1965 - January
20
Transcript of 1965 - January
DAWN Volume No. 14 Serial Ab. I
JANUARY, 1965
A MONTHLY MAGAZINE PRODUCED BY THE N.S.W. ABORIGINES WELFARE BOARD
THE BOARD CHAIRMAN Mr. A. G. Kingsmill (Under Secretary and Permanent Head of Chief
Secretary’s Department)
Professor A. P. EKm, M.A., Ph.D. (Emeritus Professor of Anthropology at Sydney University)
Mr. J. Buck, Assistant Comrdssioner of Police, Police Department Dr. A. Douglas, M.B., C.H.B., D.P.H., D.T.M. and H., R.C.P. PL S. (Metropolitan Medical Officer of Health) Mr. A. Ferguson. Mr. J. Morgan Mr. J. T. Purcell (Chairman of N.S.W. Housing Commission) Mr. R. A. Smee, B.A. (Commonwealth Department of Labour and Xational Service) Mr. V. J. Truskett, B.A. (Assistant Director-General af Education)
VICECHAIRMAN
MEMBERS
SUPERINTENDENT Mr. H. J. Green
SECRETARY Mr. J. D. Giblett
WELFARE OFFICERS SENIOR WELFARE OFFICER, Mr. T. It‘. Humphreys, Dip.Soc.Stud. ARMIDALE: Mr. D. G. Yates. BOURKE: Mr. N. R. Luschwitz, Miss N. Ladd. DUBBO: Mr. H. S. Kitching. KEMPSEY: Mr. L. B. Cowley. LEETON: Mr. S. Lambeth. LISMORE: Mr. E. .J. Morgan, Miss C. J. Robison. MOREE: Mr. A. L. Thomas. NOWRA: Mr. D. J. Reynolds, Miss H. Southwell. SYDNEY: Miss A. M. Flrming, Miss R. Hudson.
F. O’Sullivan, Chief Secretary’s Department, 121 Macquarie Street (Box 30, G.P.O.), SYDNEY.
EDITOR
Youth Council’s Sixth Project for Aborigines
First “ Seeing Eye Dog ” for Aborigine . . Another Six Boys Start Training at Steelworks Board Member is Promoted . . . . . . Camp Children’s Teeth ‘‘ Above Average ”
Evonne Builds Up Fine Tennis Record
I N THIS ISS UE Two Aboriginal Schools are Closed . . . .
I 50 Children had a City Holiday . . . .
Felcia Corowa Plans Higher Study . . . . Bringing Up Your Child . . . . . . 6 Reasons for Drinking Milk . . . .
Pete’s Page . . . . . . . . . .
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It’s a Fact . . . . . . . . . .
Rhonda Represents Aboriginal Citizens . .
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Jennifer Hoy (9) of Armidale and Audrey Welsh ( IO) of Goodooga take it O UR CO VE R easy between games. A feature of all the camps is the organisation of games throughout the day on the few free days the children haue in the camp. See story page 9.
D A W , J a n w j , 1965
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NEW PRE-SCHOOL
- With a little over a week to go before the hand-over ceremony, work progress is on schedule. This view of the centre is the south-eastern aspect
Youth Council’s Sixth Project for Aborigines For the sixth year running, Christian Youth Council
members have erected voluntarily a building to assist the Aboriginal people of this State.
In the past five years, the Christian Youth Council nembership have used their labour to build five homes in various country towns and cities.
This year, the Council members built a pre-school centre at Greenhill, near Kempsey.
As in the past, the men and women of the Christian Youth Council gave up several weeks of their summer holidays to do the structural ~70rk for the building.
In each case the Aborigines Welfare Board has contributed an estimated cost of the materials.
For the pre-school centre at Greenhill, the Board contributed the sum of &2,000.
The Christian Youth Council generally provides most of the skilled and unskilled labour for the job.
At Greenhill, as in other instances, local tradesmen and business houses assisted the project with work and supplies.
In the past five years the Christian Youth Council has built homes for Aboriginal families in Lismore,
Coff’s Harbour, Kempsey, Dubbo, Inverell and Gilgandra.
The Greenhill pre-school centre was officially handed over to the State Secretary of the Save the Children Fund, Mrs. G. Hunt, in the middle of January.
