1920  Canadian  Scrap  Book  

Taylor  Trottier  

                                           Socially    Soldiers  returning  from  war  When  soldiers  returned  from  Europe  they  could  not  find  jobs,  health  care  was  limited  and  pensions  were  often  unpaid.  Unemployment  rates  were  between  50-­‐60%.  almost  all  the  workers  in  Winnipeg  went  on  strike  against  there  employers  and  Unions  were  born.  

     

               

 

This  picture  shows  how  the  soldiers  were  welcomed  when  they  returned  home.  

The  picture  on  the  bottom  shows  soldiers  returning  to  Canadian  soil  for  the  first  time  since  they  left  for  war.  

Roaring  twenties  Economy  improves  and  people  begin  to  take  part  in  leisure  activities.  Planes  and  automobiles  begin  to  be  reliable  modes  of  transportation.  Phones  movies  and  radios  are  now  available  to  the  public.                  

   

Culture  fashion  People  began  to  relax  and  participate  in  sports  and  activities  like  art  and  music.  Women’s  Clothing  also  became  less  formal. They  were  not  expected  to  where  a  dress  everywhere.  

     This  picture  shows  people  using  their  leisure  time  playing  sports.    

   This  picture  shows  how  clothing  became  less  formal.            

   This  picture  shows  an  example  of  Canadian  art.    

New  entertainment  Radios,  art,  silent  movies,  sports  and  music  became  more  common  and  easily  accessible.  But  only  the  middle  class  and  the  rich  could  experience  these  new  developments.  

   

     

                   These  are  pictures  of  1920s  Canadian  art.  

An  upper  class  family  using  their  new  radio.  

Arts/Sports/Jazz  Art  became  more  positive  and  colorful,  baseball,  football  basketball  and  hockey  grew  in  popularity  and  ordinary  people  began  to  play.  Jazz  music  was  growing  and  more  people  could  enjoy  it  thanks  to  the  new  radios.      

         

     

           

     1920s  jazz  band    

1920s  Canadian  art.  

Canadian  football  game  

Role  of  women-­‐persons  case  During  the  war  women  proved  they  were  more  than  capable  of  being  helpful  citizens  of  the  community.  When  the  men  returned  they  wanted  there  jobs  back  and  hoped  everything  would  return  to  “normal”.  After  many  years  the  women  got  to  the  Privy  Council  in  London  and  passed  the  case,  women  were  now  officially  people  by  law  and  gained  many  more  rights  thanks  to  the  famous  five,  Henrietta  Muir  Edwards,  Nellie  McClung,  Louise  McKinney,  Emily  Murphy,  and  Irene  Parlby.  

           Monument  of  famous  five  located  in  Alberta.      

Inventions  Inventions  included  automobile,  traffic  lights,  q-­‐tips,  hair  dryer,  Band-­‐Aid,  lie  detector,  bulldozers  and  practice,  safe  planes.      

 

             

Minorities  Canadian  minorities  during  the  1920s  included  Chinese,  African  American,  Indian,  immigrants,  and  First  Nations.  Anyone  who  was  an  enemy  during  the  war  was  also  considered  a  minority,  Canada  was  very  racist  until  about  the  seventies.  

 

   

                             

This  picture  shows  an  Asian  family  in  Canada  during  the  twenties.  

A  good  example  of  Canada’s  racism  during  that  time  was  the  komogata  maru  incident;  Canada  said  that  if  you  could  sail  from  your  home  port  to  Canada  without  stopping  than  you  would  be  let  in  to  Canada.    When  hundreds  of  Indians  accomplished  what  seemed  like  the  impossible  they  were  denied  access  to  Canada  and  sent  home.    

Canada’s  national  identity        Because  of  Canada’s  brave  and  relentless  war  efforts,  they  were  recognized  for  there  quality  solders  and  pilots.  They  did  not  have  a  big  army  but  they  made  up  for  it  with  their  bravery  and  effort.  The  battle  of  vimmy  ridge  was  Canada’s  claim  to  fame  during  ww1.    

   

           

 

     

These  pictures  show  Canadian  soldiers  in  different  situations.  

                                                     Politically    Unions  Unions  were  created  to  increase  pay  and  working  conditions,  many  workers  were  not  getting  payed  enough  to  compete  with  inflation.  

