1908 History of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni by Roos-Keppel s.pdf

8/10/2019 1908 History of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni by Roos-Keppel s.pdf

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a~ t a i nROOJ-Kewpel'sdition o f t e Puuhtu Teat Book ,

No 4

TR NSL TION

OF

THE

THE HISTORY OF SULT N M HMUD OF CH ZNI

The text-book for the Higher Standard Examination)

BY

Captain G

ROOS-KEPPEL

POLITICAL

OFFICER

KHYBER

PASS

President Central Committee o Examination i n Pushtu

AND

Q A Z l A B D U L Q H A N l K H A N

Son

of

Q A Z l M A H M U D K H A N

JKUNSHI

OF

PESIIAWAB.

PUNTED AT THE ANGLO SAN6EBIT PBE8Su

19OSu

Price 2 4 m O


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PREFACE

HAVINGeen authorized by the Punjab Govern-

ment to produce a new edition of the Gan j-i-P akhtu

and Tarikh-i-Mahrnud-i-G11az11uvihe text-books

for the Lower and Higher Standard Examinations

in Pushtu

I

have produced trans lations of each in

the hope tha t a literal translation at a low price

will

be of use to students of the language.

A s the translation adheres to the tex t as literally

as possible i t is necessarily clumsy in style and in

order not to confuse th e translation with notes only

such words

have been interpolated as are required

to render the sense intelligible. These are in

brackets. The pages noted in the margin refer to

the text both of the K ~l id- i-A fg ha niand of my

edition of Ganj-i-Pakhtu and Ta rikh-iS ultan M ah-

mud-i- Ghaznavi.

G ROOS-KEPPEL

CAPTAIN


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TH ollectors of histories have, tvith auspicious pens,

Page 2

th us written on th e pages of their own works, bhab Su ltan

Mahmud of Ghazni was a Kiog who had th e fcrtune to be

fortuna te (both) in (matters of) religion and of (bhie world),

and bhe fame of his justico and even-handedness had spread

on all sides,

And in the work of religious war Ila llnd planted th e

banners of Islam and had pulled up the roots of tjrants.

When he used to s ta rt for war, you would say , This

musb be a flood which flows equally over hill and dale

;

nd

when he used to eeab himself upon (hie) throne, a man would

th ink, This musb indeed be the sun whose lig ht shines on

greab and small (lib. the noblee and the common peoplo).

Wiadom wan his, and power and good fortun e:

On account of all

there he

was

worthy of a crown an d throne.

Bub in some books ib has been seen thab this K io g

wo

page 8

very avacicioue, 5ub (the accuaotion) rega rd iog avarice

appears to be beyond (the lirnite of) juslice, because to

subdue so many countries and to cuuee so many learned men

and famous (poets) to si t in (h is) assembly cannot

be

succese-

fully done wichoub giving away wealth and withoub bestow-

ing riches.

And i t ie an eviden t facb th a t without (counting) fixed

al lo ~ an ce e e used to give four lakhs of rupees (a year)

~

deserving people, and do many kiudneeeee to them and

oon

fer advantages on everyone,


4/65

Y e s i f . t h ~ s ewo ,$binge are th e oause of the K ing

(having a) bad name, i t may be eo. One, t ha t b e . hurb the

feelings of.Firdoei the poeb, the otlier, that towards the end

of his life he used to

take money from (hie) people (by

force.)

I t is eaid thab bhe K ing irl outw ard appearanoe w nob

beautiful.

One day he looked in a mirro r and hie face

app eared to him to be ugly, eo he eaid .t o minieter (who

Was there),

People say th at gazing on

tlle King's face

improves the eighb, and my complextion ie such th at by

looking a t i t man'e he ar t becomes sorrowful."

Th e minister eaid to him, W ha t necessity is th er e fur

you to beautify your appearance; it ie befititng th at you should

ma ke your habite beautiful so bhut everyone 'mey love you."

T h a t say ing pleased the inggreably, and he acted upon

it, and in good habits he reached much a limit (of goodoeae)

thab he eurpaese'd all (other) King s. T h e father of $he K in g

'

was the Amir Sabaktagin, and his mother wae the daughter

of a noble of Zabalietan, for th is reaeon he is (sometimes)

called "Zabali," s Firdoei the poet has praised him, eaying,

Page 4.

The Zabali Sultau Matmnd is such

n

ocean

That ib shore no one har seen anywhere.

A peari from it did not come into my hand

The ocean i good but 1 complain of my fate.

On the night of the Aehura in the yea r of the He gira

357 he was born, and Ji rjan i, has written iu (hie) book th e

Minhej-us-Saraj, th at the good fortune of Sultan M ah n ~ u d

wae equal to the good fortune of the Lord of the Fai th of

Ielam, and a momenb before hie birth th e Am ir Saba ktagin

e a r in a 'dream tha t from their hearth a grea t tree sprang

up , eo (great) that the whole world could find place beneath

it8 shadow, When he awoke from eleep, he

w

thinking

of its inte rpretation, whon scdden ly some ane broughb

him


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bhe tid in gs saying , Be you fortuna te,

a

e6n ie born to you?

The Amir Sabakbagin w s very pleaeed; a nd on sc wu nb of

that auepicioue dr ea m Ile gave hie sol1 tlie nam e of Aftrl~mud

i.e., the F ort un ate O t~ e) , nd bccamo liopeful of (hie att ain -

iog) high r an k a nd honour.

Th en in a little ti m e th e tplanb of hie good for14une

gave such a ehade that m any people eat und er i ts ehade, ae

these couplets of Firdoei bear testimony to t h e fact.

1

In

the reign of Ma hmud t h e Qhazi,

h e

King

The

eheep

nd

the

wolf

drink

water

in

one

place.

When a boy

is first

born of

his

mother

I n h ie

cradle he mentions the name of Mahmud.

At bbat time, by order of

the

Amir Sabaktagin, he de-

P w b .

etroyed the temple (lit. idol house) of the Hirldue whicli was

on th e ba nk of the river So dr a and ma de hie fame (lib. good

forbune) equ al to t he fame of the Lord of th e F a it h (of

Ielaml.

And in th e first year of hie reig n a mine of gold

it

t he

form of a tree appeared from the ground in Seietan, an d

however much one miglit dig in i t (nothing but) pu re good

would come ou t of it , and i t wae thr ee parde round. After-

wards in the time of Sulta n Mae ud th at mine w s loeb by

reaeon of an earthquake.

Again, when th e Sulta n was free from hie war against

I

h ie bro ther , he eet hie face to Ballch nd on accounb of this,

t h a t th e Governorship of Khorasan (which) wae hie by

ri g h t, had been enlr ustc d to (one) Baktoean, he eeut a

meesenger to Bo kl ~a ra o Amir Maneur an d exelpined hie

diseatiefaation

tc

him.

H e gave answer, 11 ave given you th e Qovernorehip

of

Balkh an d Tarmiz and He ra t, b u t Boktczan ie a well-

wishing man, and w i~ ho u t reason to remove him and to

diemies him

from

offioe

ia

not proper,


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Be

i.e., Su lta n Mahmud) eenb Ab-ul-Haeean of J a m m u

wibh many preeente to Bokbara , and eaid to Am ir Mansur,

(1

ho pe that yo11 will not foul the spr ing of friendelrip and

sincerity.,with the earth and rubbish of indifference, and

thab you will not forgeb th e righ ts of and of my fa ther

which are iccumbenb on you, thab th e thread of friendsh ip

may nob be torn (aeuuder) and the foundatiorle of submission

may nob be undermind.

PAS 6

When Ab-ul-Haasan of ~ a m m ' ucnclled Bukhara, Amir

Mansur decided to make him a minis ter of his own, and he

gave no reply to the Sultan'e message.

Su ltan Mahmud star ted in th e direobion of Clisbapur,

and w h en ,~ ak to za n ucderetood his objcct, he wenb in an-

other direction and eeub a petition (rela ting tlle whole) of

hie case tq Bokhara.

Am ir Mansur waa inlox ica tid with the prida and igno-

rance an d vsn ity of youth. H e colltcted his force and

st ai te d for Khorasan an d rested nowhere till (he reached)

Sarkhae. Although th e Sultan knew well thab Am ir

Mansur could nob cope with him, yet he feared the reproach

and ecandal of faithleeenese,'ei, he left Niehapur to him and

wenb to Murghab.

b

'hdppened thab Baktozan, wit11 the connivance

o

Faik, behaved .treacherously he eeized Amir Mnneilr and

pierced his eyes with a needle and blinded him, ar ll seated

on the throne hie younger brother, whoee namo was Abd-ul-

Malik, and 'he himself feared the Sultan (and) fled to

Merv.

Tb e

Sultan sta rte d afte r him and reached Merv.

Baktozan and E'aik chose a ruinous couraa and gave

battle

t

Bhe Sulta n in the plaio, bub vict0r.y

waa

in the


7/65


8/65

one of his princeeiee; And he e b b : wibh him various

de-

mriptiona (of preeente such ae) 'eapphires and coetly rubiee

and necklaces of pearle, an d egge of ambergrie, and veaeele of

gold and silver filled with scents c\nd camphor, and obher pre-

eente froin Hindu etan , plnnte of aloes, and watered swords,

and 'war elep han ts capnrieoned and equipped so thab the

eyee of th e spec tatore would become dazzled, and swift horses

.

.with golden eaddlee on tlle~n.

When the Im am Ab -ul-T aiab reached the land of 'Turd

keetau, the people of

hat

couatry,

w m

11ad mostly become

Mueelmane iu the time of Iluk Khan, dloned him muoh

respeob and honour and politeness.

And he wee detained a t Orkand until Ila k Ellan gave

permieeion for an audience, After this he brought into th e

King's preeence th at pearl after which he had dived in th e

eea of Tu rke stan, together with tile coetly goods of thab

cou ntry , 'wibh p ure gold and silver, and with slave girls from

K hit a and the'milk faced onee of, K h ~ l a n , ogether with

erm iue and eables, together with obtler presente. A ftsr thab

for a long lime friendellip and trffectiorr increaeed between

the Sultan and Ilek Khan, uulil by reason, of the evil ege of

bhe time and through the exerlions

of

slanderers their friend-

ehip and affection wee ohangod into enm it y and malice,

ss

,

will ehortly be recounted, if it please God Almighty.

And Su ltan Ma hmu d, on account of this th at h e had said

age .

th a t whenever am rit. leisure from the affairs of my king-

do m willepend most of my lim e io going to Hin dus tan and

wage a Holy War eterm ined in the month of th e leeeer I d

in

the year

391

of the Heg ira, to etab ou t from Ghazni for

Eindw bsn, and came to Peeharar with ten thoueand troopers.

And Ja ipa l came and prepared

t

fighb him with twelve thou*

,

a n d mounted

men,

thirty bboueend infanbry, and three


9/65

hundred elephnnbs, pnd joined ba ttle mith him on Monday,

bhe 8t h of the m oo thof

~asian-m us la in

in the ye&

. ,393

of '

,

the Hegira.