The Mayor of Kempsey, Ald. R. G. Melville, who was chairman at the function, commended the Youth Council members on giving up part of their holidays to work on the project.
Youth Council leaders Mr. Geoff Chaffer and Mr. Peter Donnelly thanked Kempsey people for their fine hospitality and Mr. Bannerman for the use of a washing machine:
Mrs. Hunt thanked the Youth Council and all concerned with the completion of the project.
The building comprises 15+ squares and was erected at a cost of approximately &6,000.
Mr. G. Hunt, architect for the building, thanked local tradesmen, many of whom were present, who had assisted with supplies and in other ways.
They were Mr. Melville (bricklaying), Mr. W. Haydon and Mr. Bourne (timber), Mr. Packwood (plumber),
DAWN, January, 1965 I
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A workman checks the circular steel forming
for correct position prior to concreting for
the septic sewerage system on the site
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A smiling group of young ladies pose for the camera at the hand-over ceremony. A great number of the local children helped in small ways during the construction
DAIVN, Janriary, 1965
NEW PRE-SCHOOL
Mr. R. Rudder (electrician), Mr. Secombe (Schroder’s), Mr. Ralph Richards and Butterfield Brothers.
In the absence of the President (Mr. A. H. Hermann of the Kempsey Branch of the Fund) the speaker was Mr. Percy Chisholm of East Kempsey School.
speeding up arrangements for the erection of the building.
Mrs. E. Potter (secretary) and Mrs. B. Appleby (treasurer) were present.
Others present were Mrs. R. G. Melville, Mr. W. D. Neil (Inspector of Schools) and Mrs. Neil, Miss Beverley Henwood, who worked as a member of the Youth Council, Mr. and Mrs. L. Collar, Rev. R. M. Williams, (Kempsey
~i~~~~ and M ~ ~ . ~i~~~~ ( K ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Salvation A ~ ~ ~ ) . The Branch thanked Kempsey Council for Presbyterian Church), Mr. David Fry, and Captain N.
Following the handing over ceremony a short dedication by Rev. william Gait of
Mr. L. B. Cowley, Aborigines Welfare Officer at Kempsey spoke on behalf of the Aborigines Welfare Board.
ceremony was Kempsey Methodist Church.
Youth Council members-men and women- working on the latter stages of the new pre- school centre at Greenhill, near Kempsey. They gave up their holidays to work on the project
Mrs. A. H. Hermann who is a qualified teacher has been officially appointed as teacher at the Pre-School by the Save the Children’s Fund.
DAWN, 3anuarv. 1965 3
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Work almost completed, except for finishing off operations which are being undertaken here. This view is the north-western aspect of the centre
NEW ?RE-SCHOOL
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At the handing-over ceremony, ’ Peter Donnelly, Work Camp
Building Supervisor, presents a hammer to Gordon (Jim) Jack for his tireless voluntary service dur- ing the construction of the pre- school centre
Two Aboriginal Schools are Two aboriginal schools on the South Coast will not
reopen after the I 964- I 965 summer holidays. The two schools have been closed with the approval
of the Department of Education and the Aborigines Welfare Board, and the children concerned transferred to public schools.
The schools closed are those at Roseby Park and at Wallaga Lake.
The children from the Roseby Park school will be enrolled at Nowra Public School, and those from Wallaga Lake will be transferred to Bermagui Central School.
About 20 children were enrolled last year at the Roseby Park school and about 25 at the Wallaga Lake school.
The Aborigines Welfare Board has agreed to bear the fd l cost of transporting the children from their homes to their new schools, over and above the subsidies to which their parents are entitled.
The cost to the Board will be about g870 in one year. The Board has agreed to meet the extra cost of transport to the parents concerned for the first three years following the transfer.
Wallaga Lake is nine miles from Bermagui, and Roseby Park is 16 miles from Nowra.
The Aborigines Welfare Board has also agreed to meet a similar charge on parents of children from the Aboriginal schools at Burnt Bridge and Green Hills, near Kempsey, who are now attending public and de- nominational schools in the town of Kempsey.
Students at fifth and sixth grades at the schools at Burnt Bridge and Green Hills have been travelling to Kempsey for the past year.
The Board last year closed the school at the Kinchela Boys’ Home, and the children now attend school in Kempsey.
Since the early 1940’s the education of Aboriginal children has been the responsibility of the Department of Education.
