1968 National Incinerator Conference 23

8/2/2019 1968 National Incinerator Conference 23

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INCINERATOR WASTE WATER

F. E MATUSKY

Quirk, Lawler& Matusky, Water Resources EngineersNew York, New York

R K HAMPTONHampton Equipment Co, Inc.

Garden ty New Yrk

ABSTRACT

The efent wate fom nneato pants s ontamnated by dssoved and sspended matte Teatment seqed to pevent pollton of steams and ndeondwate. The waste wate fom fve plants was nvestated

to establsh the amont and haatests of the ontamnaton Ths pape epots the fndns and sestsoetve steps.

NTRODUCTON

It s enealy eonzed that fly ash dshaed fomefse nneatos s a soe of atmosphe pollton.Anothe soe of polton may be the dshae ofwate fom esde qenhn and y ash onveyn. Ths

pape wll pesent the eslts of tests made at epesentatve nneato pants whh have vaos ate desnsand fly ash handln systems.

The plants ae epesentatve of those n ommon se.Fnae szes vay fom 90 tons/day to 250 tons/day wthtwo to fo fnaes pe plant.

Wate sampln was done dn nomal opeaton andno speal o advane note was ven to the opeatosThe analyses wee made by ndependent testn laboatoes. Ths s one of the few attempts made to test theeffet of nneato plants on wate pollton.

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LANTS NVESTGATED

Plant "A s a etana pant wth a manally ontoled hydalally opeated oke ate. The esdes dmped seqentally nto ash hoppes Resde sqenhed by means of manaly ontoled wate vaves

and spays. Rn of s aed by ppe to a sewe. In thsplant the fy ash s onveyed n a dy state by a vamleann system to a bn whee t s dmped detly ntoash tks

lant "B s eqpped wth a taveln ate wth esde ben ontnosy dmped nto a wate-led daonveyo ly ash s olleted by a dy ylone mehan olleto and onveyed dy by a sees of smal daht onveyos and dshaed nto the man esdeonveyos. Hee fy ash s mxed wth the esde andqenhn wate. The mxte of esde and y ash s

dewateed as t s daed p an nlned toh po todshae fo tanspot to a esde dmp.Plant " has la fnaes eqpped wth stokes

The esde s dmped peodaly nde mana ontonto wateflled esde onveyo tohs It s daed pan nlne whh dewates the esde and dshaes t totks Fy ash fom dst oletos s dshaed nto awatelled smp and s then pmped to a fll aea. Theseonday ombston o expanson hambe has a wetbottom whh ollets the y ash n that aea. Ths hambe s dewateed and the fly ash pmped dety to the


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ah lagoon The oveow fom the edue conveyough dchage to a common ump that alo collectah fom the dut collecto Th plant equppedh bole and the dut collected n the bole bottom nto a wet ump fom whch t flow nto the comn umplant "D a plant wth ocke gate fo contnuounng The gate dchage contnuouly nto a dage edue conveyo Sftng fom the gate fall nto a

ugh equpped wth lucng nozze whch conveyng nto the conveyo tough contnuouly Fly ah lected n wet bottom n the expanon chambe andeodcally uhed nto the edue conveyo The

te fom the conveyo tough oveow nto a econdettlng ban paalle to the man edue conveyo

ugh The wate oveow fom th econday ban

o the ucton of hgh peue pump fo ecculatonthe nozzle n the ftng tough t alo ued toh out the expanon chambe Except when fluhngytem dchage vey lttle wate to the ewe Thedue and y ah ae dewateed a they go up the n

ned dag conveyo

lant "E a plant equpped wth a ecpocatngoke bunng contnuouly Redue dchaged connuouly nto a dag lght type conveyo n a watelledough Fly ah luhed peodcaly nto the conveyoough The ftng fom unde the gate ae emoved

anually and dumped nto the edue conveyo tough aed ae Oveflow fom the edue conveyo daged to the antay ewe ytem

