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ORIGINS CAUSES OF WWII

DO NOW: WHAT WERE 5 EVENTS DURING THE 1930

THAT CONTRIBUTED TO THE START OF WWII – MUST

BE IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER!!!!

WAS APPEASEMENT THE CAUSE OF WAR?

•BRITAIN & NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN HAD LITTLE OPTION EXCEPT TO RE-ARM AND BUY TIME – EX. MUNICH CONFERENCE – SUDETENLAND – APPEASEMENT

•BRITAIN HAD A WEAK ECONOMY, LACK OF MILITARY PREPAREDNESS AND UNRELIABLE ALLIES

HOW COULD WAR BEEN AVOIDED•1936 BRITAIN & FRANCE COULD HAVE FORCED GERMANY OUT

OF THE DEMILITARIZED ZONE

•ONCE BRITAIN & FRENCH LEADERS GAVE INTO HITLER’S DEMANDS HE HAD LITTLE REASON TO BELIEVE THEY WOULD OPPOSE HIM

• THE BRITISH GUARANTEE OF POLISH INDEPENDENCE OFFERED IN MARCH 1939 WAS MEANINGLESS IN HITLER’S EYES DUE TO THE POLICY OF APPEASEMENT AT MUNICH

NAZI IDEOLOGY •GERMAN CONQUEST OF POLAND IN 1939 WAS FIRST MAJOR

DEVELOPMENT OF WWII IN EUROPE

• INTENDED TO REGAIN LOST TERRITORY

• IDEOLOGY – EXPANDING LIVING SPACE (LEBENSRAUM) AT THE EXPENSE OF ‘RACIALLY INFERIOR’ PEOPLE

•WWII SHIFTED FROM BEING A CONFLICT OVER THE BALANCE OF POWER IN EUROPE IN TERMS OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES TO INCREASINGLY DRIVEN BY NAZI IDEOLOGY

HITLER INVADES THE USSR 1941•1939 – HITLER SIGNED NON-AGGRESSION PACT WITH RUSSIA

•HE WOULD GO AGAINST THIS PACT BECAUSE HE THOUGHT HE WOULD SUCCEED

•GERMAN POLICY OF SELF – SUFFICIENCY BASED ON IDEA OF IMPORTS & EXPORTS

•GERMANY HAD SUFFERED IN THE GREAT DEPRESSION BECAUSE OF DEPENDENCY OF US LOANS

•HITLER WANTED GERMANY TO HAVE PERMANENT SOURCE OF RAW MATERIALS AND OUTLET FOR ITS GOODS IN A COLONIZED EASTERN EUROPE

ATLANTIC CHARTER

• WINSTON CHURCHILL AND FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT MEET OFF COAST OF NEWFOUNDLAND AUG. 14, 1941

• AGREED ALL PEOPLE HAD RIGHT TO SELF – DETERMINATION

• FREEDOM OF TRADE

• DOCUMENT GEARED TOWARDS OPPOSITION OF NAZISM

THE BALANCE OF POWER•NEITHER US OR BRITAIN WERE AMBITIOUS TO INCREASE TERRITORY

•IF GERMANY DOMINATED THE COASTLINE OF NORTHERN EUROPE THEN BRITISH SECURITY & TRADE WOULD BE THREATENED

•A GERMAN DOMINATED EUROPE WOULD RESULT IN EUROPEAN MARKETS THAT WOULD BE CONTROLLED BY A NAZI ECONOMIC SYSTEM & FAR EASTERN MARKETS WOULD BE CONTROLLED BY THE JAPANESE

GENERAL CAUSES OF WWII - MILITARISM

•GERMANY – STRONG MILITARY TRADITION, UNIFICATION ACHIEVED THROUGH WAR, GERMAN FORCES FOUGHT EFFECTIVELY IN WWI, SUCCESSFUL REARMAMENT IN 1930S, BELIEF MILITARY POWER COULD ACHIEVE POLITICAL AIMS

• ITALY – LESS MILITARY TRADITION, MUSSOLINI BUILT UP ITALIAN FORCES THAT HAD BEEN SUCCESSFUL IN ETHIOPIA – WAY TO EXPAND TERRITORY

• JAPAN – VERY STRONG MILITARY TRADITION, SAMURAI TRADITION, BELIEF MILITARY FORCE COULD SOLVE PROBLEMS

GENERAL CAUSES OF WWII – NATIONALISM & IDEOLOGY•GERMANY – NATIONALISM GREW AFTER 1871, USED BY

HITLER TO GAIN SUPPORT, RESENTED T. OF V., LOOKED TO A GREATER GERMANY INCLUDING ALL GERMAN SPEAKERS, SUPERIOR CULTURE

•ITALY – SLOWER TO EMERGE AFTER UNIFICATION, MUSSOLINI STRESSED THE INHERITANCE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE

•JAPAN – ASSOCIATED EXPANSION WITH THE GREATER GLORY OF THE EMPEROR – GOD, TERRITORIAL AMBITION, RACIAL SUPERIORITY

GENERAL CAUSES OF WWII – ECONOMIC PRESSURE •GERMANY – DEPENDED ON ARMS SPENDING, RESULTED

IN SHORTAGES OF MATERIALS & NEED TO PAY FOR EXPENSIVE IMPORTS…SOLUTION WAS WAR TO ACQUIRE MATERIALS & LOOT OTHER COUNTRIES

•ITALY – FACED ECONOMIC PRESSURES, CONQUESTS IN ETHIOPIA, ALBANIA, NICE, & GREECE WERE NOT DRIVEN BY NEED RATHER TO BOLSTER HIS REGIME

•JAPAN – NEEDED RAW MATERIALS (MANCHURIA), RESTRICTIONS PLACED BY US ON IMPORTS OF OIL PLACED GREATER MOTIVES

GENERAL CAUSES OF WWII – POLITICAL FACTORS •GERMANY – HITLER NEEDED FOREIGN POLICY

SUCCESSES FOR HIS PERSONAL POPULARITY & WAR WAS PORTRAYED AGAINST THE T. OF V. AND DANGER OF COMMUNISM

•ITALY – MUSSOLINI’S IMAGE DEPENDED OF FOREIGN POLICY SUCCESS – POPULARITY OF EASY GERMAN VICTORIES LURED HIM INTO WAR IN 1940

•JAPAN – PLANS FOR INDEPENDENT ASIA FREED FROM COLONIALISM UNDER JAPANESE PROTECTION

ROSIE THE RIVETER • BACK AT HOME IN THE US…

• US WOULD ENTER THE WAR IN 1941

• 1942 POSTER SYMBOLIZED WOMEN'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO WAR EFFORT (TOTAL WAR)

• WOMEN WENT TO WORK IN FACTORIES

• PRODUCTION TURNED FROM CONSUMER GOODS TO MILITARY PRODUCTION

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