Su ltan Mahm ud behaved bravely and ,vicbpry fell to him,

RO

he become famous as a

G

hazi

;

nd he

,

aaptured Jaipel

, ,

mith fifteen men,.who were some his ,sons nnd .some

his

relations, and lie killed five t1,ousand Hindus and brougbt

back much plunder. Aud he took fro,* the ' neck.

i

tho?;

,

prisoners eixteen necklacea, a n d those neeklsies ar e ca lle l

i n th e Hindi language Mala, and people fined the prim

of each necklace aE one lac and eighty thousand gold

mohure.

Then th e Kinf i wenb, from Peehawar

.

o ~ h a n d a nd

. . .

,brought that country (also) usder

hie

rple.

And as soor) as

i t

w s spring he pardoned Jaipnlund the

other prisoners, nfter they had ngroed tq pay

hitn

tribute,

PI^

released them froin imprisonment, And Ile killed m r r~ ~ y

pomerft~lPathane, and

made

some his servan ts and took

hem,

with him

to

Ghazoi.

.

The cuetotn of the Hind us is auy rnja who i~ twice

pagelo

defeated by the Musalmane, or taken prisoner, is no t aga in

fit

to

rule

and hie sin clrnnot

be

expia ted without fire. So fqr

thi s reason Jaipa l made hi. son, wl1u8e name was A s a u d p J ,

king and threw I~imeelf nto a

fire lrp

w a ~ urut.

Bud

Sal ta n Mahmud in th e month of Haesan-Huesain, in the year

9

of the Hagira, went ngaiu

bo

Seistan and th at Lime he

2

brought Hanif to Ghazui.

Then again a desire for H induetan took birth in his

heart. In the year

395

of the Hegiru he sta rted iu bhe

direction of the city named Bbatis, and when be hid

bravereed the boundaries of Mulban be,camped there.

Apd

ie

tbeb oiby there

w e

8 greab s forb

tbab t h e

bird vulbuce


10/65

oould not reach ite eummit, an d rou nd

it

t he r e

WM

such

moat tilab the eight of the etrongeet eighted could not reach

i t s bobtom. T he narne of t he r ~ j af that place

w e

Baj i

h

nd because of hie mauy elep ha nts an d troop s h e wcur

ao proud t h a t Ireither di d he ca re for th e noblee of A m ir

Sabakt sg in , uor d id l i~aubrni to Jaipul.

W h e n Sultari Mahm:ld iri orde r to cru sh him led hie

arm y out, he aeeembled liis troops an d drew i t u p in l ine8

parrllel to

be

a r my

of

Ielilm. Th e t\vo u m i e e fought

illgelher

for

~lrrett

~r

bur tlie bluenlmnns appeared to the

Piug to weaken; so

OII

~ l i o 4 ~ u r t hay he gave an order ,

' l'o-day will be th e roy al brittle, let old and ')oung,

ser va nts an d followers all eq uip tliemeelves, eo th at the y

may be preaent on the field (cf battle) to fig ht for Fa ith.

A ~ i dwhen Roj r

aji

RRO ea rn t bliie plan, h e wenb

to

hie idol holleo and proe trated himeelf before th e idole a n d

begged help from th em, and with noiee and coercion he d rov e

(all) the Hi nd ue out of the c ity, uud they placed themselves

on the field of

baltle.

T he n the n ~ ~ b l e rf Id a m et0reok their haode to th eir

sword# and epenre slid all tng ether cha rged th e iufidele.

From dawn till ~ u n e e they folrght togeth er, and on every rid e

mound8

o f

dea d were etan diug and streanl e of blood mere

~ w i ~ i g ,u t r i t ) sign of tveakneee

sVaa

vieible on either eide.

T h e Saltn li the11 rnieed hi I~nnd a to th e preeence of

Qod, nlid he bro ught th e holy soul of the Pr op hr t, on

whom be peace, a s hia it~terces eor nd himself charg ed in to

the mid st of the (enemy's) army. H e broke t h e infidel

h o ~ t

nd

beeieged

Rnji

Rso

arid

gave 'ordere

to

fill 11p tDhe

moat.

When he had nearly filled up th e mo at with etonee,

olods of earbb, tbornbaehee, and ebrube, Baji Rao was


11/65

aonfounded. H e lefb his arm y in th e fighb en d togeth er

with a few special men catue down from tllra fort pad

fled

t o

a

jungle among Lhe foreeta or1 the banks of

he

Ilkdue.

When thq Sultan heard of t,l~ie e sent R forcs of brave

soldicre aft er him sn d they eiirrounded him in thab very

jungle. When Bsj i Rao coi11d find no way of escape he

E W12*

quickly drew a dagger from hie belt atid struck ia with

greab fury into hie breast. Tn e Glrazie cr m e up with hiln,

bbey cu t off hia head and W U U ~ f f w i~h ll Lo the Sulten,

and with their unepariug swurde they struck lo the grouud

the heads of the compatlioua of Baji Rao e~rdmade heavy

slaughter.

.

Ei gb ty elep han ts and vleves uud muc11 plunder aud

proper ty came iuto ~l le i r lauds, aud thub city togotber witlr

th e surrou nding courrlry acknowledged the ru lc of th e

-u

Sult an, and he wit11 victory aud contlaesl, re lu rn ed

t o

Gbazui.

Then again in the year 396 of the Hegira t ho Sul i eu

decided to subdoe Alltlltat~, ud

he

gave ordera to the lradere

of th e arm y eajiug , Sh eik h Halnid Locli, Governor ol

Multan, used to he loyul to Amir S a b u k t a g i ~ ~r ~ dwould I I O ~

fr ee himself from his service, bu t aft er him Iris grand son,

.

Ab -ul-Fateb, wllose name

W ~ L

vnd, tlre eorl of Nuoir, tile

son of Sheikh H amid , an d wl~o

w g

a l~e re tic , t firet behav-

e himself according to the lltrbit of his father and grand-

fe ther cod couuted h im ~el f mong l l ~ eervants of tile Sultan ,

b u t when th e Sultan'rl urruy W LI occupied nt Bt~o~icrad

news was heard of him ond iu ~ p ro p e r eed s were commenced

to

be

done by him.

The King th at year, by reaeon of eome d e e i g ~ ~prehnd-

e to) ta ke no notice and eaid uo tl~ in g,but I I C X ~ y e $ -

he

dbfier rnin ed'to te ke Me revohgb.

,


12/65

Page

13

Ib sppeare from the writirrge of th e Zain-ul-Akhbar th sb

il

ord er th at he should tnieu:iderstnnd (Iris in ten tion), h e

Iefb thab road and wenb by anoth er road, And Anandpa l,

lrori of Jaip nl,

w e

stat ioned or1 th e road to stop the paeeage

of he 1Cio;; a arm jS, but ha a ab crushed (and) fled to

.

Caehmere. Atrd i t is said in the Iiie tibry of Alfi th a t a t th e

t imo ~vl ie ~ib-ul-Fateh learnt

uf

theJ, coming of the Su lta n

he eent a m n

to Aoandpal and aeked him for help.

Anandpal ;in order) to assist Ab-u l-Frrteh, went from

Lahore to Peehawar arid s e t ~ t few (of hie) noblce on shea d

to obstruot the road of the Sultan, in order thab the Su lta n

should be prevented from marching to Mnlten.

T l ~ e iug ill gre at wrath gave ordere to hie army to

dee trt~y he cities of Annudpal. Th e army attac ked eimul-

ta ue ou~ ly ud threw into cor~frisiou lie nublee of An aod pal

it, Peehawar. Aud when A I I ~ ~ I I P R ~ear11~h i u he fled, and

th eb arm y of the Sullau was still th us pu rs~ lin g rim when he

reoehed th e limite of Sodrn oil tlie borlkv of the Ch enab ,

w d then Ire gob frightened (and) tur ned hie face to Cash -

mere. Tlre Su ltan did uot go aft er him (bub) st ar te d for

Multen for his owu stiairs,

When Abeul-Fateh saw tllat the raja8 of In di a co l~ ld o

no tbiog , he elrut lrimself (und hie followers) up in a forb

and made,(lih, displeyed ) entreatiee arid excuaee, and pro-

mieed thab year by year he would eend twenty tholieand gold

molrure for (d ie King a) service urrd would promu lga te t h e

lawe of Lte Shcriat a ~ ~ denounce the religiou of the heretics.

Pagc 1.1.

Tile Su ltuu beuieged Blultan for eome days, b ut on thio p eacs

he

gave him binditrg pro~iiiuu nd pardoned th c Governo r

of

b I ~ ~ l t u t ~ .

gain, when hu was (occupied) in preparutionli

lor

hi

re tu rn , i t chanced th at envoge from Arsalun Jazib,

who

wae Quveroor of Herab, reuohed hi m and informed the


13/65

SuIban of the (advance of the army of I lak Kbau,

he

nltaa with a l l has te ent rus ted the a t ie i rs of ~ h a b i n d a o

Sakp al , who

wne

th e son of R (certain) raj a of Hinduetan, an d

a t the han ds of Abrt Ali S am ju ri hnd become a Mueelman,

and was also named Abuur,

slid

he (t~iluself) eut to Ghazni.

And the accorlnt of the cane of Ilak Khan W R t h r ~ a : o r

a long tim e th e Sultan 811d Ilnk Khan were

e

friendly

the t ies of fa ther- in-law and s , ,n - i l~- lawbetitted) to elrch an

estenb a has ~ lr el id y ee11 nlentioned, t ~ r ~ t i l ,n a c c o u ~ ~ tf

th e rnirrchief of i n l r i g l w a114

by reasoti of th e efforts of

slanderers that fr ieadal~ipwiis cI~~rngt.tlu t o e n l n i t ~ .

And when the Sri l tau s tar ted tow~rdeMultau aud there

were no warriors (lit. wreetlercr) lefc iu th e plains of IChoreeau,

I lak Kha n eaw his op po rtu l~it~ ylit founcl le isu re ) a d e t e r-

miued to sub due tlltrt corllrtry. H e selrt Yiy ew ~s h te g in ,

who was the co m m at ~ de r l ~ i s rmy, with greab ertny bo

Kho rasan, au d he uppoilrted Jaferteg iu as Governor iu th e

capital of Balkh. A ~ J ~ A I ~azib, G over t~or f Bera t , learnt

of thie occurrence n r~ d \.eat from H er et to Cihazni in order

l B t k u e ~ .

to protect the tllrone o f rho kingdom

And a party of tb e

chiefs of Khorasnn, by renqon of th e long absence of th e Su l-

tan, joined Ila k K1ia11. When the S l~ lt a n eached Ghazni, he

.collected an army like

t h e

people of t,he Da y of Reeor rectio u,

and marched to Balkh, nd w h e n J e f e r t ~ g i nelrrllt of bhe

com ing of bhe Su lta n, 11e fled from Balk h to T irm iz.