FNGS-,.ICKE TYP AT

I- E

FURNACE

ASH QNG R

=_- H ETUCK

G 1 L

QNG WTDISCHG I

99

, STACKDRY CLONE

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a (4NA W \0VLI T UL

I /H A LO G

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DR US

HMRGE T AN

IRLAURC

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K

u,p SMP

FL H 10 l 4DU H

I'F"I VY

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ERAED

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FAE

ROERGRATE

WAER

TER TO -SIINGSTR

WAR O OMTIONHAMBR FLSINGNOZZES

REDE GVEOR

FY A SETIG BASNAND OVEOR

G 4 D D


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TSTS OF WST WTR

In the past 25 years, here has been an impetus to reawaste from the industrial processes as well as the residential community. Incinerators are a process operaion conducted by communities and indusries and as such are

being reviewed by cognizant agencies for use in the disposal of the polluion discharged in he iquid wastestream and other efuents. The various tests tha havebeen developed for the invesigation of pollution havebeen derived from long experience wh sanitary sewagewaste These tests are ofen applied to industrial wasteeffluens as a frst approach in measuring pouionaleffects Over the years, as knowledge developed regardingspecifc waste characteristics from indusrial discharges,addiional tess have been developed. Basically, however,evaluation ofprocess wastes wbe based on ests originatingfrom sanitary sewage experience Many tess aresimple in concept hough no necessarily simpe in appicaion Some of the measurements tha are taken to determine a waste's characeristics and which wll be described are:

Temperaure Dissolved oxygen (DO) Biochemica oxygen demand (BOD) Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Hydrogen ion concenration (pH) Akainiy Solids ests

OdorTemperature often is not appreciated as a cause of po

lution Its efec is reated to the air (source of oxygen)absorbing characeristics of water. Less air wll dissolve athigher temperatures Wastes discharged a elevaed emperaures may cause a decreas in the avaiabiliy of oxygen and so temperatures may become a poluional characerisic in itself

Dssolved Oxygen (DO) presen in waer has a directeffect on fish and microbia life At ambien emperaures(68 F), cean water wll hold in solution abou nine parts

per million (ppm) of oxygen About ve ppm of oxygenare necessary to suppor fsh life. Complete depeion ofoxygen in a given body of water wll reduce is ability tocope with polluion by a factor of ten Poluted water,lackingoxygen, will produce ofensive odors and oaingsludges DO may be directly measured with elecrodes orindirectly by chemical means

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a test used odetermine the effec of a given wase on a sreams oxygen balance. This tes was deveoped from early experi-

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ments hat showed organic wastes woud stabilize undercerain conditions wthout causing ofensive problemsThe est involves competey flling a 300 m bote, witha wase tha has been dilued with a welaerated mineralized waer, and incubating a 20 Cfor fve days. Themeasure ofoxygen change is he BOD in ppm. Sewage

BOD vaues are abou 250 ppm.Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD es was devised osupplemen the timeconsuming fve day BOD test Itmay be run in an hour's ime and is roughy related oBOD.

Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH) is a measure ofacidity or basicity The vaue is reported as the numberwhich is he negative exponen of hydrogen ion concenration in an aqueous soution. In neutral water the valueis seven. This is he reference poin and readings lowerhan seven represent an acid condition, while higher readings indicate a basic condiion.

Alkalinity is the property of waer to absorb acid andi is measured by is reactiviy wth calcium carbonaeequivalent

TotalSolids are deermined as he residue upon evaporaion and drying under controed conditions of temperature (103 C), and are repored by weight

Suspended Solids are ha porion of otal solids whichoccur in suspension rather han in soution

Settleable Solids are deermined by a mehod adoptedin sewage reamen pracice. The waer under examination is paced in a one iter graduaed glass ofconica

shape, and aowed to stand for 30 mintes The amountofmaterial that setes is repored as percent setteabesoids on a voume basis This tes is also made on a weighbasis In this case, maeria is alowed o stand for 45 minutes in a cylinder, and he maerial which setes is separated, dried, weighed and reported in miligrams per ier(mg/l)

