1959: Secondary school pupils 1959: Secondary school pupils were tested with more tests than were tested with more tests than

ever before.ever before.

““Millions of test scores were recorded in one way Millions of test scores were recorded in one way or another.” (Harold Seashore, 1959).or another.” (Harold Seashore, 1959).

Standardized testing has become a Standardized testing has become a most heated political debate in most heated political debate in

education.education.

Fact: “Standardized testing are constructed Fact: “Standardized testing are constructed through teacher’s perceptions - thoughts, through teacher’s perceptions - thoughts, feelings, beliefs - of them as they interact with feelings, beliefs - of them as they interact with the test and its discourses” (Segall, 2003).the test and its discourses” (Segall, 2003).

Standard Test ScoreStandard Test Score

““A number that A number that indicates the percent indicates the percent of a systematic of a systematic sample from a sample from a defined domain of defined domain of tasks which an tasks which an individual has individual has performed performed successfully” Ebel, successfully” Ebel, 1962).1962).

Standardized test scores should be Standardized test scores should be utilized as a basis for determining utilized as a basis for determining

school/teacher effectiveness.school/teacher effectiveness.

Directs educators to pay attention to the Directs educators to pay attention to the reasons of why students do not learn.reasons of why students do not learn.

Demands for a full-bodied curriculum Demands for a full-bodied curriculum that is deeply textured, rich, and that is deeply textured, rich, and relevant.relevant.

Schools: Professional Knowledge Schools: Professional Knowledge LandscapesLandscapes

““A lens through which A lens through which the influence of an the influence of an accountability system accountability system on a school context on a school context can be considered can be considered from multiple from multiple perspectives” (Craig, perspectives” (Craig, 2004).2004).

ReferencesReferencesBrace, D.K.(1941) Brace, D.K.(1941) Studies in the rate of learning gross bodily motor skillsStudies in the rate of learning gross bodily motor skills . American Associated for Health, . American Associated for Health, Physical education, & Recreation. Peer reviewed Journal. Database: EBSCO host. Retrieved 09/19/07 from Physical education, & Recreation. Peer reviewed Journal. Database: EBSCO host. Retrieved 09/19/07 from website: website: http://epnet.comhttp://epnet.com

Craig, C.J. (2004). The Dragon in School Backyards: Craig, C.J. (2004). The Dragon in School Backyards: The influence of Mandated Testing on School Contexts The influence of Mandated Testing on School Contexts and Educators’s Narrative Knowing. and Educators’s Narrative Knowing. College of Education, University of Houston, Houston, TX. Teachers College College of Education, University of Houston, Houston, TX. Teachers College Record, Vol. 106(6). June 2004. pp.1229-1257. Peer Reviewed Journal. Database: EBSCO host. Retrieved Record, Vol. 106(6). June 2004. pp.1229-1257. Peer Reviewed Journal. Database: EBSCO host. Retrieved 09/19/07 from website: 09/19/07 from website: http://web110.epnet.comhttp://web110.epnet.com

Ebel, R.L. (1963). Ebel, R.L. (1963). Content standard test scores. Content standard test scores. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 22(1), 1962. pp. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 22(1), 1962. pp. 15-25. Peer Reviewed Journal. Database: EBSCO PsycInfo. Retrieved 09/19/07 from website: 15-25. Peer Reviewed Journal. Database: EBSCO PsycInfo. Retrieved 09/19/07 from website: http://epnet.comhttp://epnet.com

Jacobs, L. (1971). Jacobs, L. (1971). Biophysiologic development and evaluation of intelligence. Biophysiologic development and evaluation of intelligence. New York State Journal of New York State Journal of Medicine, Vol. 71(13). July 1971, pp1627 – 1631. Peer reviewed Journal. Database: EBSCO PsycINFO. Medicine, Vol. 71(13). July 1971, pp1627 – 1631. Peer reviewed Journal. Database: EBSCO PsycINFO. Retrieved 09/19/07 from web site: Retrieved 09/19/07 from web site: http://web110.epnet.comhttp://web110.epnet.com

Segall, A. (2003). Segall, A. (2003). Teachers’ Perceptions of the Impact of State-Mandated Standardized Testing… Teachers’ Perceptions of the Impact of State-Mandated Standardized Testing… College of College of Education, Vol. 31(3), Sum 2003. pp. 287-325. Database: EBSCO Host. Retrieved 09/19/07 from web site: Education, Vol. 31(3), Sum 2003. pp. 287-325. Database: EBSCO Host. Retrieved 09/19/07 from web site: http://web110.epnet.comhttp://web110.epnet.com