The Department’s policy is to close Aboriginal schools wherever possible and to enrol the children in the nearest public school.
The Aborigines Welfare Board is in complete agree- ment with this policy and it assists if required in the matter of transport of the pupils from its stations and reserves to the public school.
In general, the only Aboriginal schools now hnctioning are isolated from the nearest public schools in towns.
Percy Bamblett, a 19 years old Aborigine from Gilgandra, who has been blind for seven years, can now “see ” again.
Percy has not had his sight restored, but he has just returned to his home in Gilgandra with a seeing eye dog whose name is Ivy.
Percy ‘‘ won ” the dog and the right to be trained at the seeing eye dog school in Melbourne, on a television show.
He is believed to be the first Aborigine in Australia to use a seeing eye dog. Percy spent six months at the school in Melbourne.
There he learned upholstery and other crafts, and braille, the system by which blind people can read.
His stay at the home where the school is, was subsidised by Gilgandra Apex, with assistance from Mrs. Edna McDonald, a councillor of Gilgandra Shire.
At the moment, the Bamblett family-Percy’s parents, and four brothers and sisters-- are living in a home in Gilgandra built by members of the Christian Youth Council using materials supplied by the Aborigines Welfare Board.
A new and bigger home is at present being built for them by the Board in Gilgandra. It is being built by the Housing Commission and should be ready in a couple of months. The people of Gilgandra have rallied to Percy% plight.
In a leading article shortly before his return to Gilgandra with his seeing eye dog, the Gilgandra Weekley said: “ As an Aborigine, he has to face the apathy and indifference of many of his white brothers, and indeed the shiftlessness of many of his own colour.
“ These are problems enough when possessed of all faculties. Blind, they can multiply to large proportions.
“We suggest that the people of Gilgandra will lend a helping hand to Percy Bamblett on his road back and help him where possible with any problem.”
DAWN, 3-9 1965
First “Seeing Eye Dog” for Aborigine
5
Another Six Boys
Start Training
at S tee1 w or ks
Another six Aboriginal boys have taken up apprenticeships at the Australian Iron and
This brings to nine the number of Aboriginals now undergoing apprenticeship training
Stories on the first three, Allen Ballangarry, Douglas Carroll and Trevor Donnelly, appeared in July Dawn.
The six to join A.I.S. this year are Eric Ardler from Nowra, Terry Bellear from Mur- willumbah, Maurice Duroux from Grafton, James McLeod from Nowra, Lester Mercy from Maclean, and Wallace Randall, also from Maclean.
The master of apprentices at the steelworks, Mr. N. Todd, said the boys had been selected by the Commonwealth Employment Service in conjunction with the Aborigines Welfare Board from a number of applications.
Steel Pty. Ltd. at Port Kembla.
Five of the six intake of Aboriginal apprentices for 1965 at the Australian Iron and Steel Pty. Ltd., Port Kembla, arrive at Wollongong railway station. Left to right are Terry Bellear, Maurice Duroux, Wallace Randall, Mr. D. J. Reynolds, Aborigines Welfare Officer at Nowra, Lester Mercy, Mr. D. Carrick, Senior Employment Officer, Wollongong, Eric Ardler and Mr. N. Todd, master of apprentices at A.I.S. James McLeod, the sixth apprentice arrived later
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The choice of the boys was based on educational qualifications and other considerations. All were required to be of intermediate certificate standard. He said the boys would do metal and moulding, boilermaking and fitting and turning.
Mr. Todd said it was the policy of the A.I.S. to take in a number of Aboriginal apprentices each year.
The scheme started last year when four boys were taken on. Three of them were still at the steelworks and doing exceptionally well. He said they were above average in both ability and aptitude.
Mr. Todd said he found the boys adapted themselves to the work much more quickly if they had an opportunity to visit the steelworks previously.
A.I.S. had adopted a policy of bringing boys from nearby areas to visit the training centre before they commenced work. All the boys will live at Karingal hostel owned by the steelworks.
Of the three boys who have finished their first year apprenticeship at A.I.S., two, Allan Ballangarry and Trevor Donnelly are doing the boilermaker course, and Douglas Carroll is an apprentice moulder.
Of the six " new boys ", one, James McLeod, started a week late because he developed a foot infection at his home.
