1912 Presidential Election

1910-1912 The Republican Party splits

Ballinger-Pinchot Affair (conservation)Payne-Aldrich Tariff (protective tariff)

Gifford Pinchot Richard Ballinger

The current Secretary of the Interior in Barack Obama's administration is Sally Jewell of Washington. She was confirmed by the Senate on April 10, 2013

The U.S. Department of the Interior protects America’s natural resources and heritage, honors our cultures and tribal communities, and supplies the energy to power our future.

Taft (Republican)

Retains high tariffsDid not support Roosevelt’s conservation effortsBusted 90+ trusts, did not distinguish between good

and bad trusts

Republican Party Platform

High import tariffs.

Put limitations on female and child labor.

Workman’s Compensation Laws.

Against initiative, referendum, and recall.

Against “bad” trusts.

Creation of a Federal Trade Commission.

Stay on the gold standard.

Conservation of natural resources because they are finite.

A negative attack by President Taft’s campaign alleging that Wilson would result in a reduction of pensions.

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When asked if he was fit to run, TR replied he was as fit as a “bull moose.”

Roosevelt and the liberal Republicans leave the Republican convention.

Roosevelt announces that his “hat is in the ring” for the election as a third party candidate.

New Nationalism

• Roosevelt supported government protection of human welfare and property rights.

• He insisted that only a powerful federal government could regulate the economy and guarantee social justice, and that a President can only succeed in making his economic agenda successful if he makes the protection of human welfare his highest priority.

New Nationalism

Women’s suffrage.

Graduated income tax.

Inheritance tax for the rich.

Lower tariffs.

Limits on campaign spending.

Currency reform.

Minimum wage laws.

National health insurance.

Abolition of child labor.

Workmen’s compensation.

Roosevelt riding to the convention center in Chicago, Illinois

TheAnti-

Third-TermPrinciple

TheAnti-

Third-TermPrinciple

New Freedom: Wilson wanted to attack the “triple wall of privilege”

BankingTariffsTrusts

Democrat Woodrow Wilson proposes a New Freedom for America

Democratic Platform

Government control of the monopolies trusts in general were bad eliminate them!!

Tariff reduction.

One-term President.

Direct election of Senators.

Create a Department of Labor.

Strengthen the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.

Did NOT support women’s suffrage.

Opposed to a central bank.

Federal Reserve Act

The banking system pinched small farmers and entrepreneurs. The gold standard still made currency too tight, and loans were too expensive for the average American. Wilson signed the Federal Reserve Act, which made the nation's currency more flexible.

Underwood Tariff

Tariffs protected the large industrialists at the expense of small farmers. Wilson signed the Underwood-Simmons Act into law in 1913, which reduced tariff rates.

Clayton-Antitrust Act

Unlike Roosevelt, Wilson did not distinguish between "good" trusts and "bad" trusts. Any trust by virtue of its large size was bad in Wilson's eyes.

The Clayton Antitrust Act clarified the Sherman Act by specifically naming certain business tactics illegal.

Clayton Antitrust Act

This same act also exempted labor unions from antitrust suits, and declared strikes, boycotts, and peaceful picketing perfectly legal.

The Socialist Party & Eugene Debs

The issue is Socialism versus Capitalism. I am for Socialism because I am for humanity.

Socialist Party Platform

Government ownership of railroads and utilities.

Guaranteed income tax.

No tariffs.

8-hour work day.

Better housing.

Government inspection of factories

Curb power of federal gov’t to issue

injunctions.

Women’s suffrage.

Results: A Wilson victory

Wilson Roosevelt Taft Debs

Electoral votes

435 88 8 0

Popular vote

6,296,284 4,122,721 2,486,242 901,551

States carried

40 6 2 0

New Nationalism v. New Freedom

New Nationalism New Freedom

Ideas from Hebert Croly

Proposed broad social welfare

Economic competition bad drives down wages

Aimed at regulating trusts, not breaking them up

Ideas from Louis Brandeis

Favored breaking up trusts to restore competition

Competition is good in the market place