 

     

                     

This  photo  shows  some  minorities  along  with  Canadians,  employers  toke  advantage  of  minorities  because  they  had  trouble  finding  work  so  they  were  payed  less.  

This  photo  shows  workers  on  strike.    

Some  women  worked  during  the  strike,  they  could  not  afford  to  lose  their  newly  acquired  jobs.    

 Citizens  committee  of  1000  The  people  went  on  strike  because  they  were  not  treated  right  as  workers  and  wanted  more  rights.  The  citizens  committee  was  about  anti-­‐union  and  anti-­‐strike  they  did  not  want  anything  to  change.  

         

 

These  are  pictures  of  the  Winnipeg  general  strike.  

Bloody  Saturday  The  strike  ended  on  June  21st    with  the  RCMP  killing  two  people,  injuring  thirty  and  arresting  many  others.    Many  people  lost  there  jobs  and  some  had  to  promise  not  to  join  the  union.  

           

                 

These  are  all  pictures  of  the  riots  on  bloody  Saturday.  

NDP/CCF  Regionalism  The  political  parties  were  split  in  to  different  regions. Each  political  party  has  its  own  set  of  beliefs  and  goals  like  the  political  parties  of  today.  Some  parties  wanted  everyone  to  be  equal  and  others  want  to  have  the  rich  people  of  society  rule  the  country.  

                         

These  are  political  posters  from  the  1920’s.  

Maritime  rights  movement  All  cargo  ships  passing  through  countries  waters  had  to  report  to  the  country  and  could  be  inspected,  but  they  were  not  allowed  to  be  stopped  unless  they  threatened  the  country.  They  had  to  make  these  rules  because  no  one  trusted  Germany.    

                       

     

Progressive  party  sir  Robert  Borden  was  the  prime  minister  of  Canada  during  ww1.  He  was  part  of  the  progressive  party  and  the  eighth  prime  minister  of  Canada.    One  of  the  problems  he  faced  was  legalizing  conscription.          Robert  Borden  is  on  the  one  hundred  dollar  bill.                  

William  Lyons  Mackenzie  king  William  Lyon  Mackenzie  was  the  most  dominant  politician  from  the  1920s  to  the  1940s.  He  was  part  of  the  liberal  party.      

                           

 

William  Lyon  Mackenzie  is  on  the  fifty-­‐dollar  bill.  

Arthur  meighan  Arthur  Meighan  was  Canada’s  ninth  prim  minister  and  he  was  also  a  lawyer.  Arthur  Meighan  was  the  ninth  prime  minister  serving  two  terms  as  the  conservative  leader.      

                     

                 

Canada’s  independence  Canada  was  an  underdog  going  in  to  the  war,  rather  than  referring  to  them  as  British  allies  they  were  THE  CANADIANS  And  after  the  war  Robert  Borden  requested  a  seat  in  the  peace  treaty  and  Canada  became  a  little  more  independent.            

     

     

                 

Shorts  s-­‐38  

Canadian  troops  and  there  Ross  rifles.  

King  Byng  crisis    lord Byng wanted to dissolve parliament and hold an election, William Lyon Mackenzie refused the request and there was a disagreement between the Canadian and British government.                            

               

King  Byng    British  government  

William  Lyon  Mackenzie    Canadian  prime  minister  

Balfour  report  and  Statute  of  Westminster  The representatives of the King who acted as the crown, should no longer also serve automatically as the representative of the British government in diplomatic relations between the countries.  

 

 

Halibut  treaty  The  halibut  treaty  was  an  agreement  between  America  and  Canada  stating  that  they  could  only  fish  during  selected  months  and  they  could  not  exceed  their  quota.  It  was  the  first  big  decision  Canada  made  without  getting  Britain’s  approval.  

           These  are  pictures  of  Canadian  fishing  boats  during  the  1920’s.                  

           

 Imperial  conference  Imperial  conferences  were  meetings  between  Canada  and  Britain  discussing  their  problems,  but  Canada  did  not  need  Britain’s  help  anymore.            Pictures  of  people  from  the  

imperial  conference.                