Douglas Carroll, one of the three 1964 apprentices at A.I.S.
spent two weeks at the Elanora summer camp
organised by the Aborigines Welfare
Board this year, helping Board officers look
after the children there. Douglas, who had a
good pass in his moulding course at the
Technical College is pictured here
discussing his career with the Vice-
Chairman of the Board, Professor A. P. Elkin,
and another Board member,
Mr. A. Ferguson
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Mr. J. H. Buck, who represents the Com- missioner of Police on the Aborigines Welfare Board, has been promoted one of three IS Assistant Commissioners of Police.
Mr. Buck, who held the rank of Superin- PROMOTED tendent, has been a member of the Board for more than two years.
Nearly all his police service has been in country districts, and mostly in the west and far west where he is particularly well-known.
Mr. Buck accompanied other members of the Aborigines Welfare Board when they
visited the Elanora summer camp early in January.
During the Board members' inspection of the camp, he took time off to entertain the children at the piano.
Mr. Buck particularly sought out children from Wilcannia where he once served as a police sergeant, and where one of his sons now lives.
Here he is pictured with the five Wilcannia children at the camp. They include Dawn Martin (g), Douglas Young (g), Bruce Johnson (g), Alan Quayle ( 1 1 ) and Colin Harris ( I I ) .
DAWN, january, 1965 8
Little Sonia Thaidy from Cootamundra Girls’ Home, spent part of her Christmas holidays in Sydney. She found time to visit Santa Claus during her stay. Sonia was one of 17 children from the Home who had a holiday for a fort- night in Sydney. They were billeted in private homes in Sydney
Y
ildren Had a City Holid About 150 Aboriginal children from the country had
holidays in Sydney this summer.
Of the total, 86 were at the Aborigines Welfare Board summer camp at the Methodist War Memorial Youth Centre, Elanora Heights.
Another 45 came to the metropolitan area from Kempsey district and were billeted in private homes.
From the Cootamundra Girls’ Home, 17 girls were brought to Sydney and were billeted privately.
The summer camp at Elanora was one of the most successful yet organised by the Board, and the camp has been booked again for the 1966 summer holiday.
The camp began on Sunday, January IO, and originally it was due to end on Thursday, January 2 I . However, it was prolonged until Sunday, January 24.
The children went to the theatre, on a wonderfbl picnic to Pittwater organised by the Pittwater Rotary, to Luna Park and to the Hurlstone Park ice skating rink.
The ice skating was one of the late items brought on to the programme when the camp was extended from January 21.
Pittwater Rotary hired a launch to take the children on a cruise of Pittwater, one of Sydney’s loveliest stretches of water.
This branch of Rotary also organised a screening of the Ben Cropp film on underwater fishing and sharks, which has not yet had a general release.
The boys and girls went to the Tivoli and to St. James Playhouse for a performance of “ Hullabaloo Belay! ”
which is to go on a country tour of New South Wales starting in March.
The Amalgamated Engineering Union organised a beach picnic for the children on the first Sunday in camp, and this was widely televised in Sydney.
DAWN, January, 1965 9
CITY HOLIDAY
Films were screened at the camp by the British and Foreign Bible Society and the Commonwealth Savings Bank.
The camp was run by the Nowra Welfare Officer, Mr. D. J. Reynolds.
IVith them were Miss C. J. Robison (Lismore), R4iss N. Ladd (Bourke), and Miss R. Hudson (Sydney), all welfare officer?.
Taking a spell in the shade from a ball game are Keith Ryan (11) of Warren, Bruce Turnbull (9) of Bourke and Bernard Waters (13) of Boggabilla
Doug Carroll, one of the apprentices at the Australian Iron and Steel Pty. Ltd., Port Kembla, helped throughout the duration of the camp. Very great assistance was also given by Mrs. Welsh from Coonamhle and Miss L. Foster, from La Perouse.
The visit to Sydney by the Kempsey children was organised by the Kempsey Aborigines Welfare Committee, whose secretary is Miss B. Henwood. Thc Aborigines Welfare Board paid most of the children’s fares.