Volatile Solids are an indicaion of he organic constiuens in residue and are determined by subtractionafer elevaing he temperature of the residue o 1800 Fin a laboratory furnace o nd he amount of inert ma

erial.Odor. An empirical mehod for classifying odor bycomparison wih standards terms is in use Classifcaionis made by raing on a scale of one to ve as folows: noodor, very faint faint, disinc, quite disinc, and verysrong Various characteristics are reported, such as aromaic, burn, chorine, musy, moldy, sulfureed, andso on

These are some of he tess ha are empoyed incharacterizing wase water The ess imply the problem


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as, such as depletion of oxygen and deposition ofids Waste water efects as identied by tests mosten occur simultaneously. As an example if the maials deposited are organic they may impose a demand

the dissolved oxygen in the water in a particular areausing a localized drop of DO resulting in lower quality

the future downstream use of the water and to theal use of that water by aquatic life.

CONVENTIONAL WASTE TREATMENT (SEWAGE)

The entire issue in waste water treatment is that wennot economically or conveniently dispose of largeantities of waste water Therefore treatment to re

ove the small amount of offensive materials becomes

cessary A typical waste water may have only 0.1 pernt by weight of pollutional material.Sewage wastes when treated beyond simple physical

paration of oating and settleable solids normally inves biological processing A typical plant would havetling tanks and a method for contact of wase withcteriological growths which may be attached to adia or in a detached system. Trickling lters are sys-

tems in which the slime is attached to stones and thewaste is passed over the attached biological slime. Theactivated sludge process is a detached contact system inwhich the biological slime is passed through tanks and

reacted with the waste held under aeration. Aeration hasa twofold function; one is to cause mixing of tank contents to initiate contact with the slimes the air also supplies oxygen needed for metabolism of the organism involved in assimilating waste from the mixture. Finalsettling separates the biological materials from the treatedwater. The function of the biological system is to convertdissolved materials in water into biological cell material(water and various gases which may be readily removedfrom the system).

CHARACTERSTCS O NCNERATOR

WASTE WATER

Water emanates from an incinerator at several pointssuch as the fly ash handling system various sluicewaysand the residue quench system. Incinerator operationsalso require washup water and ushing of wet scrubberswet bafes wet bottoms and settling chambers Thiswater must be disposed of to sewers or streams

TABL 1

CHARACTRITC OF INCINRATOR WA WATR

urce

erwage

ineraor Wases

h hopper Ash disposal

goon

sidue conveyor

sidue conveyor

sidue Conveyor

sidue conveyor

Odor

04M

3M1M

2S

2M

3M

3M

1S

M - Moldy

pH

706.8

72

73

116

46

64

S - Sufreted

Alalinityppm

50100

50134

424

330

410

201

Total SolidsSuspended Solids Five Day BODTotal Volatile% 20 C

ppmppm ppm

100 10 trace 2500 300 50 200

1327 69 70 70011846 1 31 3.2

9580 13 24 54

1830 236 71 618

6302 56 78 750

45 47 560

14 43 605


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Typical was analyss mad in h plans which wrdscrid arlir ar prsnd in Tal 1 or purpossof orinaion som avrag valus for rivr war and forswag hav n includd.

In h ypical rivr odors ar ngligil p is gnrallyaround svn alkaliniy runs aou 50 ppm oal solids

aou 100 ppm suspndd solids aou 10 ppm wih onlya rac of volail solids Th vday BO will wo ov ppm ighr valus of BO indica pollud condiions

