SPIO and T2 Effect In vitro study to show the effect of macrophage SPIO uptake on their T2 relaxation time

Protocol: We used 8 flasks of CBM macrophages. After preparing the cells, Feridex was

added with the proper concentration to each labeled tube.

Incubation was done at 37 C. For each time, pellet the tubes at 1000

rpm’s for 5 min. Washed with 1X PBS for 5 min 3 times. Resuspended in 2% paraformaldehyde, to

fix the cells.

time

concentration

20 Min

1 Hour

6 Hours

24 Hours

50µl 100µl 250µl 500µl control control

Expected T2 Reduction Effect

Macrophage Uptake of Feridex After 20 Min Shown by T2 Reduction

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20 min

Concentration µl

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60 min

Macrophage Uptake of Feridex After 60 Min Shown by T2 Reduction

Concentration µl

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6 Hours

Macrophage Uptake of Feridex After 6hr Shown by T2 Reduction

Concentration µl

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24 Hours

Macrophage Uptake of Feridex After 24hr Shown by T2 Reduction

Concentration µl

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20 min60 min6 hours24 hours

Macrophage Uptake of Feridex with Time and Concentration Shown by T2 Reduction

Concentration µl

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20 Min 60 Min 6 Hours 24 Hours

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Macrophage Uptake of Feridex with Concentration and Time Shown by T2 Reduction

µl

•SQUIDS are extremely sensitive detectors for magnetic fields

Summary:

•They utilize 3 quantum mechanical effects: Zero resistance, Flux quantization, and Josephson effect.

What can we do with it?

SQUIDs can be used to as a noninvasive screening test for detecting super paramagnetic or paramagnetic particles in site of inflammation, infection or injury in body

Examples:

Myocardial infarction atherosclerotic plaque (vulnerable plaque)

Myocardial infarction

Acute MI Q-wave Non-Q wave

Short axis cine Short-axis contrast

50 y/o male admitted with chest pain and precordial ST segment elevation. Patient was treated with primary angioplasty but Q-waves eventually developed in leads 1,L, avL.

• Peak CK: 5912; MB: 792

• Cath Report: 100% occluded left circumflex coronary artery which was opened with PTCA and stented.

• MRI: performed 2 weeks after acute MI. The lateral wall is akinetic (cine MRI) and has transmural hyperenhancement (ceMRI).

Myocardial infarction

Acute MI

Q-wave Non-Q wave

Case history:• 52 y/o male admitted with minor chest pain and nonspecific ECG findings. Echocardiogram was normal but the patient eventually ruled in for a non Q-wave MI.

• Peak CK: 560; MB: 62

• Cath Report: 100% occluded 1st Diagonal off the LAD. No other significant CAD was found.

• MRI: performed 6 days after acute MI. Wall motion is normal (cine MRI) but a small non-transmural region of hyperenhancement is seen in the anterolateral wall (ceMRI).

short-axis cine short-axis contrast

Insert Gd vs SPIO charts here