Right: The Vice-chairman of the Aborigines Welfare Board, Professor A. P. Elkin and the Superintendent, Mr. H. J. Green, inspected facilities during the visit to the camp by the Board. Here they are looking over the girls’ accommodation
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Right: Marjorie Warraweena (12) of Bre- warrina and Jennifer McEwan (13) of Warren, about to kick off
Below: Three Moree boys, Bill Copeland (.IS), Paul Ravenau (1.1) and David Craigie (12) limbering up with the vigor0 ball
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Camp Children's Teeth "Above Average"
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The boys and girls attending the Aborigines Welfare Board Camp at Elanora this month had teeth well above the average compared with a similar age group of children in New South Wales country towns.
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This was the finding of the dental officer who examined the teeth of all the children at the camp.
He found that 37 of the 86 children at the camp needed no dental treatment whatever.
Those children whose teeth did require attention were given a form setting out the treatment needed, to be handed to their parents.
The dental examination is a regular feature of the summer camps, and this year's report is one of the best yet.
No dental treatment is given at the camp. The visiting officer's duty is confined to examination and report to the parents where necessary.
The children attending the camp ranged in age from eight to 13 years.
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Two of the children to have their teeth checked at the Elanora summer camp this year were Patricia Firebrace (12) of Griffith and Martin Luther (11) of Goodooga. The dentist, Mr. Wilkinson, is pictured making the examinations in a room of the dining and amenities block at the camp
They came from all parts of inland New South Wales.
On the back of the form setting out the treatment needed is the following notification:
'' Your child's teeth require immediate dental treatment. Delay may mean injury to his or her health in addition to further decay, pain and extra expense. You are urgently advised to consult your family dentist.
'' Please remember sugar, sweets, biscuits, cakes, pastry, white bread, ice blocks, ice cream and soft drinks cause dental decay. These should be reduced to a minimum and not eaten at all between meals, that is at recess, after school, etc.
" As far as possible meals should consist of milk, meat, fish, vegetables and fruit, wholemeal bread and whole- grain cereals, butter or margarine, nuts and dried fruits.
" After eating, the teeth should be cleaned immediately. If this is not possible, a piece of fruit and or forcible rinsing of the mouth with water is beneficial.
"Ask your dentist about the benefits of fluoride treatment in preventing dental decay."
The dental officer who examined the children this year was Mr. R. L. Wilkinson of the Division of Dental Services of the Department of Public Health.
The usual medical examination at the camp was carried out again this year by Dr. Amy Clark of the Department of Public Health.
DAWN, 3nnuary. 1965
I
tvonne Builds Up Fine
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Evonne, then 12, pictured after her first big win in Sydney last year
Evonne Goolagong, the 13 years old Barellan girl, who is described as one of the most exciting girl prospects in Australian tennis, has put more titles behind her in her flashing road to success.
During the holidays this month, she won the New South Wales country under 15 singles and doubles at White City, the principal courts in Sydney.
At Naremburn, a Sydney suburb, she won the Northern Suburbs under I 5 singles and doubles and at Canterbury, she won the New South Wales hardcourt under 15 singles and doubles.
Now she has set her eyes on the New South Wales lawn under 15 singles and doubles titles in May.
Evonne has excited tennis commentators whenever she has played in the big tournaments.
Famous former American tennis star, Maureen Connolly, who had to leave the game after a bad road accident, said in Sydney this month that she was keen to help coach Evonne even only for a day or two.
Playing in Sydney this month, Evonne was partnered in all her doubles titles by Frances Luff, another promising country girl from Gundagai.
D.4TVX, January, 1965
Tennis Record
Last year when only 12 years of age, Evonne jumped into prominence by taking the N.S.W. country under I 5 singles giving away up to three years to her opponents.
Evonne is coached in Sydney by Vic Edwards, who has handled many of Australia’s great players.
While in Sydney she stays with the Edwards family at Roseville, and has partnered Mr. Edwards’ daughter, Patricia, a number of times.
Vic Edwards’ forecast about Evoniie Goolagong is that she has all the ability to become as great a player as Margaret Smith, currently Australia’s finest woman tennis player, and probably the best in the world at the moment.
After her succession of victories in Sydney this month, the Sporting commentator of the Sydney Sun wrote of her : ‘‘ The improving, almost stroke-perfect Aboriginal giri has a court temperament which is an example to all.”
The commentator added: “ Evonne’s next visit to Sydney will be in the May holidays when she is almost certain to take two great steps on the road to Wimbledon by adding the New South Wales lawn under 15 singles and doubles titles to her long list.”