Swag would hav a disinc odor gradd aou fouron h odor scal of on hrough v wih a musy omody scn Th p may ihr acid or alkalin Swag has a high uffring capaciy and can asor largamouns of acidiy or alkaliniy Comparing incinraorwass o h ypical swag i is sn ha h odorcharacrisics ar aou h sam n h al "M

dsignas moldy and h odor scal rangs from on ov Valus of p vary wih sourc ocaion wihin hincinraor sysm Valus of p in h rsidu convyors rang from a low of46 for incinraor "A o avalu of 116 for incinraor "B Wih h aid of hincinraor diagrams i is possil o s how hs valusar inluncd y h racion of minrals rsuling fromh urn ou. Wood rsidu is alkalin u h gas srammay hav signican hough small amouns of suphurdioid which racs wih moisur o form suphurousacid and caron dioid and war form caronic acidThrfor dpnding upon h amoun of h nrain

mn of h gas in scru war i is possil o hav ihran acid or a asic racion in h rsidu convyor Ohrgass may also influnc h rsuls

Alkaliniy rangs ar highr han ha for swag. Thisindicas ha rsidu has a capaciy o asor acid fromh gas sram. Th svral rous ha gas sram acidsmay ak ar: nry o a w oom pansion chamror nrainmn on a w af or w cyclon or ohrscruing dvic which no only rmovs pariculamar u also scrus h gas sram

Toal solids as pcd ar high in rsidu convyors

and y ash handling sysms ranging from 1300 o12,000 ppm or 0 1 prcn o 12 prcn Suspnddsolids howvr ar low hrfor mos of h marialis dissolvd issolvd marials ar diffcul o sparaSom of h solids in h suspndd solid porion could rmovd y quiscn sling whras dissovdmarial would rquir a chmica or iochmical procsso ffc sparaion from war.

Th iochmical oygn dmand for incinraor waswar is gnrally lss han ha of swag BO valus

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wr aou 700 ppm from a variy of urning quipmn. Thr dos no sm o a corrlaion wnh yp of urning quipmn mployd and h BOpickup in h was war for h incinraors invsigad.nuiivly a good urn ou should produc a rsiduwhich would hav a lowr BO racion owvr such

opraing facors as opimum loading and lngh of imof war sorag in h various w ons inlunc BOpickup Ths facors wr no valuad in his sudy

Th amoun of war usd o qunch rsidu rangdfrom 350 gallons pr minu o 800 galons pr minual of his war is no ncssarily dischargd o was.Thr ar sysms in opraion which rcircula war forrus. Qunch war rducion was ampd in on insanc y achqunching rahr han coninuous qunching This rsuld in h ash unnl ling wih sammaking i impossil o coninu work. Ms opraors

nd i ncssary o allow qunch war o run coninuousy rgardlss of qunch sysm. Equipmn could dsignd o prmi achqunching hry rducingqunch volum Rgardlss of qunch sysm h volumof war circulad hrough rsidu sysm was found o aou h sam. owvr h volums dischargd fromincinraors varid markdly.

Sing pass sysms usd mor war han rcirculadsysms. Toal rcircuaion dos no appar o fasiwihou lraion sinc hr wil a uildup of suspndd solids which do no sl and clogging of nolsand pumps may occur.

Rfrnc is mad o h saniary analysis of h wasin incinraor "A W amind rsidu convyor waswar y ash disposal was war and agoon waswar ly ash and rsidu convyor was wars wrmid and daind prior o ovrflow ino h rcivingwar was found ha y ash had an pcd low BOof32 ppm. Th BO of h rsidu convyor war was750 ppm owvr whn h rsidu convyor war waslagoond wih war usd o ush y ash an apprciarducion in BO was osrvd. Th rducion was nonirly plaind y h diuion ffc A dni sai

liaion was occurring wihin h lagoon wihou hproducion of ovious odors or ohr nuisancs.