                   

Chanak  crisis  Chanak  crisis  was  Mackenzie  kings  first  test  under  the  new  foreign  policy  laws.  Turkish  troops  threatened  to  attack  British  and  French  troops  stationed  in  the  neutral  zone,  when  Britain  wanted  Canada’s  help  they  were  reminded  of  the  stature  of  Westminster.  The  crisis  was  resolved  relatively  quickly  by  the  French  and  British.    

   

             

                                       Economically    National  resources  During  the  1920s  Canada  was  a  big  exporter  of  lumber,  farmed  goods  they  also  made  newspapers  for  other  countries,  especially  the  United  States.  They  made  about  ninety  percent  of  there  newspapers.  

             

U.S.  investment    Canada  invested  some  of  its  national  income  in  to  the  United  States,  not  all  money  but  they  also  made  90%  of  their  newspapers,  the  idea  was  to  be  friends  with  America  since  they  were  clearly  more  powerful.  

   

Branch  plants  Canada  builds  factories  in  other  countries  like  America  and  Britain  to  increase  productivity  and  profits.  It  reduces  costs  since  there  is  no  taxes  or  shipping  fees.                              

                   

Probation  &  Bootlegging  Between  1920  and  1933  America  banned  alcohol  because  they  thought  it  was  the  reason  people  committed  crimes.  Canada  then  saw  an  opportunity,  they  opened  new  breweries  and  began  to  make  as  much  alcohol  as  they  could  then  they  smuggled  it  illegally  across  the  border  (bootlegging)  and  made  huge  profits.  Some  tried  to  make  there  own  alcohol  but  it  was  so  bad  it  often  resulted  in  blindness.  

           

     

     

Stock  market  crash    In  1918  after  the  war  the  economy  was  booming  and  continued  to  increase  until  1929  when  The  market  crashed  because  everyone  bought  stocks  then  there  was  a  mini  crash,  everyone  panicked  and  sold  their  stocks.  Then  the  market  had  no  value  and  it  plummeted.  The  market  collapsed  and  the  start  of  the  depression  began.  

     

         

         

There  you  can  see  the  mini  crash.  Before  things  got  worse.  

             

             

       

Topic     Point   Example   Explanation  Challenges  solders  faced  when  returning  home.  

When  soldiers  returned  from  was  they  had  trouble  finding  jobs    

Many  soldiers  also  did  not  got  the  medical  care  and  pensions  they  needed  

Women  had  taken  many  of  the  men’s  jobs.  

  Injured  soldiers  had  to  adapt  to  their  new  life  style.  

Returning  soldiers  often  had  hearing,  vision  problems  or  prosthetics.    

Canada  was  not  used  to  accommodating  these  types  of  injuries.  

  The  Spanish  flu  was  brought  ta  Canada  with  the  returning  soldiers.  

The  flu  killed  approximately  the  same  number  of  people  that  died  in  the  war.  

It  was  extremely  hard  for  soldiers  because  they  just  saw  their  friends  die  in  the  war,  now  there  families.  

 

FUN  FACT-­‐  I  spent  three  blocks  and  a  lunch  hour  (4  HOURS)  on  the  organizers  and  I  completed  it.  As  I  typed  the  last  word  the  person  sitting  across  from  me  kicked  the  desk  and  my  computer  turned  off  and  I  lost  everything,  so  I  have  done  the  P.E.E.  organizers  twice  now.    J  

             

     Topic     Point   Example   Explanation  How  did  the  Persons  case  further  women’s  rights  in  Canada?  

Women  wanted  more  rights  and  they  wanted  to  be  recognized  as  people.  

They  had  proven  during  the  war  that  they  were  capable  of  basically  sustaining  Canada.  

Five  women  eventually  got  to  court  and  succeeded  in  the  person’s  case.  

  Women  were  now  allowed  to  own  land  

Before  women  could  not  own  land,  it  belonged  to  their  husband.  

If  their  husband  died  for  any  reason  the  land  would  then  go  to  a  brother  or  father.  

  Women  were  now  legally  considered  people.  

Before  women  were  considered  property  by  the  law.  

Now  they  could  go  to  court.  (and  eventually  vote.)  

                 

           Topic   Point   Example   Explanation  

Canada’s  national  identity.  

Canada  was  always  seen  as  a  British  colony  before  the  war.  

During  and  after  the  war  Canada  grew  more  independent.  