And A r ~ r l a n azib, by the order of the Srt lt tur,

went

from Hertrt iu prlrsoit of Sijcrw:cyh~egitra l ~ d t ar te d t ow a rds

Jlewnr-ul-Nahr.

Ilnk Khan asked Iielp from I< rder K h a n , K in g of C h i ~ ~ a ,

(and) Icadar Khrrri witah

5 000

men storbed to the a~ eis t~ an ce

of

I la k K h a l ~ , en d) I l ~ k l ~ a t ~ith t l re i~aly f Kadar brru

c rossed the Rive r Ju iu h~ tn , ud when (ouly) twelve kua

of

road remained to Balkh the arm y of the Sultan faced them.


14/65

. , I . ,.

~ he (3 ;l t an himsblf rr tanged the ' l inee

o f

hie a rmy. 'H e '

ent rusted ,bhe cent re to hie yoanger b ro ther ~ m i r as i r -nd- ,

d in , G ~ ~ v e r n o rf J ar jan and Abu Naer Fa riun ~ n d bdu lla

,

Tui. The r igh t w ieg he e n t r ~ e t e d ~ tolLun

'l'ash Hajib,

a n d .

appointed Arsalan Jazib

to

the

(cornmnntl

of the) lefb wing

with other Pathan troblea.

And with five hundred elephants, like in ou n~ ai as , Ibe,

made a o i t d e l i ~ ~ ~ f r o n tf hie line. h n d on the other sid e)

I

t

I la k K ha n l ~ i m ~ e l ftood in th e cen tre of lrie arm'y ; od

) . .

k r

16

apphiuted Kkd ar Kharl to the rig ht wing a i d etat,ioned

,

Jafa rtagin on hie lefc. Then b i t h a rn li u , like twp rivers of

mercury, faced oue anolher, and by the noise of (th e tram pl-

ing of) their horse; ~ n a d e he

&ode. , of the earth quake ; nd

with th e duet 'of th e , hoofs of the ir hordes tiley made ' t h e

.

8 I d .

t

plain of the s y dark ; a~ rd he fire of e trugg? a r ~ d b a~ ~ t l e

they kiudled wiblr the blast of th e* (t h ei r) rtttrcks.

On th e otlier aide 1lak ~ h a n imeelf became engaged

in the bat tl e, and on thie the Sul tan d i ~ m o u ~ ~ t e d .

from lliu

horee and bowed hie head ill proetratioh-]' before th e Pure

Qod and raieed the hands of prayere and entreaby end placed

reliance on the faveiir of ' the moet kind God, a n d h e m o ~ l t r t ~ d

,

a fieroe elephant and led a cherg e against 'the ar m y of 1 l a k '

Khan . I t heppened tllatl Lhe ~ u l t a n ' a lephanb eeized' th e

etand ard beare'i; of Il ak K hau with hie trun k and daehed

him on the grou ud

;

fter th at he came to bhe lines of t h e

T ur k s and deetroyed many of them. Whe n the Ghexie saw

.

that tt ie Sultan llimeelf hed cntered the held of bobtle, ttr

iav olu nta rily they ruelred forward toge the r and drew toheir

eworda an d killed many Turk e in bhat momeab. Ka da r

Ghe n, panic-etrickea, hopeleael of life, . flcd by tricke and

>

etratagem from the battle, and whsn he had cromrd the

watem ofitlie Ja ih u n, he reeted to w he re until h e reached hie

pwn countrg;.and never.again.had

a

thought

of

'Kho'taean;


15/65

n th e hiatory of Yemeni i t ie written thab

the

S u t t m

sfber th e flight of ll a k K h au pursuer1 the broken arm y, b u t

Pam 17.

i t was wiuter the re (a od) the ct ~l dwue limitless (aud) no one

hlrd etreligth (to endure it).

bloat of Lhe udblea deeired thab

they ehodd trot pursue the routed arnry, but ae the Su ltan

.

was himself exertirrg himself, they h ad, whethe r (hey like d

ip or not, to

go

two mlrc he e af te r tllern.

On

the t l~ i r d ~ ig t r t

1

,

they camped in

A

desert . T h e whole nighb 8no.w fell an d te e

cold allowed it4 severihy beyotrd lim it, aud

fur the Sultan

they pilched big te nt au d placed mauy brasiera

in

i t (aarl)

made the teut so werln that:most of

bile

people (iu

it.

were

ready to throw off th.ir clothes oo accoun ? of the heat.

At thab momenb Wulchalz cam e in a t the door of the

teib. 'Cke s u lt a n said to him q R jolre,

~ ~ C l n ,

a l c h n k ,ind

any to tlie Cald oatsidu why do yon die, a t ~ dwhy owing to

5

extrem e cold ar e you a t th e poiub uf de ath

;

we here are

ready iodeod

to

tak e off o w clothen on aicoudb of th e

heab.

Wulchak instant ly went out a n d , came i n again a t otlae

a ~ ~ did, gave th e Kiog'a gracious meseage to

tbe

Cold,

ntld he say8 elthough. my Ikar~d cu n~ lo t reach the Sulto n

nnd th e Sulbna'd nobles, ge t will ao eer ve his o th er serv ant 8

r

tJ1at to-morrow tlie S ~ il tn n and hie n o b l c ~at114 ohiecu will

(Irnve lo).r\tbrtrd to .th ei r \ l o r a e ~ lremselves, a1111 UP will

eee, uo failure i n dint eervice of. miue.

Ttre Sultcru, , el-

th o n g t ol~tw nrdly ie, treate d these words,

s

a jeer, jeb i n ,

,

hie heart he repslited him of his desig n at)& decided. to

return.

11,

hanced th a t thab very night newa cam e from Hin da e-

pw 1 ,

ta n thnh Abear llnd beconie enega de and had retu rned bo

his origin:\l religioo, and (ne) 'he enw

the field open to him,.

dB had driven

dub

all thd officials

of

the Su l tan,

I

:

; i 1 ,


16/65

The Sultnrn on bhe .morrow turned th e reine of hie ,

inbentions towarda tkes plsiue of Hindustan, and sta rted to

make the journey

y

regl;lar maiohes, and setib on firsb thore

nobles who .were in receip t of frze gr an ts or land in

Hinduatan.

They seized Abdar and brought him ho the Sutbaa e

wdien ce hall. T he Stiltan took frnm him four lakha of

rupees and bestowed thein on

Tegin

his treasurer. An d h

pub him 6. e., Abear) in prison and he died there. And

l

th

Sultan then returned to Ghtrzni (and) reelined upon t b

bed of comforb and waa at ease.

Ohce moro in th e yeor

399

of the Hegira, he oollecbed

his arm y, and with the intenti011of revenging himself upon

Anandpal, who had been di~respe ctful to him in th e Multan

campaign, he tnnrched to Hindnetan.

When Anandpa l l e ~ r n t f this, he asked hetp from the

(other) rajos of Hin dnst sn. As to th s Hindu s, a war w ith

Muealrnans appeared

to be a meritorious act, then all the

rajw, willirigly r nnrvillingly, collected together to such aa

exbeat ohat th e

Rajw

of Ujjain

aud

Givalior and Kaliujnr slid

Kanauj and Uelhi and Ajmir, all came eo his aeeistauce aud

sta rte d for the Puojab with tliek respective armies. And

so

they had collected it1

the

time of Am ir Sabaktagiu, the army

Pam 19

of this tim e was far greate r than thab; and the y came to

ge ther wibh Anandpal td bhe-plain8 of Peehawer.

Forby daya they lay in face of the Sultan, bub no one of

eibher arm y advanced to ba ltle. B ~ ib he a rmy of t he

infidels increesed day by day, and from every side people

conbinued to come

ta

ib to erich un extent thab the infidels of

. i hk be r also

joined

them

in

bhao expedition,


17/65

17

,

.

And bhey mad e eych efforte i n this \Qar

tlp

t he

infidel women used e eel1 , th e ir ornam ente ~ n dend (money.

for) expeneee after their husbands, so thdt their rnalee might

be free to fighb.

And th e wom'an who had no meaae would

epih the wheel and labour and eend (money for) expensee EO

tbe army.

W h en phe S u l t ~ nrealized th a t this tim e th e infidele

I

were wi th g rea t eingle-mindehoese preparing t h e m ~ e lv ie or

battle,, , . e d u g a,rrench on both side; of t h i a r m y and

ed, for battle.

I

Th en he aekh

1 000

archere 'in front

ired)

they nit tliclib aod,st;8tagetu excited t l l ibfidel o r b y a i d

drbw' them af ter t h i d ~ , unti l they had,b rougb t theinf idel

..

a rm y close to bheir own. And ' th e Muealrndne with greab

,

uoan imity occupied bbemnelvee in repelling the i~ ~f id el e.

A nd in egjbe of th e greab precautions of bh'e Sul ta n, an

ar my .of 30 000 of the igfidele of Kakhar, j'c~et,t1 the crieie of

th e battle,'croaeed bhe treochea on eith er eide a n d peoe&ated

to the rnideb of the cnrvalry ~ n dsed their pikee, swoide'ab&

4*gger.e e n d Lnmk ed obsr many m en an d Loreee, to euch ab

~ ~ 0 2 0

. . ,

exbenb. (iodeed) th at in the cwinklini ' of i n eye they mut i

I . .

marbxre'of

4 000

men. Inde ed , hhitigs. cam e to euch a pitch

t h a t th e s l l l k d w a s

ready even on acco~inb f tho Ka kh are

: I

~o Icnve.dhe field hnd rhop the b';ttle. y chance th e elsp hab t

of ~ n a n d p a l ob frighbened ab the, noise of:the gun an d' th e

+ell o f ( h a ) fled. T h e * r k y (of the,

Elide

th on gh i thab the rdjae h a J 't a k e n it o -flighb,'eo

1\11

e p r e ~ dbe

(newe of their) defeab (aad'fled).

Ab du lla Ta i, with fi-re or ,eix thousand. Arab traope, sad

Arsalan Jazib, wi:h

2 000

Turk, Pathan and ahi l zai

trooper^

for bwo nighte and dsy e purlued the b m k e n ' a r iy , killdd eight

ltbonaand infidels, an d kro ugh b

hick

t h i r b

,

e lephante i n d

much plunder ~ n d re e e n t~ d hemnilvee before the Srdtan.

T he Su lta n after this, to ' make firm t h e religion of th


18/65

Prophob determined (bo wage) a hdy war .againrb th

iufidela of Nngerkob, and to deebroy th eir idol-houere. and

bed. Aud a t th at tim e thab forb waa famoue a9 the forb

of Bbim, (and) when the Sultan reached in he ordered it

t

be besieged, and killed mhuy people in the neighbourbood.