13
Felda Corowa
Felcia had an Aborigines Welfare Board bursary to take her through the Intermediate which she gained in 1959.
Her bursary to the Leaving Certificate standard was assisted by the Waterview Group, in Seaforth, Sydney.
Her success means that 12 boys and girls have passed the Leaving Certificate assisted by bursaries from the Board. Six of these successes have occurred since 1960, and Felcia is the seventh girl among the 12.
Notable Success
Another notable success for an Aborigine this year was the pass by Charles Perkins, of Sydney, in his Arts course at the University of Sydney.
Charles Perkins, now 28, had a good pass in his second year of the three years Arts course. He gained a credit in Social Theory and a pass in Government and Anthropolgy .
Mr. Perkins gained his matriculation for University entrance after only one year’s private study in 1962.
Felcia Corowa Plans Higher Study Felcia Corowa, of Tweed River High School, the girl
who went back to school to get a better pass, succeeded in the 1964 Leaving Certificate.
In 1963, Felcia passed the Leaving Certificate with A’s in English and biology and B’s in modern history and geography.
With this pass however, Felcia did not matriculate, which is the standard for University entrance.
She decided to return to school in 1964 for another attempt, and this time she matriculated.
Her results in the 1964 examination were A’s in geography and biology and B’s in English, modern history and general mathematics.
Felcia, who is 17, lives at Fingal Heads, Tweed River.
Felcia has been offered a Teachers’ College scholarship by the Department of Education, however she has not yet made up her mind on what course to take.
She is determined to pursue her studies at a higher level.
Charles Perkins
DAWN, January, 1965
Bringing UP Your Child
6 REASONS FOR DRINKING MILK
(Contributed by the N.S. W. Department of Public Health)
There is much more to bringing up a child than seeing he has enough food to eat, clothing to wear, and the proper schooling.
A child is born without any sense of right or wrong. He does not inherit habits, either good or bad. I t is from the parents that a child learns what is expected of him and how to distinguish between good and bad habits and right and wrong behaviour.
The character of a child is moulded early in childhood. The earlier he is given understanding the better the chance of developing good mental health. Let’s look at the eight needs that have to be met in all children.
LOVE: the feeling that his parents love him no matter what he does.
SE(XJRITY: the knowledge that he belongs; that in his home he is secure and that when he needs them, his parents will always be there to help.
PROTECTION: the feeling that with his parents he is safe from harm. That he will always have their help in facing new problems.
ACCEPTANCE: the belief that his parents like him for himself, just the way he is.
INDEPENDENCE: the knowledge that his parents trust him to do things €or himself and by himself and have confidence in his attempts to develop new abilities.
GUIDANCE: the example set by adults that it’s possible to live in harmony with others.
FAITH: the belief that the human values are worthwhile and that there are moral standards that he must observe.
DISCIPLINE: the knowledge that there is a limit to what he is allowed to do and that his parents will be consistent in applying this limit.
If you want to obtain a copy of these basic needs you are invited to write to the Department of Public Health, 52 Bridge Street, Sydney for the brochure “ The Needs of Children for Mental Health ”.
(Compiled by the Nutrition Section of the Department of Public Health.)
Recommended amounts; A d d s at least 2 pint; children I-I$ pints; adolescents I+ pints and in pregnancy and lactation 14-2 pints.
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Milk is rich in proteins of high biological value. That is, milk could supply all the proteins necessary for life, full growth and vigour. I t is especially valuable as a supplement to the cheaper but incomplete proteins of bread and cereals.
Milk and its products are the only rich sources of calcium among foods. A certain amount of this mineral is needed even by adults for strong healthy bones and teeth, and in larger amounts by the growing child, the adolescent, and the pregnant and lactating woman.
Calcium is present in milk in its most assimilable form, and one pint will supply seven-eighths of the total daily calcium, considered necessary for the average adult.
I t would take 26 eggs, 14 lb. of beef or 3 lb. of green vegetables to supply the same amount of calcium.
As regards economy of nutrients no other food scores so well in so many respects and it is almost impossible to equal it by any combination of other foods. Therefore it should be considered a necessity and not a luxury in even the lowest cost budget.
Dried skimmed milk contains all the most valuable nutrients of fresh milk, that is, in the protein, calcium and B. vitamins.
