Allied Counter-Offensive:“Island-Hopping,” 1942-5

1

2

3

4

US Marines on Mt. Surbachi,

Iwo Jima [Feb. 19, 1945]

Yalta: February, 1945 FDR wants quick Soviet entry into FDR wants quick Soviet entry into

Pacific war.Pacific war. FDR & Churchill concede Stalin FDR & Churchill concede Stalin

needs buffer, FDR & Stalin want needs buffer, FDR & Stalin want spheres of influence and a weak spheres of influence and a weak Germany.Germany.

Churchill wants Churchill wants strong Germany strong Germany as buffer as bufferagainst Stalin.against Stalin.

FDR argues FDR argues for a ‘United for a ‘United Nations’.Nations’.

Mussolini & His Mistress,

Claretta Petacci

Are Hung in Milan, 1945

US & Russian Soldiers Meet at the Elbe River:

April 25, 1945

CrematoriCrematoria at a at

MajdanekMajdanek

Entrance Entrance to to

AuschwitzAuschwitz

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed

Mass Graves at Bergen-BelsenMass Graves at Bergen-Belsen

Hitler’s “Secret Weapons”:

Too Little, Too Late!V-1 Rocket:V-1 Rocket:

“Buzz “Buzz Bomb”Bomb”

V-2 V-2 RocketRocket

Werner von Werner von BraunBraun

Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945

The FThe Füührer’s hrer’s BunkerBunker

Cyanide & PistolsCyanide & Pistols

Mr. & Mrs. HitlerMr. & Mrs. Hitler

V-E Day (May 8, 1945)

General Keitel General Keitel

V-E Day (May 8, 1945)

The Code Breakers of WW II

Bletchley ParkBletchley Park

The German The German “Enigma” Machine“Enigma” Machine

The Japanese The Japanese “Purple” “Purple”

[naval] Code [naval] Code MachineMachine

Potsdam Conference:July, 1945

FDR dead, Churchill out of office as FDR dead, Churchill out of office as Prime Minister during conference.Prime Minister during conference.

Stalin only original.Stalin only original. The United States The United States

has the has the A-bombA-bomb.. Allies agree Germany Allies agree Germany

is to be divided into is to be divided into occupation zones occupation zones

Poland moved Poland moved around to suit around to suit the Soviets. the Soviets.

P.M. Clement President P.M. Clement President JosephJoseph Atlee Truman Stalin Atlee Truman Stalin

Tinian Island, 1945

Little Boy Fat ManLittle Boy Fat Man

Enola GayEnola Gay CrewCrew

Hiroshima – August 6, 1945

© 70,000 killed 70,000 killed immediately.immediately.

© 48,000 buildings. 48,000 buildings.

destroyed.destroyed.© 100,000s died of 100,000s died of

radiation radiation poisoning & poisoning & cancer later.cancer later.

Hiroshima, August 6, 1945

Nagasaki – August 9, 1945

©40,000 killed 40,000 killed immediately.immediately.

©60,000 injured.60,000 injured.©100,000s died of100,000s died of

radiation radiation poisoningpoisoning& cancer later.& cancer later.

Nagasaki, August 9, 1945

V-J Day (September 2, 1945)

V-J Day in Times Square, NYC

WW II Casualties: Europe

Each symbol indicates 100,000

dead in the appropriate theater

of operations

WW II Casualties: Asia

Each symbol indicates 100,000

dead in the appropriate theater

of operations

WW II Casualtie

s

Country Country Men in war Men in war Battle deaths Battle deaths WoundedWoundedAustralia Australia 1,000,000 1,000,000 26,976 26,976 180,864180,864Austria Austria 800,000 800,000 280,000 280,000 350,117350,117Belgium Belgium 625,000 625,000 8,460 8,460 55,51355,51311

BrazilBrazil22 40,334 40,334 943 943 4,2224,222Bulgaria Bulgaria 339,760 339,760 6,671 6,671 21,87821,878Canada Canada 1,086,3431,086,34377 42,04242,04277 53,14553,145ChinaChina33 17,250,5217,250,52

1 1 1,324,516 1,324,516 1,762,0061,762,006

Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia — — 6,6836,68344 8,0178,017Denmark Denmark — — 4,339 4,339 ——Finland Finland 500,000 500,000 79,047 79,047 50,00050,000France France — — 201,568 201,568 400,000400,000Germany Germany 20,000,0020,000,00

0 0 3,250,0003,250,00044 7,250,0007,250,000

Greece Greece — — 17,024 17,024 47,29047,290Hungary Hungary — — 147,435 147,435 89,31389,313India India 2,393,891 2,393,891 32,121 32,121 64,35464,354Italy Italy 3,100,000 3,100,000 149,496149,49644 66,71666,716Japan Japan 9,700,000 9,700,000 1,270,000 1,270,000 140,000140,000Netherlands Netherlands 280,000 280,000 6,500 6,500 2,8602,860New Zealand New Zealand 194,000 194,000 11,62511,62544 17,00017,000Norway Norway 75,000 75,000 2,000 2,000 ——Poland Poland — — 664,000 664,000 530,000530,000Romania Romania 650,000650,00055 350,000350,00066 ——South Africa South Africa 410,056 410,056 2,473 2,473 ——U.S.S.R. U.S.S.R. — — 6,115,0006,115,00044 14,012,0014,012,00

00United Kingdom United Kingdom 5,896,000 5,896,000 357,116357,11644 369,267369,267United States United States 16,112,5616,112,56

6 6 291,557 291,557 670,846670,846

Yugoslavia Yugoslavia 3,741,000 3,741,000 305,000 305,000 425,000425,000

1. Civilians only.2. Army and navy figures.3. Figures cover period

July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. They do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps.

4. Deaths from all causes.5. Against Soviet Russia;

385,847 against Nazi Germany.

6. Against Soviet Russia; 169,822against Nazi Germany.

7. National Defense Ctr., CanadianForces Hq., Director of History.

World War I Casualties

01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000

10,000,000RussiaGermanyAustria-HungaryFranceGreat BritainItalyTurkeyUS

Massive Human Dislocations

End of World War II – Beginning of the Cold War