And th a t fort had been uonetructed in the tim e

of

Raja

Bhim on the top of a hill, and the Hindus called i t Makhgan-

ul-Aenam or the Treasury of the Idule and the rajeb

of (all) countriee ueetl

to

eerid there gold and silver a t ~ d

peerli and rubiee add coral and 'oth er ricbeb,'and in doing so

they consdertid'it t be an ' ~ d v r ro t a ~ eoi

both

worlde.

FO;

pW2 .

th ie r e k n eo gr ea t wea lth ' tias n~l lec tedn' tbat fortrm i

ihab in the treaeury of kia'g were so much rich collected'.

a

~ n d bhqb fort was empty of brave men, an d there

r

no'o?e in ibe r tPb ~r ah m an s , h n i b u r d ~ j heir 'minda

were'eeired with panic, and rained oriee to th e ekiee

for

memy. And on the third day th e y 'o p e n d ibbe ' d k e of tbe

.

f b, and the Brahm sdi came and aalubed Sultan

Tben the S u 1 t a n ' ~ t h few special men entered bhe forb,

8:~s.

lakbe of Bold mohure and ?iahb h u n d red k au n d s of

b d ilver b e u d i and two hundred m au nb pure gold

and tko thoueind m t k ~ d ef vir n silver and bnenty maundo'

1 . .

of aesor( r re]? hioh had been collected there dnce th e

. '

~ ~ a . o fbim ind h d come in to the p o a ed o n bf t he oivil

offioQts; l\ e l l to thd sulta n,

,

nd afber this bbe 8ulan return-

ed to Ohecni.

And in the year 400 of bhe Hegira the Snltan when out

if tile oit; and'

.

. .hrona 'o f .gold nd eilier in h e H all

of ~ a d i ~ i o ? ,nd tsrqed ou t into (and arran ged). in the plain

(d l) the plunder which ha d fallen i,nto hi. hand8 du ring hn.

.':atb) journey;

aid

Inany people from the oity and from th e

- , .

.

AT -One lakhlrlOu 000. Ooo mrond-St poundr


19/65

(eur rounding) villages oame bo ee e- th e epeateale. And bhir

crowd

o

people rem ained aolleobed bogebhet for th ree d ry r ,

and enjoyed themaelves in various waye. And he diebribubed

th a t wealbh among pioua and poor men an d pleaeed th e

h e a r t s of the people. l a ~ t t ,

And in bhe gear

401

of the H egira he led hie at m y ti

a h o r . Muham mad Ben-Suri, ruler of theb country, oama

oub with ten thoueand mounbed men t o fighb th e Sultan, and

bhe ba ttle raged from bhe tim e of eunriee until m idday, an d

t h e Ohoris behaved with gre at bravery.

When bhe Sul ten saw their bravery he gave ordere and

led hie amry back e a triok. The Ghore thoughb thab th e

Sulben was routed and emerged from their trenohee a d

pureued him. When bhey reached th e middle of the plain

the Sulban ieeued (f reeb) order~nd (hie) eoldiere faced

about and slew many of the Qhorie and broughb Mnhbmmad

Ben-Suri a prieoner to the Su ltan . Bub he from (exoeesive)

grief licked a poieoned atone (whioh he had in hie ring) and

died in bhe Suitan a preeenoe, and bhab oountry aleo wer

inoluded in the poeeeesione of the Sul tan.

And iu bhe hiebory of Yemeni i t ie w i t ~ ~ nhab bhe

rulere of Ghor and bheeubjecba of thab plaae

bed

nob until bhen

coneenbed bo (embraoe) th e faith of Islam. Bub bhe au th or of

th e Tebkab Naeiri and Mubarek Sh eh Rozi, who wrote tb e

hebory of the kinge of Qhor in veree, ha re mid thab the

Qhorie had become Mueslmane in t he time of. th e Caliphate

of th e Commander of the Faithful Ali-ben-Abi-Telib, m y

God be pleaeed with him; ro d in tim e of the Bani-Umayad,

(when) all lue al m an e had spoken improperly a g d n l t tbs

PW U

deffiendaabe of the Propheb, on whom be p e w in h e

oountry of Ghor (alone) no one eaid any thing .(of the ,c t),

and

of

ir

rawstbb

.oounQ

b

proud

slbavo

oll. ~thet)

o?w@ip8e


20/65

40

.

Ag ain in the same year th e Sul tan wenb a seeond tim e


21/65

'is'my .petition ,'thel Thaneear ie the place of ro rs b ip of th e

peapie of bhie country, and (even) if in the religion cf the

Musalmane ib ie (coneidered) a meritorioue aob to brebk idole

.

bhat (meriborione) work

rua

accompliehed in the breaking of

th e idole of Nagarkot. Now if the King will accept

aa

corn-

peneation) th e coeb of hie corning and will

fix

upon thaee people

yearly tax and will retu rn without moleeting them , sleo

.

will, ae a bhankoffering that my prayer haa been gran ted ,

send to (the King's) du rba r every year fifty elephants and

many kinds of offeringe

The Sultan gave answer: In the religion

of

the

Muealmane ib ie (la id down thad thie ie) a meriborioue aob

.

bhab any one who may deetroy th e place of worship of th e

heathen he will reap gre at' reward on the day ofjudgm ent,

and my intention to remove entirely idole from bhe oitiee

of Hinduetan. How then can prevenb myeelf from going

P ~ 2 6

to Thaneear,"

.

In ehorb, thie news reached the Raja of Delhi, ( m d he

prepared himself to war with the Muealmane and eenb

meeeengere

to

every parb of Hinduetan, and mid to the

Rsjaa "Sultan b la b~nud , wioh a greab army, hee etarted

for Thaneear. Now if to thie greab flood we do not oppose

by a etrong dam, then ib will be eoon thab be

will nob leave

the plant of wealth, of small or greab, in th e plain of thi s

country.

o

is therefore better tbat we ehould remove thie

danger with one consent '

Bub the ~u lb a neached Thaneear before they oould oollect

together, and when he saw th e oity em pty (of defendere)

he plandered ib ab his ease, and broke all the idole and

eenb (the idol) Jagsum to Qhazni (with ordere tha t) i t ehould

be placed in th e road, so th at every ocle lnighb pges

ver i b

and trample ib under hie feet ; rnd he found

t

greab

w w o k i the

templee'tbe%

b ould

tr

haunted

.


22/65

And ib ie relabed by Ha ji hu ba m m ad Kandabari th rl

in

one temple a piece of ruby wacl found, wbicb in weigbb WM

.

.

50. miskale, and no ane had ever eeen or heard of such

a.

piece. . .

And the Sultan afber thab victory determined to'eubdue

Delhi, bub hie nobles begged him, eaying

: Ib

is then necee-

eary bo go to Delhi when tbe Punjab from one end .to

anobher ehall come ,into our poeeeeeion and our m in d e

A.nsnd

pat.

e ab e u e from our anxiety regarding (the inbention of)

ly 26.

Tb e Sultan approved of thie counsel, and despatched e

lit tle lea's than two hundred thousand slave-ginle and slavw

ftod tbab country and returned to Ohazni.

' I t s said that thab year they counted thehiby of ~ h a z n i

b2

b 'o n e of the ci ti es of dindue tan, because many slaves and

e l e ~ e - ~ i r l ead fallen to each noble. And in bhe year

408

o f ,

.

.

th. ~ d ~ i kl t b n t a e b ,he cbm nabdei-in-chief, and ~ r k a n

~ h l bodqherad' Oharjiitian and captu red Shah Sa r knokn u

~ $ u ' ~ a e a r ,who

a )

ruler of thab country, and broughb

. ,

,

him to Gbazni. '

. ,

a n d ' while, ' t h e y were taking Shah 8.r to Ohazni they ..

.

. .

enbruebed him to a elave, and b b e b

'el&

bhought to himself,

I 1 '

ib..is righb

,.

bbab

I

ehouid send a letter home bhab the

pepole of (my) house ;hall know of my coming. Sq he

mi$ t i 8had

.

a r :' Wribe a Irbter for me that

1

may send t ,

,

home

I

Shah r forbade him muob, but bhe elave would nob

lervw him (in pbaw). So as. he w uld nob help himeelf he

book

s

pen in hie hand, and wrote: "Oh useless, undeeirsble,

obrp~slesr vil-living. onel. Are you

in

bhe belief Jbab 1

d;

;,

~ d - h o n a o l . ~

0; r d

ow

:Job

W P I ~ p t O p y ) g


23/65

ua lawful (pleaeuree) ae if do nob know of ib. ou

ppend

th e d ay in d rink and the nigl~ b ou amuee etrangebachelors;

.

you bave ruined my home atld lost my honor. If ever reaob

you eafely, will reckon with you und give you a leeeo~.

When he had finiehed the letter he pu ta eeal on

i

(and

.

bloeed the envelope (and) gave ib to the elave. When bhe

elsve eenb th e peper to (his) home end (when) hie wife under-

ebood ibe purport,ehe wee eeized with panic end anxiety urn

age 37

bora (in her mind). S h e thoughb in her hearb thab Borne

enem y mighb have made false aocueation rgaiusb her bo her

huebend and liave slandered

he r to him. So for fear of her

huebsud e l e took

a

few female slavee with her and lefc he?

home, and wenb and hid hereelf eomewhere in a co rnen

And when bhe slave had brouglrt Shah Sa r

to

Gbaani be uenb

to hie home, and

whab doee he eee (there). The door

ir

oloeed, and t her ei e no one in the house. H e etood bewildered

tcsr

a

while. Then when be had opened tbe door hie (once)

inhab ited houee appeared deeerbed to him. Neither did

h

eee hie wife nor did his eerva nb appeer. Th e ela re aelted th e

.

neighboure (and) bhey told

him uf the paper. The elare

etood for some time in g rief lamenting aud eigh iag,

m

saying:

said nothing (of the kind).

Then he weob end

fetched hie wife and meda many apologies to her.

And in the fireb aesembly when they brought S hah Sar

to the presenoe of bbe Sul tan, bhen (eome) cheerful friend,

told the whole etory of bhe elave to the Sultan. T he Su ltan

laughed , aa d eaid: Wboever etepe beyond hie proper level

an d behaoee dierespeotfully to th e great, deeervee thie

very

puniehmenb.

Then th e Su ltan in bhoee very daye wrote

a

letter to

the Caliph, Abbaei, nhose title w u .A l- K d ir -( lb il lr b (and).

'

bbe purporb of it WM this moeb of the citiee of Khoraesn


24/65

are in orlr poeeeedon. hope (therefore) thab eome of

ibe

pa@2 1*

oiti'ee of Khoraean, which are in the hande of your ealvee, will

also be refb to these (m y) people. Ae the Caliph had nob

bhe rtreiogbh to

go

to war, wee forced to agree to th ie

propoesl.

Anobher tim e bhe Sultan again eeut him

s

ebber, and

wrote in ib, ('Leave Sam aroand aleo to me. The Caliph

I

Aid , u k sheher from the Pure God from bhi. nil. not f

do thie thing, and if you intend to take i t without my cobsenb

will make th e whale world ehakedupon you?

