WORLD WAR I1914-1919

WORLD WAR I- 1914-1918 “THE WAR TO END ALL WARS” “THE GREAT WAR” THE FIRST INDUSTRIAL WAR-the

“military-Industrial-Complex” MORE PEOPLE KILLED THAN IN ALL

PREVIOUS WARS-COMBINED

MAIN Europeans leaders thought their goals

could only be achieved by force The glorification of armed strength took

rise during this timeOtherwise known as militarismMobilization of military was also important

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

“M.A.I.N.” CAUSES OF WWI1. MILITARISM-THE BELIEF THAT WAR IS

THE BEST ANSWER TO INTERNATIONAL PROBLEMS

--MILITARY LEADERS GAIN POLITICAL POWER

--INCREASED TAXES TO PAY FOR WEAPONS

“MOBILIZATION MEANS WAR”

“M.A.I.N.” CAUSES OF WWI2. ALLIANCES- DO THEY CAUSE OR

PREVENT WAR? ---NO ONE WANTED TO BE LEFT ALONE AND

VULNERABLE

TWO POWERFUL ALLIANCES EMERGE THE AXIS:-GERMANY, AUSTRIA-

HUNGARY,ITALY,TURKEY THE ALLIES (ENTENTE)-FRANCE,

ENGLAND, RUSSIA, SERBIA AND (LATER), U.S.

EFFECT- A LOCAL CONFLICT CAN LEAD TO A BIGGER WAR

“M.A.I.N.” CAUSES OF WWI3. IMPERIALISM-COMPETITION FOR

COLONIES LED TO ANGER AND TENSION

4. NATIONALISM-ENGLAND AND FRANCE AND GERMANY WERE BITTER ABOUT THE PAST AND DISTRUSTFUL OF EACH OTHER. EACH WANTED TO RULE EUROPE

--GROWTH OF PAN-SLAVISM IN THE EAST. AUSTRIA, THE BALKANS AND THE OTTOMANS WERE FORCES IN E. EUROPE

THE SYSTEM OF ALLIANCES The Triple Alliance

ItalyGermanyAustria-Hungary

The Triple EntenteFranceRussia

Also had a secret alliance with ItalyGreat Britain

THE BALKAN “POWDER KEG” Pan-Slavism

Uniting of all Slavic people under one government

Austria – Hungary was opposed to this The arch-duke of the Austro-Hungarian

Empire was assassinated by a Serbia terroristAn ultimatum was made by A-HE

Serbia must suppress all groups that opposed the thronedismiss teachers and destroy books that did not

support thronedismiss government officials that did not support

throne Austria declared war on Serbia in July of 1914

MOBILIZATION OF EUROPE Russia supported Serbia

Began to mobilize troopsGermany told them to stop or face war

Germany disregarded Belgian neutralityMarched through Belgium on the way to

FranceEngland declared war later that day

THE BELLIGERENTS Belligerents or offending nations

became known as the Central PowersCentral Powers had more rapid

communications and movementBetter army

Allied Powers had more: SoldiersBetter industryBetter navy

INNOVATIONS IN WARFARE Machine gun U-boat

Submarines Poison gas Airplane Tank Propaganda

Selected bits of information to promote cause

EARLY YEARS OF THE WAR Fighting on Gallipoli

Peninsula off of Constantinople Naval warfare

French and British ships bombarded Ottoman Empire

The British and Germans set up blockades Germans sank a cruise liner, killing 128 Americans Received a stern warning from President Woodrow

Wilson

The stalemate – a war of attritionEach side was trying to outlast the other

THE U.S. ENTERS THE WAR- APR. 2, 1917 REASONS:1. ZIMMERMANN NOTE2. LUSITANIA SUNK-19153. UNRESTRICTED GERMAN SUB WARFARE4. RUSSIA PULLS OUT5. PRESSURE FROM IMMIGRANTSWOODROW WILSON DECLARES WAR ON

GERMANY TO”MAKE THE WORLD SAFE FOR DEMOCRACY”

“WE DIDN’T COME TO DIG TRENCHES”

ZIMMERMAN NOTE The German foreign minister sent a secret

telegram to Mexico requesting an alliance

Offered to help Mexico regain Texas, New Mexico and Arizona if they would fight on German side

The British intercepted it, and they published it in American newspapers

Unrestricted submarine warfare cost many innocent American lives

RUSSIA IN WORLD WAR I Causes of Russian Uprising

PovertySuppression of democracyWeak Duma

Military took the side of the demonstrators

LENIN AND THE BOLSHEVIKS Two groups in Russia after revolution

One that was trying to piece nation back together Mensheviks Promised to continue war

One that was more radical Bolsheviks Led by Vladimir Lenin Slogan was peace, bread, and land Petrograd Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies

Soviet means council Appealed to the poor Russian masses

Named their new party the Communist Party (video)

PEACE AND CIVIL WAR Lenin signed peace treaty with Central

PowersGave up some land

Executed Czar and family Communists fought socialist opposition

Led to Civil War Reds – Communists Whites – counter revolutionary army Reds won after three years and named the new

nation the Union of Soviet Socialistic Republics (USSR)

THE WAR ENDS- MAIN EVENTS AND REASONS1. LENIN LAUNCHES THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

AND THEN PULLS RUSSIA OUT OF THE WAR2. THE US. ENTERS3. WILSON ISSUES THE “14 POINTS”-CALLS FOR --FREEDOM OF THE SEAS --FREE TRADE --REDUCTION OF ARMS --NO SECRET TREATIES -- SELF-DETERMINATION -- AN INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

NATIONS (U.N.) –LEAGUE OF NATIONS GAVE EVERYONE REASONS TO END THE WAR

THE FOURTEEN POINTS When the war ended President Wilson came up with

14 Points to make the world a more just placeSix general points to ensure a just and safer world

No secret treaties Freedom of the seas for all nations Removal of all economic barriers – tariffs, etc. Adjustment of colonial claims to make them fair to both the

imperialist powers and to colonies Establishment of a “general association of nations”

Eight points dealt with specific regions and countriesThe points impressed people throughout the worldVideo

THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES Individual treaties with each offending

countryNo draftMaximum of 100,000 menNo heavy artillery, military planes, or

submarinesAlly occupation of RhinelandReparation were to be paid by Germany at no

determined amount or time periodPoland made independent nationAlsace Lorraine was returned to France

THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS Two goals

Maintain peacePromote international cooperation

OrganizationAssembly

Representatives of all member nationsCouncil

Consisted of 9 main countries to ensure peaceWorld Court

The start of the League42 member nations grew to 59 by the 1940s

EFFECTS OF WORLD WAR I1. 9 MILLION DEAD2. 20 MILLION MORE WOULD DIE FROM A

WORLD WIDE FLU PANDEMIC3. CITIES, FARMS,ROADS, RAILROADS

DESTROYED4. BILLIONS OF $ SPENT5. UNSTABLE GOVERNMENTS6. HARD FEELINGS REMAIN “UNFINISHED BUSINESS”7. SET STAGE FOR WW II