

1) net energv consumption

TEN KRONER FOR DENMARK HITHOUT NUCLEAR POWER

"Denmark uithout nuclear power" is more than a pamphlet from OOA. It is also

a hope and the launching of an appeal. The money is going to be useđ for

continuing OOAs very extensive information campaign. We want to prevent

nuclear power. So we must generate confidence that we can secure energy.

supplies in other ways; That is why ve have made this pamphlet. We believe that

it'ought to be distributed among ali families in Denmark. That means, however,

we have to collect 2 million kroner.

SO WE ALSO NEED YOUR 10 KRONER

He have started sinmltaniously in 20 minicipalities. About 350.000 households

will receive a pamphlet and a pavment f orio. Frankly, we are asking for 10 kro-

ner for a Denmark without nuclear power. If we get euough cnoney, the campaign

will quickly spread from the original 20 municipalities to the rest of Denmark.

In order to be able to complete the campaign we will neeđ 200.000 individual

contributions. That is a lot! It is more then we believe we will get. Therefore

we hope that there are some who will contribute more than 10 kroner.

PRO NUCLEAR ADVOCATES HELP THEMSELVES

Electrical companies, Industriradet (industry committee), the research station

Ris0 and others do not hold themselves back. They spend large sums on adverti-

sing in favour of nuclear power. Naturally they would also like to diminish

the resistance to nuclear pover.before a referendum. Furthermore you pay for

the pro nuclear ađvertising regardless of vhether you are for or against it.

This is automatioally incluđeđ in your electricity bili or in your tax. OOA's

information about energy can only be carried out if we get sufficient voluntary.

contributions.

HELP US SECURE A NON-NUCLEAR DENMARK:

HAVE YOU HEARD ABOUT OOA' S GUARANTEE FUND ?

The guafantee fund is the economic base of OOA's information work, After a

small start in 1977, there are now a little more than 4000 members of the

guarantee fund. Many pay 25 kroner a guarter. Others contribute annually.

If there is going to be a referendum about nuclear power, we are going to need

a strong OOA. Having more members on the guatantee fund is one of the

means to strengthen OOA.