.

The Sulbin wes very angry ab thie saying, aud eaid:

Do

you wish th at should go bo you with thouuands of elephanbe

and upset your kingdom and level all your villagee and cities,

,

and having loaded their dueb upon elephante thab should

brin g i t to Ghazni.

The meeeebger heard these words and etarted off(home.)

-

When eome time bed e la p ed , he came again and broughb

paper.

The Sultan took hie eeab and (his) alavee atood in lines

before him , and he posted grea t elephante ab the door of hie

Durba r and gob ready hie army; At theh mom ent the mee-

senger placed a ~ e a le d aper on the throne, and eaid, The

Commander of the Fai thfu l eaye, 'Your anrwer ie tbis.'

Kbweja Abu Xeear i o z a i , who was the head of the offioe

\

bf'lebtere, opened the *per (and) eaw in i t fireb written th L

In the name ot God the Merciful, the Compauio~te

Qben on the eeoothd line theee lettere were writben

eeparately in bhie w ay--A-L.M-8-L-M, and afte r thab th e

letter

waa

thus

:-

. ,

P8ga39.

'gPnlc.e

be to

God

Lord of the World, and

peace md

aafety

be an

liia Prophet Muhimmad and on

all

hir deaceadnntr.

o

.

Xhdn

u

nothing bore. The ~ u i t l ro nd ell bhr other


25/65

wribera were confounded a nd did nob underabaod th e mea n-

in g of i t in the least,.

Th en they read every eingle verse

of t he G r e at K ~ i r a n n d saw i ts c ~ m l n e n t e r ~ ,ub no p~i rporb

of could be a scer tu iued . Kl~ wa jn bu B ~ k r rhss t an i , who

was 11 i ll then the p~ ~sse ssorf (any gre at) rauk, plucked u p

courage, a n 3 said

: T h e

gracioue Sultaii had mentioned

elephan te to destroy thab coun try,

8

i t muat be tbab the

Caliph in reply tto your words bae wr itteu (t h e veree of th e

Koran, which means)

:

Oh d o you

not

era

how

your

Qod

hem treated

the

friend6

of the

alephdnts.

The Sul tan on

heariog

cheee words fell down ernueleoa

through fear. wh e n a f te r

a

whild he cam e to himbelf, he I p t

mu ch aud m ade excuses to the mtsspnger a ~ l d a e n t im back

with

many gifr,s and gave Abu Bekr a spt.citr1 rob e of

honour and promoted h i ~ no Llle dignity of a uoble.

And in the year 404 o f b h e d ~ e g i r n ,he Sultbn led hi8

ar m y to th e Forb of N au du na , whicli is situate d on the bill

Baluab.

And ab thie t im e Aoandpal died. H is eon, w l ~ o

r

graridson of Jaipal and wae Governor

u

Lahore, had 1101 t he

e t r e ~ ~ g t ho fight him , (antl) leaving few warriore

n

N a ~ d u n a ,

w en t to a (cerbain) valley

u

Cehemere. T h e Su ltan broieged

bhat forfrees, an d prep ared what wae requ isite for m nk ing e

hole arid de stro yin g the fort; bull those people were hard -

role

80.

premed and begged for mercy, and m ade over bhe fo rt ~ f e

an d complete to the Sul tan.

T he S~ llba n took po~ne~clion

f

the forb and appointed

bruebworthy man to (hhe ch arg o

of

i t and went a f te r Js ipnl ' r

grandson LO that valley of Caslbm*re (which hw alrccrdy bee11

me ntiuned), au d Jaiysl'r graudot.m the uc e fl,d elyewbere. Tho


26/65

Sultan 'pluodc'red mach weal bh in th at valley, a c d reconoiled

ma ny 'people to ' ( jo ioi og the ) blutialman 'f a it h , bhen h e

returned to Ghazni .

Add in the yea r

406

of the Heg i ra, the Su l tan m ad e a

$n' of (cor,quering) th e count 'ry of Cashm ere, an d when he

weot ' the re he besieged t8he s tro ng for t of Lo hko t; bub

when long t 'ime

had

elapsed and much snow fell , and the

.

cold 'becrmo "e xt re m e (lit . victorioas) lind rei~lftlrcernents

f

beyond n u m b ., r 11ad renched t h e fort*, he raised Lhe sie ge an d

stbr:te d

bnckr . to iG lnz~~i .

Au d .in t h a t j ou rn ey h e l o s ~ is

way

an d reiiched a pltrce wllerc

L I C

tvt~oleplain was full of

w a t ~ r . . W h e re ve r key went they saw 11ci1g11t u t water,

and io thab \varer Inally met1 ptdrished,

I L I I ~

his was the f i rs t

( rniafor tul le ' d l ie to ~JIIJ)vil eye whicli hed b-frl lrn t h e

Sultau'a prnly ill iln jt,tlrne .s ill H i ~ ~ d u s t . a n .Af ter some

d ~ y e

h e y , with libany d evi ces a nd efforla,

go^

free from thab

water aud weob to Ghazni.

B u d

i l l

th at very yea r Ab-111-Abbas J l a ln u ~ r, ing of

Khoarazm, wrote a le t t e r of f r ie l~ dbhipo th e S ~ l l t a uaskirlg)

for (the hand of) hie sister. T h e Su lta n accepted th e (offer

in t h e ) p s p r r and s ent h is s i s te r to IChuaruzrn.

Page 1.

Atld i r ~ he yea r

4 7 o L l ~ e

Hegirt,

a

b ~ u d f brigan&

made 8rt l a~ , t , t ~ : k

11

t , l ~ t tK i ~ l g f [ < I I ~ L ~ + I Z I I ) , and killed I~iln.

Thb S

: & ~ I

f r i ) mCfii:~z i went to Bi~llth , l ld t l r c ~ ~ c eta r t ed

dr. K l s o ~ r a z ~ n .

I ; 1

W l l e ~ ~'e re ac he d K h i z r U o ~ ~ d n r ,I I th e front,ier of

K ho ara z~ n , he made J luhaml l rad l ui he Chief of an army,

aad s e n t hiin in frorlt,. W l~elr th e peop le of Gh azni

h

e ~ ~ c a l n p a dn d wcsre sttrildi~ iy

u p

f i ~ r

he

morning prayer ,

Khkmar Taah, who

way

~ i i a e ' rd ~r of t h e I


27/65

T h e Sulban senb a large a rm y of pioked m en (lib. plaree)

a f t e r them and when they ctrme u p with them they ca ptu red

Khamar Tash and brought

him

to th e Sultan.

W l ~ e n he Sultan reached

he

fortress of Ha enraep, the

eoldiers of Kho arazm collected and ma de a

simultaneous

abback on the Sultan's arm y, and fuugllt deepe rately.

Bub

Ohey were bruken, ar~dAl ap tag in Bo khari, who wsm th ei r

,

leader, fell iuco cap tivity . W hen th e Sulta n wont to,K,hoararm

h e firab ret alia ted on th e m urd ere rs of Ab-ul-Abbee (by

kill ing them), then he glive

to th e noble Altum Taeh th e

bitle of th e K in g of K l~ o ar az m , nd bestowed orb hi m th e

cou ntry of Khoa razm and Arkao d together with i te surronnd-

iog ( couut ry ). And when thence he came to ~ b l k h e

,

,:

ga ve t he country of H er at to his sot) Am ir Masud, and m ad e

M uham ma d Ben Hu set~iu Zuzni his de pu ty , aud eenb him

wibh him. A n d t h e coun try of Ko rka n h e ga ve t'o Ilia

son A m ir Mubarnmad an d senb Abu B ak r Kahae tani with paoe a

him.

And when

the

Sulban was (once more) ab leiours frbm

%b he ffair8 of K ho ar ez m , ib was then win ter 'time', an d

he

gav e an ord er (saying)

:

. We mill paaa the winberein-

Bub

.eo bhab the soldiers may be in cornforb.

u

An d in th e ear ly sp r in g of the year 409 of bhe Hegira,

when th e nights arid da ys are equal ;in length) an d th e

eoldiery of v erd ure aud flowers ~ ~ o st o n d i r ~gn the meadowe

of th e plains a nd groves, aud th e pure air and fragranb

breeze had conqu ered bile furtrees of th e buds, th e Su lta n,

with a lakh of eamarv and twenty t h o u s a ~ ~ dnfantry, who

ha d aseembled wit11 th e iute ntio n of (jo iu il~ g) boly

war from Tu rkestan , from DIaw ur-ul-Nahr aud frurn &h ots -

b an a n d from obher countriee, alerte d for Kanauj.

I . ' : f


28/65

. 4 . .

,

.~ . .

..

:

.

Now th at .couutry rbfter th e invasion o f) K as ht w p ti ll

. .

bhen had

never fnlleu in to the hendo of any foreign (con-

qtlerer), arrd'from Ghazrri to that place it was three moothe'

journey, aud there were seven very large river6 to be croeeed.

When the Sultan reached th e fron tier of Cashm ere,

tbs Gavertror of C u h ln er e presented many thitrgs wo rth

-offeriug' .before th e Sultan, and ntarsed a t

t h

hetrd of his

army f o r , (th e Sultan'e) service. When th e s, ,ldiere o f

I d t ~ m ad traversrd many llbHga8 aud had b rrived a t Kunouj,

the y claw a g reat , firm, atron g hwb, so (gr ea t) th at

o

spectator

would thiuk thab its head reached LO the sky. Arld t h e

raja of that place was called K,~rah,aud ) when he saw th e

k g ?

83

(Sultau'r) ar m y he was rot ~fo riu drd ab the ir grtrn de ur

anal pwny and wna terrified, in hie Iiearb there re m a in e d

,uo itlea of figI~ ing, and

re

seut eorne mou to tile presauce

of

the

S u l ~ a u , ayiog

:

I

ubey bhe ordara

of

the King," and he

himself, wiih affecbion a d ioceriby, descended from the forb

with his greab an d small eone, and according bo t h e w rit in gs

of EJ&ib-UR-Siyer (ib appea rs t ha t) he alno embraced Islam.

Aud

th e Sultan af ter three days s tar ted for th e forb of

Meerub. T h e raj a of thab fort, who was called H ar w ct ,

entrusted tbe fort to tru stw i~r th y men, and himself wenb

away

to

alloth er place (lib. to one side ). And the people

in the fort saw thab they had no power of resistance, so they

prcseuted (to the Su ltan ) ten bhousarid times one thou sand

d ir l~ am a, which ie two

lakhs

and fifry bhousa~rd upees, an d

thirt.y elep han ts, and obtairled peuce. Again, th e Su ltan

t - .

frqm hhab place star te d for th e forb of Mahawan, which

fo rt in b uilt orr th e bank s of th e Ju n water.

A ed th e raja of

th a t fi,rt wue c d e d by the ne rne of Kalchand. H e mouihtc.d

. .

an lepharlb and detv rmiued to ctosu th e water.