To furhr osrv his fc a sampl of h rsiduconvyor war high in BO 750 ppm) and yllow incolor was collcd and allowd o sand in a warm rooma ighlycappd quar jar. Such an nvironmn shouldlnd isf o anaroic dcomposiion wih concomianvoluion of gass such as hydrogn sud carondioid and mhan Th pcd gas voluion did nooccur. If h was was swag w would hav had a dis


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trato of t wat wt 1 to 4 our T uct apl wa orvd for tr ot wt o o

rval acato or dtctal odor, otr ta taractrtc urt odor Coor td to a vry lt

raw ylow, ad wt t woud av dappardtrly A tt for BOD o t apl, wc ad atal BOD of 75 pp, dclod tat t ad talzdo a pot wr t owad a BOD of 3 pp Tr

ot a lo t w copard to wa tratt proc wc occur x to t our Nol, t vaual to kow tat o a or odor volvdur talzato T ay partally xplad y

ac of prot t rdu Bcau of t larrcta of papr product tat ar cratd, tdu caroydrat Caroydrat rak

ow to t orac acd ad alcool wc turcopo to carodoxd ad watr Prot, wcccur wa, dcopo aarocaly to trod ufur copoud, o odorfrou Trvato ut tat t ay pol to trat rt wat fro crator wtout cau u

acT rt rqurt for trat crator watr

at would to fct a rducto of wat watrcrculato ay lookd to for zt

out of watr dcard Avalaty of lfcla

r ad trar would prt d of yt foratr ruO of t crator wa apld day for o

prat wk (x day) Tt wr ad for odor,kalty, p, total updd old, volatl old advday C BOD Gra apl wr tak out of tt otto o Moday trou Saturday Odor of coquc wa ot foud; t wa caractrzd a ltly

ufurttd T p crad fro 61 o Moday to65 o Saturday tal alkalty o Moday wa 76

p, o Tuday 3 pp, ad cotud to cl to pp Tr wa o cotuou ovrflow of

atr o alkalty wa flucd y t akup watr ct of akup watr wa orvd t ca

updd old wc tally wr 15 pp ad dropd to 3 434 1 38 uqut dayolatl old followd t a pattr, ra 36rt, 5 prct 4 prct, 76 prct, 4 prctd 73 prct T BOD for t prod wr 9 435535 158 ad 357 pp

T apl wr rtad at roo tpratur forprod of 5 day ad t rttd At t d of trod odor cad to ltly uty for ac ap

vau of p wa aout 8 ad alkaty vard 768464969 36 pp BOD valu ra: 165

3

3426 151 T dcra BOD wa tordr of 9 prct

Tr ar crator tat do tor watr ad t oftco odorfrou T poty of cotroll odor

y ccal a wa vtatd May wa tratt plat av ad fort to cotrol odor prolwt ccal Tr xt a utatal aout of u prooto ad at l ccal for cotrolodor fro atary ladl ad wa tratt patoprato So of t ccal wr ttd All oft ccal ad t ct o t trlzato ofactra rpol for odor producto Fld xprcwt alo (clor, odofor), cloropy adpol wr ot atfactory cau ofucoocaldoa rqurt ad poor rtto t wat

watr ytU of quatrary aou pat copoudd

fro low purty ptroccal a ow o rtad ay prov uful clod yt T ccala a rtto ad ca copoudd fro lowcot atral t a ow pro w appld to arcrculatd yt av t caractrtc p of 785clord of 6 pp, total old of 4 pp, volatlold of 58 pp, xd old of 1 pp, COD of19 pp ad a BOD of 71 pp T watr a owa clor dad of 645 pp To ploy clor to

cotrol odor t yt would cot approxatly$5 pr day ad o a 35 allo pr ut (p)low U of quatrary aou pat would cot$8 pr day owvr, t cot ad o purtyatra wc d ot ployd a cratorxpv uppl ay dvlopd vtato arcotu wt odor cotrol c cotrol appar cary wt rcrculatd quc yt

SUMMRY

1) Wat watr aat fro crator ar ufctly pollutd to rqur tratt pror to dcar to

tra) Watr corvato y ru ad provd rdu

quc dcatd a a for z tprol

3) Watr ru wll rqur trato ad rcrculatoyt

4) Odor cotrol ay acvd y cca trlzato of clod watr yt

RRNCS

[1] Standard Methods fo the Examination of Water and

Waste-water, 12th Edition, Amercan Pubic Hal Association,Inc. 1965.

1968 National Incinerator Conference 23

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Transcript of 1968 National Incinerator Conference 23