After  the  war  Canada  was  known  for  there  pilots  and  growing  business  opportunities  (logging,  stocks,  etc.  )  

  Canada  was  known  for  its  grate  soldiers,  they  are  determined  and  willing  to  capture  anything.  

Canadian  troops  are  taken  advantage  of  because  everyone  knows  they  are  willing  to  try  anything.  (they  were  sent  to  slaughter  in  the  battle  of  Somme  and  Dieppe).  

Canadian  troops  captured  vimmy  ridge,  it  was  there  claim  to  fame.  

  Canada  becomes  known  for  their  exports.  

Canada  exports  coal,  lumbar,  cars,  alcohol  during  the  American  prohibition  and  newspapers.  

Canada  made  90%  of  America’s  newspapers.  It  was  cheaper  because  the  lumber  and  paper  mills  were  already  in  Canada.  

     

             

                     

Topic   Point   Example   Explanation        Labor  unions  and  Winnipeg’s  general  strike.  

Unions  had  not  been  introduced  to  Canada  yet.  

Unions  were  supposed  to  help  workers.  

Unions  improved  wages  and  working  conditions.  

  Government  and  Employers  did  now  want  unions.  

If  unions  toke  effect  they  would  have  to  pay  workers  more  and  give  them  holidays.  

They  would  cut  down  on  employer’s  profits.  

  Workers  wanted  unions.  

Workers  eventually  went  on  strike  until  they  could  unionize.  

They  felt  they  were  not  paid  enough  (with  rising  food  prices)  and  they  had  to  work  six  days  a  risk  loosing  there  job.  

             

Topic   Point   Example   Explanation      Regionalism  in  the  development  of  Canada’s  political  parties.  

Canada  was  gaining  political  parties  during  the  late  1800s.  

The  two  main  parties  were  still  the  conservatives  and  the  liberals.  

The  conservative  party  was  the  most  dominant  party  at  that  time.  

  Canada  was  still  developing  its  government  at  that  time  

The  Canadian  political  system  was  not  grate.  

Canada  had  just  become  independent  from  Britain  so  they  were  still  learning  how  to  run  politics  smoothly.  

  Canada  did  not  have  many  political  parties  during  the  twenties.  

The  parties  were  unorganized  but  the  leaders  were  grate.  

Canada  had  some  good  prime  ministers  during  that  time  like,  William  Lyon  Mackenzie  King,  Arthur  Meighen,  Sir  Robert  Borden,  and  Sir  Wilfred  Laurier.    

           

             

           

Topic   Point   Example   Explanation        William  Lyon  Mackenzie  in  Canada’s  independence.  

William  wanted  Canada  to  become  independent  from  Britain.  

He  started  making  decisions  without  involving  Britain.  

Stature  of  Westminster  takes  effect;  British  Parliament  can  no  longer  make  laws  for  Canada.  

  Canada  needed  to  become  independent.  

Countries  that  don’t  become  independent  aren’t  taken  seriously  by  other  countries.    

If  Canada  did  not  become  independent  we  would  still  be  drinking  tea  and  living  under  British  laws.  

  Some  parts  of  Canada  have  taken  this  to  seriously.  

Vancouver  island  is  currently  trying  to  become  its  own  province.  

They  say  being  independent  would  be  better  for  both  the  island  and  B.C,  but  B.C.  will  be  a  shame  if  we  lost  one  of  the  worlds  largest  islands.  

             

 Topic   Point   Example   Explanation        Canadian  and  American  stock  market  crash.  

Economy  was  good  so  everyone  bought  stocks.  

Stock  market  had  a  mini  crash  and  everyone  panicked  

When  people  panicked  they  also  sold  there  stocks  and  the  market  could  not  recover  and  the              depression  started.  

  Some  were  able  to  make  it  through  the  depression  without  suffering.  

Some  people  made  money  off  of  the  depression  because  they  could  afford  to  buy  stocks  when  everyone  else  sold  there’s  

Then  many  years  later  when  the  economy  recovered  they  were  filthy  rich  

  When  the  economy  crashed  some  people  killed  themselves  

It  was  mainly  due  to  buying  stock  with  the  banks  money  and  not  being  able  to  pay  it  back.  

Buying  on  a  margin-­‐  buying  stocks  with  borrowed  money,  it  is  not  a  good  idea.