T h e a r m y

o

s

&Iwn *rb*d r h r r

bim

(and) whwm rhe w im p


29/65

near bo him, bhat unlucky ttyrant drew (his)dngger frbm (it s j

ebe ath (a nd ) first cu t off tlre head of hie wife an d eon, th en

h e struck himbelf

o n

tlie breast and seut himself to Irell.

And in tlrnt plaae

RO

much plun der fell in to th e Sulban'r

hands that no one c o ~ ~ l doririt ib. E ~ g l r t y grent elephants

alone were (found) iu ib. \??hen the Su ltan was ab leisu re

from tha t uffair, sorne one (caused to) pkise to his auspiciode

Page t

ea rs (t he news) thab iu those pa rts there was a city called

Muttra, (and) bhat Krivhn Bas Dev, whom the Hindue call

prop het, was borii i ~ riiat city , and (t hn t) in extenb (lib. build -

ing a) or populatiotr no otie had seen in th e world a city li ke

it . And the re were

su

many wonders and curio sities in ib

thab no one can (enough) extol

tlrenr. T h e Su ltan on hear-

i n g t hi s a c c o ~ ~ t i tm~nedi t r te lystn rtr d for th at place. And

although tliae city was snbjrct LO the Raja of Delhi, still nb

one appeared to stop the

King's

(advance.) H e reached hia

destina tion withoub anxie ty and withoub interference, a nd

plunde red th e city and bu rn t tile idol-houses of bhe ciby and

neighbourhaod,

slid

broke the idols and much wealth c a w

in to hi8 hands. And he was so astonished a t th e eighb of

those buildings (which

he

found there) thab hessenb

A le bter

to th e nobles an d chief# uf Ghazui, and wrote th ie p aragra ph

i n i t :

Iu

this city there are a thousand buildings with

foundations as strong)

as tlie slry a nd moeb of

them

a re

bu ilt of ma rble, and the re ar e so many idol-houses in them

th a t they are beyond coun ting; and if an y one should desire

to build such baildings , then if he were to spe nd a lakh of

gold moliu rs on exper t bu i lden , he would ( I ~ ~ r d l y )omplete

i in two liundred years.

Q ~ ~ J

I t is said bhat he found am ongst them

f i v e

idnle.of pure

.gol d, in th e eye-sockets of which they pub eapph iree (and)

all those sapphi res were valued a t fifby thousaud rup,ees.

Tbsra waa wnubber iifol

of

gold in wbioh

they

h kl

ineer(ri?cl

p,~lrg,


30/65

plate of em erald s, which in weighb was 400 miskale. When

ilt 'd had broken u p th a t idol e ight thoursnd three hu nd re d

mis.kals of gold were got from it, and of idols of silver, great

.aqd emall , there were morc t ha n o ne h a n d re d , ( ~ t n d )when

.they broke the m all up they loaded a hund red camels w ith

thew . After th is tbe y se t fire to all the buildings, (and )

,

,whea twen ty fdays had passed they mar ched from th ab

place.

~ d d

b is wribben in th e hietory of Alfi t h a t bhe Su lt an

he ard thab in thoee perte there were on the ban k of th e ri ve r

eeven greab forts,

so

he seb ouh in th a t d irect ion . And t he

ruler of those forts used to pay trib ute to the Delh i Rnjs,

.and whgn he learnt of this he fled 'Che Su lta n reached thoae

forte an d was tak ing a view of th e (nurronnding) counrriea

(when) i chance d thab his eye fell on an idol-hooee whic h,

in bhe b e l i e l t f the Hind us, was stand ing for four thousand

years. I n thrbse forte an d idol-houses ev ery thin g thab th e

Mueatmane found the y took poseession of, a n d ab t h e King'e

ebirsup they started for th e fo rt of Mauj.

And i n thab fo rt the re were many brave men, an d they

h a d pub euppliee (suf ficiel~ l) fur a long bime i n ib. The

Su ltan besieged bhoee people for fifteen day e and lefb th em

la o way

of

going an d coming. When the y underutood thab

. be. Sulban would con que r th e fo rt by force, eome of bhem

.

deecended form th e forb an d slew themselves, an d eome w ith

th ei r women t\nd eous t hre* thelnsel vee int o fire, an d eome

opened th e gabe, took the ir deggere an d knives in the ir

.ha nd s a n d foughb euch a fight with th e Mueelmane theb

Pago

S6

bhey were all killed.

T h e Sulban broughb the plundered property idt o hie

$oeeeesion: and sb once sta rte d for Chandpal'e forb. Ch and -

pal, hi&olf eaw

(bhrb he'

had)

no

e t r o q t h t o fighb 80)

,I;....


31/65

with hie family and prnperty f led to the mountains.

T h e

S u lt a n took possession of (all) properby rem niu ing in bhe

forb, an d divid ed th e slores of g ra in am on g hie soldiers.

Then he dec ided to g o bo th e hom e of th e infid el

Ch sn d Rs i .

H e also did like Ch and pa l the y fled to :he

hills with tiheir prop ,rty and poesessione.

And Chand Rdi had an slepllanb which the Sultan had

.

many t imss t r ied , a t a great price, to obbain bub he could

.

no t g e t io.

A n d (a bo ut ) tllnt ti m e thob eleplianb, withoub

i ts a t tendant ,

ran

B \ V A Y

from l t i e ca m p of Cban d Rai , and

cam e straig ht to the Sultao 'a tenb. T he Su lta n gav e

ordern and the y seized it , au d he was mu ch pleased.

.

And he gnve tha t elephanb th e name of Khod adad i.

e.

God-given).

Th en w h en t h e S u l t an a r~ i v ed

n t

G h azo i ,

h e c o u ~ ~ t , e dp the plu ~r de r wlrich he had t aken in the

expe dit io n bo

(

lit. the pluuder of 1Knntiuj.

I t t u r n e d oub

:3

(bo be) tw enty thou sand gold pleces and a tl ~ o u sa n d houeend

rupees and f i f ~ y l ~ o u s a ~ r dlave, female and male, and thr ee

h u n d red an d fifty e leph an ts , a r~ d t h e re was ~ n i ~ c htber

.

roper ty .

Then the S ~i l ta n ave orders , saying : Build a Jlusjid-i

.

ja rt ~ i , which Plzbl~at~sall

t h u

F r ~ d

y

mosque' sf marble,

.so thno

i l l

some pI:lces there

lortg bo

hqu~ rre blocks of m arble)

n r ~ d ~ r ome Irexag mal, a ~ r dn some octago~ral,and it1 s o m a ,

cy l i r rd r i c~ l ,~o that spectators may be ns~ ouud ed t ( the

~ ~ 3 7

beau ty of) the sight, of i t ,n ud when he had built th at mosque

,

h e

pu t in

i

such carpets nnd lamps and oth rr thing s

of

be au ty , tha t cheerful youths used to call ib T he Brid e

of

Heaven. And in th e neigbbourhoud of th a t mo sque

. he

built a school aud coli,,c ,t.d i t tilt: buokg of every (kind

of) wiedotn end elldowed tlret mo6que au d h a t scl~o olwit

(the revenues of) many villagee.

An d aeptb,e Yu ltae-dM .


32/65

hie work with (great) 'enthusiasm , every noble begao t i

build in .hie own pro pe rty mosqoes, schools and rest -houses

for travellers. I n a lithle while many buildings re eu lk d

thqb they could not be counted, And in t,hab journe y, the

Sultan had bro ug ht bird from H ind us tan (which was) like

a dove (and) should any one mix p oi ~o n n th e food and

bripg th a t food , to bhe aesembly, then th at b ird ,would

_ . . I

b r a m b l e ~ , e s t l h l yand ' shad tea s invol,untar,ily. H senb.

bhil w ith a a q y (othe r) o fferings bo th e ~ a i i ~ h ' ~ l - K ' i d r - 0 ' :

Billah of. ~ . a ~ b d s $ .

. , ,

And he had found a, Atone in HindortAd thab, dok ev er

8 .

muoh *

m n

was h ou nd ed , when they ~ c r i ~ e d ' t h s btone

in

:

ator an 'd rpub o 04 bhlb wound, i t would instanbly b e g i i to

. .

h3al:'And in bhiy;ar 400 bf th; Hegira he Rent'ta Baghdad

I

oll of conqbesbs in'whidh all

( hh )

conqueate of Hindintan

k e ie writ ten.

~ h e ~ a l i p h

f Raghd'ad, on the da y he iecei've'd

t h a t ' 'assembled a grea t 'gabheridg and draeied thdb

tlldb roll of conq~iestir shou ld be rend 'from . the pulp its

before (all) the people, so that the, people mighb be ' infoihed

of bhe exaltation "of th e sbandards of Islam and o f ' t h e de-

struction of bhe (very) root of bhe heathen trud return thank8

to God and g reat ly app land Su lta n Milallmud of ,Ghazni, a.hd

pray for hin,( furth er) conquest and victory. And o n . thab

day there wae such rejoicing in Baghdad se one.rejoicee,on

the day

of

the Id-and' (to du) this was (but) fitting,

l inismuch'

ju st a$ 'tbe companions

of

the Pro phe t did .a

(g reat ) work in the cibieo of Arabia, Per8ia;Turkey an d

Syria , such

a.

work did . the Sultan do in Hiudu stan (end)

gai'ned both this world and th e next.

And

in

th e year

412 of

the Heg ira, the wise and pio w

unanimouely petitioned th e St ~l t.r o, ,ryiug: "For a long time

. tbe ,Sulba~ .goaevery year t H i u d ~ ~ e t t t oor a holy wtrr to

gain rew rd in heaven, and there dieplaya the etrrndud of


33/65

Ielam, br~ton bha (very) toad bo bhe Hou sa of

G d

kc,

Mecca) th e dwellere iu th e deeert, and th e Kluamatao hnva

gaioed th e asc6ndanay and th e Abbusi Caliphe have no

power, eo Muenlmans .lmvecremained (eo) unfortuna te (ar to

lose) the reward of pilgrimage. f e o m e t h i ~ gwould be

done to help them i t wor~ldlbewell.

T b e Sulturn rrocepted bheir war& (of advice) (an d) made

one Abu Mu ham mad Naaahi, who wm bhe.bead of th e Qa'zie

of

th e Sulturn'e domieiooe, Lord of th e Pilgrims ,

s d

gave

him bhirty thoueaod piecee of gold for those dwellere in tb e

t a p .

deeert who used

to

attack th e osravane aud eeut liim

to

t h e

House .)fGad, aod m3oy people, noMea nnd poor slrd derti-

tut e, grea t s o d am rll ,et er kd with him. Afber many marcher

dwellers. in th e deeert, eocordiog to their anc ient cnetom,

were holdiog th e road and would ,lot allow th e carnvan 1

ad van ce . Qeei Ab11 Mullalnmad Neeahi, as peace-offering,

eent them five tlto~rsaadpiecee of gold, and esid to them

Take thie and leave bhe road (open) to ue.

