19.5 China: Reform 19.5 China: Reform and Reactionand Reaction

CSTs 10.9.4, 10.10.2, CSTs 10.9.4, 10.10.2, 10.10.3.10.10.410.10.3.10.10.4

1966 Mao begins the Cultural 1966 Mao begins the Cultural RevolutionRevolution

GOALS: To rid China of anti-GOALS: To rid China of anti-revolutionary forces who want to revolutionary forces who want to modernize the economy.modernize the economy.

OUTCOMES:OUTCOMES:– Economic, political, and social chaosEconomic, political, and social chaos– Increased opposition to radical Increased opposition to radical

communismcommunism– Increased opposition to leadershipIncreased opposition to leadership

Mao ZedongMao Zedong

1971 Zhou Enlai invites 1971 Zhou Enlai invites American table tennis team to American table tennis team to

tour China.tour China. GOALS: To end China’s isolation and GOALS: To end China’s isolation and

form ties with the West.form ties with the West.

OUTCOMES:OUTCOMES:– It ushered in a new era of Chinese-It ushered in a new era of Chinese-

American relationsAmerican relations– Led to cultural exchanges, limited trade, Led to cultural exchanges, limited trade,

and formal diplomatic relations.and formal diplomatic relations.

Zhou En Lai and President Zhou En Lai and President Richard NixonRichard Nixon

1978 Deng Xiaoping launches 1978 Deng Xiaoping launches a bold program of economic a bold program of economic

reforms.reforms. GOAL: To improve China’s economy with his GOAL: To improve China’s economy with his

Four ModernizationsFour Modernizations reforms which called for reforms which called for progress in agriculture, industry, defense, and progress in agriculture, industry, defense, and science & technology.science & technology.

OUTCOMES: Generally Successful.OUTCOMES: Generally Successful.-Increased food and industrial production-Increased food and industrial production-Raised the standard of living, but widening -Raised the standard of living, but widening gap between the rich and the poorgap between the rich and the poor-Exposure to some Western ideas of capitalism-Exposure to some Western ideas of capitalism-Welcomed foreign technology and investment-Welcomed foreign technology and investment

Deng XiaopingDeng Xiaoping

1989 Students stage an 1989 Students stage an uprising in Tiananmen Square.uprising in Tiananmen Square.

GOALS: End dictatorship and create a GOALS: End dictatorship and create a democracy in China.democracy in China.

OUTCOMES:OUTCOMES:– Brutal repression of pro-democracy Brutal repression of pro-democracy

movementmovement– International awareness of human rights International awareness of human rights

violations in Chinaviolations in China

Tiananmen Students’ Lady of Tiananmen Students’ Lady of LibertyLiberty

Un-named student defying Un-named student defying tanks in Tiananmen Squaretanks in Tiananmen Square

1997 Britain hands over Hong 1997 Britain hands over Hong Kong to China.Kong to China.

GOALS: The end of British colonial GOALS: The end of British colonial rule and spheres of influence in rule and spheres of influence in China.China.

OUTCOMES:OUTCOMES:– Fear that the Hong Kong citizens would Fear that the Hong Kong citizens would

lose their rights and freedoms.lose their rights and freedoms.– Reconnected many Hong Kong citizens Reconnected many Hong Kong citizens

with their Chinese heritage.with their Chinese heritage.– By early 2002, Chinese rule tightened.By early 2002, Chinese rule tightened.

Hong KongHong Kong

Hong Kong at NightHong Kong at Night

Current President of the Current President of the People’s Republic of China: HU People’s Republic of China: HU

JintaoJintao

Summer Olympics 2008Summer Olympics 2008