1970’s - 1990’s Cold War
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Transcript of 1970’s - 1990’s Cold War
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1970’s - 1990’s Cold War
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Detente
• After Khrushchev was ousted from power Leonid Brezhnev ruled as Premier from 1964-1982.
• His economic reforms continued the failure of communism, but he did adopt a policy of Détente (understanding) with the U.S. and Western Europe.
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SALT Talks
• SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) limited kinds of weapons and limited the development of anti missile systems.
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1979
• Two major events of the 20th century in one year!
• 1. The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan provoking a long war with serious long-term implications for several nations.
• 2. The Iranian Revolution and hostage crisis.
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Iranian Revolution• In 1979 the Ayatollah Khomeini
came to power in Iran. Islamic revolutionaries seized the U.S. embassy in Iran taking more than 60 Americans hostage.
• They demanded that the U.S. return the former leader of Iran (the shah) for the release of the hostages.
• They were released after 444 days.
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Ronald Reagan
• In 1980 a popular anti-communist was elected President of the U.S.
• He once called the USSR the “Evil Empire”, told Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall and planned to build a missile defense system he called “Star Wars”.
• Reagan is seen by many as the man who won the Cold War.
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Mikhail Gorbachev
• Gorbachev became Secretary General of the Communist Party in 1985. The Soviet Economy was in crisis and Gorbachev proposed sweeping economic reforms.
• He signed a treaty eliminating most intermediate nuclear weapons.
• He began a policy noninterference in Eastern Europe. (Gorbachev Doctrine)
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Fall of the Berlin Wall
• November 9th 1989 East Germany relaxed travel restrictions to the West and thousands of people gathered looking for a chance at freedom.
• By October of 1990, Germany reunited under a democratic government!
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Glasnost
• Glasnost was Gorbachev’s policy of openness with the hopes of ending the secrecy of Soviet life and government.
• People were allowed to publicly be critical and openly have opposing viewpoints. Banned music, books, and art would now be allowed.
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Perestroika• Perestroika (restructuring) of the
economy. Unlike political freedom economies take years to change.
• In August 1991 Gorbachev was ousted in a coup d ‘etat. Boris Yeltsin defied the takeover, kept the loyalty of the army and became a national hero. The people lost their fear of the Communist Party because it looked like a failure at even forced takeovers……
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Boris Yeltsin
• Yeltsin declared Russia to be an independent state, not governed by the communists of the Soviet Union provoking a swift breakup of the USSR and the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
• In 2000 Vladimir Putin won election as President of Russia. http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/fall-of-soviet-union
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Sources
• World History -McDougal Littell 2003• Let’s Review: Global History and Geography 5th Edition