The chief of Lhe dw tlle re in the dr se rt , whose oem e

w s Hum ad-bin-Ali, would 11ot mak e pence elrd prep ared

hi8 force and advanad with

be

i ~ t e o t i o ~f. raiding

towards the oatavea.

1

ohaooed tbat in

the

a m v a n t bere

wos a Turk eleve r h o ass very ekilful a b archery; he drov e

en srrow

t

Hamad and r ~ r n o k im fa ir i n the bead, u l d

h

fell headlong from h i horee.. Imm ediately t he deuerb

men

ook bb body

ao d fled.. .

Qmzi Abu Mubammad Nasahi, with heart

b

ootlCioned hie pilgrimage aide md mnnd,

a d

n puse

rskrrned (home).

And in tbab very year, tb at h in the

yeai 42

f bbe

Begin, tlw $ u l kn h e u d

b h

bbe in fid eb of E indruCro

bad


34/65

8 pqkeq very,

i ll o f th eR ej a r f Ka oauj , who was ca lled K ora b ,

, r

'and

bJad blam ed him, aayitlg: "W hy ha ve yon obe yed th e

-1 l i

order s of Strltau 'Mullmud

?

u ~ ~ dutlda, the

Ryjs

of

,TCqli~~jt ~ p r e ~ j e da t d killed Kot.aI1.

4

, . .

P L ~

W he s t119 Sul tan h e k d illin od;h he p iepa red a la rg er

force th an (he Itad) the' first titn e au d \;errti af tb r Nan d; to

H i n d ue t an W h e n h e re ac he d t h e e iv er J u n , t h e g ~ a u d e o n

,qf J,qipqI, >lvfi .,%e of th e Punjab , ,who h ad of ten f led

from Llie Sult an, adv anc ed to help N an d a to the ce nt re of

,(I

bhe Snltarc'tl lruutei

to

.opp?se th e $u.ltau's ar m y. B u t th e

. n al e r 3 9 s d ~ b pa~lB) .guuuc .c.rild cross to , t h e o th e r

.bmIr

. .

, '

3 . . , .

B u d d e u l y e@b of. t h e

sultan'^

.picked ~ l a v e e ,rossed the

.

. .

~ybber.with u r u e b , , a ~ ~ dliqy threw fbe whole of t b e a r m y

.of .$uipal'e g r u ~ ~ d s o nnko coofiieiou atld made them fly

kefo re k l~e rn , )Juipml'a grt lt~ dsu n wi(ll~ few me n fled a n d

'tbe

igbIl)

el t~veswunt on , and ~ k g r e as a ci ty near and th e1

plundered i b n o d d e u ~ r u j e d

,iy

templed, aud i shou ld be

L'vidcub to the wis,e t h a t

cigllt

.(clleve) youths,csooot:break

I

all a rmy, bu t ~ h u e e igh t slavee .wcre ( iu reul i ty) ,nob les (aud)

P-1 F .

..,

1 :

) 1 i 3o r o u e d ?dl t he ir o s s f ir ce s, a n d ~ l l e i e f v i e i ley h a d

: qc I

d o n e . s o

.

g r e k t . a wuvk;"From tllub pluae be took h iB a r k y

t 6 w a r d e K . \ l i ~ ~ j s r .ande wi th 36,000 m o u n t e d ' men aud

.

45,000

CiboL~~~uun d G40 e l e p l l u ~ ~ l an~ l ie u t to (give) ba l t le

t o tlre S u l ~ n l ~ ,

Tile S ~ Ian bscended ti 1;illock a bd sut veyed th e a r m y

o f LUaada ;

as

i t h y p r u d . Lu 11inl,(bo be).very g r k t (in:

~kqrnber) 110 ercgrobted lravipg com e ; Ile beub his .head in

p r a y a b i p n .

uud

pr iye d fur viotvry. an d conquest to Clod. b

happened th a t . th a t u ighb a g reab pan ic ,f ee l on , t be h e u b -

,of,

Naugu ; l ~ eef t ail

hiu

property trod .war material, and

3 ; ....

rum psi, led

riwtiy.

. , .

..

' ,.

,

, . , ,

,

. I


35/65

(.

. 'Netb

-day bhe

king

.?iouhbed {bie hqyes) add:fiiob

he

'Page 41,

eearohed for- (a;*) pfapee Urambus)l;ad ,when.L h 6 i f e ~ ( o f ,

-

Eieaobel'j; end deceit .on the'pritb'ol t ~ h e e t h e n ~ ~ w a a ~ ~

I

,pelled,

be

b,egan:to p l u d ~ e ~ . rr. + '

b i l ~ i l.

.

..

..

IT kinde and eorta and v&iet?& of tbih gi fall ihto

hende of the Muealman eoldiere Aleo in those pwtcu they

f0i.i 58 elephants in e foreat. And

e

h e waa h o i a t ed8d

in hie mind regarding tbe Punjab (whichS\;ae) i n his'-

he

I (was . ptiflfied,... thab

.

ye9y w j l t (lyv ing pone) that-wo rk

.

L4I.i.

. -

,

, .

.-',)

.A

taod), etaped to , ,

.

r b . . . , .

..

, ?d c:*.,w

2r . i

: rd

, ,.Againi :i n thdae

:,.roigtd4ye

peva. l;esc.he , i tp @,b t b

N p L e o f

Fi rab

,

B I ~N a t d i "

,.

w , b j p h a r e ; c ~ ~ n $ $ : ~

~h

.,ithiti thd knit* f Hiodustan. lla dn qt pln,qed: o @ tJ y ,k l t~ + :

de m ob th e i r necke abd :hsd. u i q e d t h e i r . : b e ~ ~ $ . q ( t y q ~ d

f r o b : i h e o r d e p o f :

tha.

lave , of

Y

u ~ ~ ~ q q ~ ,q,yhPq kp

pe&e;-(ahd> were w e t l y ieda lgin g, b,idolgtryi,,;

.,,;I

.,I,,

Tlie S ulltan tabk $ith hini'.&~r


36/65

: A nd in t2le.year'4lP of th e H eg ir a he dotermined (bo

go) bo Ceshmere, sod he (therefore) beeieged T~ohkob, s

Rpetlb one m onth there , bu t they were firm ( in t hei r defence)

rind L I I ~rrrud of tho Scl lt an wae no t (victorious) over them.

e

retired from th at place (and ) went to L aho re (a nd ) 8enb

hie brmy in every direction to plunder and raid ( a ~ ~ d )hey

collected an extrem ely g rea t qriantity of ( d l eorte of) pro-

perty and goode,

And on thab occaeion when the grandeon of Ja ip a l had

become weak he flud lo th e Raja of Ajmere. T h e S u k a n

went and c aptured Lahore and entrueted i t to a truetworth y

noble, and th e other parts of the P ~ ln ja b e (aleo) en tr u ep d

to trustworthy and Injal

men

and he held his hand frbm

plunder and begun to cherieh and th e rninda o f t h e

peopla, and h e lefb hi ea rm y io th at oountry and publiebed

t h e khutba (eermoo) in his name, an d in th e fiieb

.

(beginning) of eprinp; he wenb to Cthaani.

And in the year 413 of th e Heg ira, on th e way -to

Lahore, he determined to

go

bo th e coun try of Nanda,

When he reached the fort of Gwalior he made arrarlgemente

to

blookade it, Afte r four daye the raja of th at fort se nt

t

him very intelligent messengers w ith (an offering.of)

thirty-five elepbanta (and) made peace with him,

T he Sultan started frcm tha t place for Kalinjrr wbere

.Na nda abode. N and a eent 8 e1ephant.s ae en offering) for

.pence. When the Sulta n had accept.ed th e elep han te,the

.raja turned 411 tire elephants, without their attendante,

looee in th e p1ai.o. T he Su ltan gave orde rs to bis T u rk s

and they seized bhem ell and mounted upon th em , and th e

people of the forb

were

eeboandd ab

bherre.,


37/65

h d Ne nde in. thg H io du bongue oompooed ,s

poqm

in

preia e of th e Sultarr an d eenb i t to him. Th e Su lta n

ahow ed thab poem to tbe learned men of Binduetan aa d of

Arabi a e n d of Perbia (an d) Itbey all cried bravo e n d

well done.

The S ul tan wee very pleeeed and ga ve him a commieeioa

8 ru l e r o f f i f t e e ~~ortreesea, of which one wan the fort of

Kalinjar (iteelf) together wi th (m any ) other presentr.

Ntrlrda aleo preeented to l.Ile Sultan much riches and many

pearle (and) then the Sultan sta rted back to Ghazni and

arriv ed th er e safely.

And in the year 415 of th e H egi ra he took m ust er of

th e army. Wibhouk (counting) th a t arm y \vbich wae in

(~ iie tan t) ro vi uc e~ hey wrote with petre (upon th e mueter;

..

rolle) 54,000 mounted men and 300 elephante, and with thab

~ p l e n d o u rof rebinue) he started for Balkh.

Ab thab tim e the people of Maw ar-ul-Nahr com plain ed

of th e r ule (lib, han d) of Alitagin. T he Su lta n croaeed tb e

Jni hun river, determined to remove him. T he nobles of

Ma wa r-ul-N ahr cam e oub to receive him a n d t;rougbb

e ~ l u

offering6 worthy of th eir poaitione (lib. eelvee).

A n d Yusuf

K e d a r Kh an, who was King of all Ttlrkeetan, aleo oame to

rw eiv e him. He w ~ eranted an in terv iew wibh the '~ul tea ,

(who received him ) with greab affection a n d friendship,

T h e Sultan wae gre,rtly pleased (with him ) an d they held

(varioue) ssaembliee and presented to one an othe r offerivge

and rrri t iee and pl rt ed with peace, and (with well) pleased

(minds.) When Al itag in IeIbttIb th ie newe h e fled .,T he Strlt.an

r n b man aRer him m d cap ta red h im and broughb ig

bwk

And Ile p ot t:t te re on lritn (a nd ) confined him in a

(ce rta in) fortreee of EIiud ustan, an d he llimeelf marched

t

bqzni


38/65

: . :CA.~bbk

v i i j j a r

ia..4 l b o f ,he B i g i n , doe n e

k i c

&$mti t ioo

ti

him

. saying)

thab

:

" T h e : ~ i n & e

i

~ b k a

Ay

b a b

when eouls become

-

eeparated

fro

k d i e ;

biieji.til tl .go

k

d o service

to

Sornnakh, and tthab.h&e

every eoul ie m d e over

bo

the body (most) suitnble (to ib) :

~d & k& ot he r belief of th e Hin dus ie this, thab th e ebbing

a d d flowing of bhe ocean ie for th e worship

ef

Somnath.

d n d t h e ~ r a h m s n a ' e a y hab S om ilath w a e very angry witb

6boa&i86Ia .%hich Su lta a. 3i ah mud bad &oke'n dn a t8ekefo rs

t ia di ob helped tbein,

sr

el'- i n th e twinklfng of an

~ g b 6

would have

destroyed

them ell

i.e.,

the Sl~ ltnn 's orces).