The carbohydrate of milk, lactose, is readily available as a fuel food, and the fat is in a finely divided or emulsified form, so that it is digested with great ease, completeness and comfort.
In reasonable amounts, milk is not fattening and it is essential in the reducing diet where the amount and variety of foods is cut down and care must be taken to supply only those which give the best value in proteins, minerals and vitamins. It is not milk, but the excessive use of sugar, sweets, sweetened beverages, cakes and biscuits that causes both overweight and dental decay.
I t is equally nutritious taken in any form, and lends itself to a great variety of different uses. For example, in coffee, cocoa or other beverages, in savoury soups and sauces and in milk puddings and desserts such as custards, junkets and ice cream.
IT'S A FACT
So sensitive is the bat's hearing that it can dodge wires no thicker than human hair. A night flyer, it emits o high pitched cry lor shove the human range. It's highly sensitive ears pick out echoes bouncing off an obstruction or an insect prey, The bat knows which to avoid and which to attack.
The cultured pearl is one of Japan's lorgest export items. The industry was developed in Japan and is still practically Jopon's alone. However, the .industry is largely dependent upon the United States not only because the United States buys over half of the pearls produced but because a satisfoctory nucleus of the pearl, the pigtoe mussel, is found only in the lower Mississippi River valley in southern U.S.
Since the earliest times man has believed that the Spring awokening of plants ond animals was due to the return of warmer weother. Only i n recent years have scien- tists proved that light not heat is the timing factor. Temperature is variable but light,the length of each doy,has been the same for millions of years. Both plants and animols hove responded to tests using artificially lengthened or shortened doys despite the seoson of the year.
The pineapple is a delicious and fragrant fruit native to tropical America. Dis- covered by early Sponish explorers it has been grown ,successfully in Africa, Aus- tralia and Hawaii. The greatest pineopple growing area is Hawaii which .supplies most of the world's canned pineapple. Pineopples don't ordinarily produce ,seeds and must be grown by planting the leafy crown an top of the fruit.
Japan imparts thousands of tons of pigtoe mussel, a member of the clam family, which when crushed into little balls is the most successful nucleus or " irritont" for creating cultured pearls. Inserted into a live oyster the irritont causes the oyster to secrete a liquid that coats and enlarges the obiect thereby farming o pearl.
Specially selected host oysters are taken from quiet bays in southern Honshu, Japan. In a laboratory they ore delicately opened and the tiny shell inserted, then the oysters ore placed in wire baskets ottoched to rafts and lowered to the bottom of protected bays olong the coast. The process tokes from three to eight years. Twenty percent of the oysters produce no pearls and few of the rest produce flawless gems.
16
Carol Wetherall (12) of Collarenebri, and David Johnson (9) of Wilcannia, were sitting on a railing at the Elanora summer camp reading a comic when Dawn’s photographer found them
Hello Kids,
I hope you all have read the story in this issue of Felcia Corowa, from Tweed River on the far North Coast of New South Wales. This very attractive young lady passed her Leaving Certificate in 1962, but because her pass was not good enough to get her into University, she decided to go back to school for another 12 months and get the standard of pass she needed. Everyone will be glad that she succeeded. Her determination really has opened the door of opportunity for her.
Congratulations will also be extended to Charlie Perkins who got such a good pass in his second year at the University of Sydney. Charlie is well known as a leading Soccer player -in a big Sydney club. At the age when most young men are thinking only of earning their living, Charlie settled down and in one year’s study at night, he gained his Leaving Certificate and University entrance when he was 26.
We hope next month to be able to tell you about another Aborigine, a country lad who is doing well in a good job in Sydney.
More and more young Aborigines are showing their worth in school and in jobs and setting an example for others, white and Aborigine to follow.
At Port Kembla, in the giant steelworks at Port Kembla, another three Aboriginal boys have got on well in their first year apprenticeships in important trades. When they are finished their time, they will have skills that will bring good money for them throughout their adult life.
Many of your boys and girls who were at the summer camp at Elanora in January will have met one of the apprentices, Doug Carroll. He is a fine fellow, and did a splendid job at the camp.
Cheerio till next month. Your sincere pal,
DAWN, Jamary, 1965 Sydney: V. C. N. Blight, Government Printer-1965