*&&

r o o W : o f t hei r belfefa i s t h , thh Sorntlath is a ,EiLg,'. and

f b ~ ' @ l l s t h i r ido l r a re h is db'6r-keepers.anrd ' w a t c ~ m e & ; ' ~ ~ ~ ~ '

. ,, . . .

.

.* < : , - , . ..* . . .

.

~ h d nh e Su lta n +a: informed

of

this ia t t e f h,e.made

.%rrn 6mlve io m quer 8dPnath.)0 tl th e 10 th

d pf

h i j

month

.

o f ~ h a b k ' s d a r

..

he ebarted

.

for Someath mith a oh&&:.

h~ i> .

ar m y end with 30;000 mounted men, wair ibrs of the k i t h ,

who bad

619;

fro? Turkes tan and oth er

'?3; . F

,

thdb (o.~~.;S~mn'a;tli)' e a gieat city on.the

.$ . 1 ,

. ?

l & & y ; an d ' i t ' i e i h e (chief) $a& of wo*ship of & th e

B i d -

.

m a o i * & (at&ye'f)'Gheatl~en and (t he ido l) Sbmnabh

was:

i i e # f n thab$&$. ~ n d ' i bs'kald ted in bihtories t6rrb:pbdple,

tbert i&e of the ' ' i rophea of the l s a t ~ e r io d , n

w m

b

peke

h& &ugh( a g r e a t idol named Somnabh frdm the.

t(sa ir'(i.

o;;Macca), and had tak en i t to th a t place and had

Zoun&e& ttrat..city in ite name. B u t i t wmild ap pe ar' fro m

t h e booM'af:the first (of the): Brahm ane, which books were

o t i d ~ i ~ i d ' r - ~ t h o d i a n dea re be fo re . * (~ hd-enf t a l a m , tb a t

i t

dd*. , , .

bfiel

accouib js not

trur.

~ n d e e d , t h b ~ * ~ & &lmt thab idd l ia-

'of . the tim'e 'of.Krisboa, nnd ~ h n t ' i s k i u r l ~ ~ u e a n d'brs (itgo$

&a d tbe'B[ ahm aoa uaed t o worehip i b and rrccurdii~gto

tl ii.

vetrioo of th e Brehmane, Kriehna dieappeared (from ear th) '


39/65

n bhab very place. Th e Su ltan on Ghe 15 th of ohe ~ o m e a i ,

which Pa tha ns call the mon th of fashing, reached M ultan .

'As lie was adv an ting a waterless and grasslese deeerb

app eared before I~ irn , o the Sulta n ordered thab each one

ehould cmrry wnter and gram with him. And a s a precautiorl

,the Sa lta n Irimself loaded twerttsy thousand sele cted. car neb

'with water and grass. When bliey had bravera ed'that deso-

r w 46.

late, wilderness they reached th e city of bjm ere.

And th e raja of thab place had witlidrawn from th e road

(a,))

the soldiers of the S u lt ar ~ begau to d a y 8nd plut~de r .

'

B u t (as) their objecb was to deslro y Som natli, the y d id notl

wait to ca rrf . tlie fort of d jm er e, (but) wenb on au d

beized

t h e road before them . Aud d uring tlrjs they cam e .up61r

rnd n) fo rts full of brave nlen bub all were filled with fear,

~ ud ?v it b ou b nyth ing (in t lie way of fighting) they agreed

(to hckno \+lidge th e Sultau'e rule), after thob lie ' reached

.

? Jabrwala and found th a t ci ty em p ty , (so)' th e Sulbaa ord ere d

(his men)

to go and fetcli from th at city muc h graes.

W hen tiley had g one and fetched th e" gr ds 8t he j rret ou6

quickly, and with tho t~tmosb pedd reached ~o rnnabh."

And bhere, on the seashore, they saw a greab fortreee (80

grea t) tbab a man worild think thab its su m m it touched the

sky a i d the waters of ~ l ~ eea warred wit11 ite walle, (abd)

-

many infidels were seated on it s surnmib gazing ab t h e

% usalm~ns. And they were crying wiLh loud voicee,

.

S o m ~ n t h as led jorl here, so tha t with one blow he ma y

d a y you all, and he will now ta ke his revenge for all the

,

.

idols you have broken in Hindustan."

Nexb day as th e e uu

I

rose the Sul tan issued orders to h is army, (and) t h e y a d n b

e tra ighb t o t he base of t he walls of t he f o rt to figbb. ~ h e l

the H ind us saw bheir bravery and courage they lefb th e

.

a m h i t of the fort , for fear of th e archers , (aud) all'

fle

to

the idol-h ouse s aod begged aid from Som nath .

L > .

*


40/65

hebfu m.a.a pian ted lidd er s '.nd climbed , bo the

bummib of the forb, and with loud voices chaobed, God i

g*wb

1

Th e Hindue also unanimously opposed them, an d

they fought together the whole dny. 'W h en night came

both armiee rented, and nexb day th e battl e joined in th e

Orme way (and) unbil n ig h t they were themeelvee oub (and)

they killed, many heatben. O n. th e tbird day many arm ier

m m e from (all)

pat te

of Hind ue tan and drew themeelvee

u p i s linee outside on th e plai~l. T he Sultan lefo eome to

Cowry on) the siege and the reeb went ond ga ve batble on

th e plain. And by the coming of th e Chiefs of Pram dev an d

Dsbiehlim, th e Musalmane' strength failed. T h e Su ltan

in

gre at prief went

to a

corner and eeized th e mantle of Abul

Jawno

Kharkani, and prayed t o the preeence of the P u re

God for victory and cooquest.

Then he came to the cen tre

s hie liue and chargod upon th e intidele. vicbory 'w as hie

deetiny, and he elen five bhou'eitld heretiol. n d khe o fear

overcame the people of

1 11s

oib, they l e h the fightiog an d

h e ~ r e i m a n e od attendante of Sorrnabh, who were aboub

four thoueand, went to the b nk of tbe sea Aman ran seated

Obemeelvee in

bo ts

and sta rted towards th e island Ssrandip,

.Lee,

Veyloil), Bub th e Sultan had previouely .bboughb of thin

nod had pested eeveral ehtpe filled with eoldiere on the way

Swandip. Wlleo

to

them the sllipe of the hea then a p

peared'bhey pursued them (nod) eank th em a ll in th e waber. .

The n th e Su ltan with hie eons and noblee enbered bhe forb

and viewed all ite buildinge.

.

.Afrer th at (he saw) in th e fo rt an idol-houee which h ad

Ppen builb long an d broad, tlla t i t had fifty-six pillare.aod

all ,were stu dd ed with jewels.

@nd , mn rth was a n idol of atone five yarde l u g , of

i n o

yard , were in the a r t b an d bbfee yarde oub.? W hen

th e Sultrp'r

gem

fell on th e idol be

had a

b bbleme

in

h


41/65

h a n d an d etrack jb so in th e fane thnb he broke

the

face,

k f t e r bhab.he

gar;

brdbra (*ad) todk two pieces froul it

( +n dj s en t th em to O l ~ e z ~ ~ i .lue he put ill

bl lu

doorw~ry f

.

t h e Fr ida y moeq'l~e, nd 'oh e obhcr he pub ill ' the palaco of

' t h e ~ b ; ~ ' eud ie tlc s ha1 1

.

.

. , , , I

, - ,

: Fo r six hundred yeere thoee pieces (of the l$y

;

bberq end.peoplp used to see them.

.

And. he separated two mura pieces'of S o m n a ~ ~ hnd-senb

bhein to Mbccs and Mediua (s o ) ' t h ~ t hey rnighb p lt~c-.l~ern

in the-mairi roads thab poor 'a n d ~ r e a b . ighh wulk ovey

th'em.

, . . f , . :

And this etory is ( a h ) true thab nt t'he ti me he waH

.going to break So m n~ \ tb ,

band of

B r a h n ~ h n ~ppeal6d to

t

th e uoblee 6 aJ i t~ g) : If the S u l t ~ npill

nob

break thia idhl

we i i l i pay 80 m11c11into the St tt te t . i e e ~ u r ~ . ' ' 'lld t~oblee

.

'approvrd t f t h ~ e a g y e s t i ~ , ~ ~nd athid to' ~ l l e

S L I I ~ H I I

b B

t h e breaking of thia 'idu l ido latry will nob be lost to thie

co uu iry , en d if wealth be ttiken inebead o f

i

many Mu@al-

mane will benefib by'it."

,The Su lta n said Your worde ar e

I

ue, buh

i f

I d o this

h y . c?.

@ ing .people \oil call me M al~ mn d, the idael-sell~r, nnd

if I

hreak

i

they will call me M a h n ~ a d , he idol-breaker,'

Now i t i s

be tter tha t both in tohieworld and the next they

.

hould call me ' th e id o l- b re aker .' po t th e ,idol-eel14 r,

I:;

and bhe advantage of the firm fnitb ~ ) fhe Sultqn w ~ n ,l at.

(when) he broke that idol eo malty royal p ~ a r l ~ ,ame o u t

. ~f

its

belly-bbab they were

a

hu nd red t#i,men mpr e tha n th e

Brahm ane' price (which th ey had offered.)

And

i h

is written in the Hebib-ul-Siyar tbab

Som

neth ie

the name of th e idol which th e Rind118 ,ecoounb

ohief among ,their idlllrr,.

but

frsbrn the wurdj. of S trrikh


42/65

Farid-u d-D in ALbar i t appears contrary to thie, ae the follo~v-

ing ootiplet itself bea rs witness

:-

'

The

army of

Mahmud s the midat of Somnath

Found an idol

nl~d

t had the n m

f Nalh,

Th at is Som" wae th e nam e of t he idol-lrouee atrd

Nath

wee

tlie idol iu it.'

And to tlie writer of these linee i t appeare t h a t what the

hietorinna have enid ie true, and the Sheikll'e words are uob

cot11 ad ict ory, because tlrie word (S omnath ) is a compound

,

cf So m atid N ~ t l r , ' btld dom was the name of

n

raja wlro consLructcd tlie idul ut.d

''

XaLlr

ws s

the uame of

t h e idul. Lat er , by reaeon of it e co net at ~t use, Lot11 became

one nnme, au d i t was ueed the namo of the idol an d aleo

.

of the idol-houeo aud also of the tit ..

No, if anyotre

page 63.

calla tlio name of th e idol Somuatlr or aaye

Nat h

I

alolre

both a r e equal, nnd Net h iu tlie Hin di botrgue mealle

vetrerable."

And

in the temple of So mn ath on nights or daye when

th e moon or th e eun is eclipsed more tha u two or thr ee

1908 History of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni by Roos-Keppel s.pdf

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