PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A WATER TREATMENT PLANT

(CASE STUDY)

Sarika M.Mankar1, Dr. P.B. Nagarnaik2 1 M.Tech(Env.Engg) 4th Sem Student,

G.H.Raisoni College Of Engineering, Nagpur, India. 2Dean, Academic, G.H.Raisoni College Of Engineering, Nagpur, India

Abstract:- For providing continuous and good quality of water to all the regions in Maharashtra through out the year, Govt. of Maharashtra has constructed new water treatment plants during the past few years. Performance of these plants is an essential parameter to be monitored and evaluated for the better understanding of design and operating difficulties in water treatment plants.This paper outlines the finding of investigation of the treatment plant in Pawnar,Wardha.The Physico-chemical analysis is proposed to be conducted to investigate water quality. The conclusions drawn from this study will outlines the importance of accurate engineering design and need for continuous monitoring and analysis of each unit performance [1] . Keywords- Performance evaluation, Water Treatment Plant. Introduction:- Study of water treatment plant is carried out with all aspects and considerations including; engineering, physical, chemical & bacteriological to determine its efficiency and to produce water quality [7]. This study will define design and operating problems and difficulties of the case study that will allow for proper revision of these aspects to redefine and suggest recommendations for proper operations. The findings of work may be applicable for other WTP either under design or operation [1].

Samples were collected from intake and from all WTP’s units of Pawnar, Wardha & analysis were carried out in the Environmental Engineering laboratory of B.D. College of Engineering,Sewagram,Wardha. Analysis were conducted for chemical, physical, bacteriological analysis. All experiments were done and results were determined in accordance to the Standard Methods of American Water Works Association (AWWA) manual, 21st Edition (2009) [1] & CPHEEO manuals[4].

Sarika M.Mankar* et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No. 7, Issue No. 2, 286 - 289

ISSN: 2230-7818 @ 2011 http://www.ijaest.iserp.org. All rights Reserved. Page 286

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gpur, India

IJAEST

gpur, India

roviding continuous and good quality of water to all the regions in Maharashtra

IJAESTroviding continuous and good quality of water to all the regions in Maharashtra

through out the year, Govt. of Maharashtra has constructed new water treatment

IJAESTthrough out the year, Govt. of Maharashtra has constructed new water treatment

plants during the past few years. Performance of these plants is an essential parameter

IJAESTplants during the past few years. Performance of these plants is an essential parameter

to be monitored and evaluated for the better understanding of design and operating

IJAESTto be monitored and evaluated for the better understanding of design and operating

difficulties in water treatment plants.This paper outlines the finding of investigation of

IJAESTdifficulties in water treatment plants.This paper outlines the finding of investigation of

the treatment plant in Pawnar,Wardha.The Physico-chemical analysis is proposed to

IJAESTthe treatment plant in Pawnar,Wardha.The Physico-chemical analysis is proposed to

be conducted to investigate water quality. The conclusions drawn from this study will

IJAESTbe conducted to investigate water quality. The conclusions drawn from this study will

outlines the importance of accurate engineering design and need for continuous

IJAEST

outlines the importance of accurate engineering design and need for continuous monitoring and analysis of each unit performance

IJAEST

monitoring and analysis of each unit performance [1]

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[1] .

IJAEST

.

- Performance evaluation, Water Treatment Plant.

IJAEST

- Performance evaluation, Water Treatment Plant.

Study of water treatment plant is

IJAEST

Study of water treatment plant is carried out with all aspects and

IJAEST

carried out with all aspects and considerations including; engineering,

IJAEST

considerations including; engineering, physical, chemical & bacteriological to

IJAEST

physical, chemical & bacteriological to determine its efficiency and to produce

IJAEST

determine its efficiency and to produce water quality

IJAEST

water quality [7]

IJAEST

[7]. This study will define

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. This study will define g

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gn and operating problems and

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n and operating problems and difficulties of the case study that will

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difficulties of the case study that will allow for proper revision of these IJA

ESTallow for proper revision of these aspects to redefine and suggest IJA

ESTaspects to redefine and suggest recommendations for proper IJA

ESTrecommendations for proper operations. The findings of work may IJA

EST

operations. The findings of work may be applicable for other WTP either IJA

EST

be applicable for other WTP either under design or operation IJA

EST

under design or operation

S

IJAESTSam

IJAESTampl

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ples were collected from intake

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es were collected from intake and from all WTP’s units of Pawnar,

IJAESTand from all WTP’s units of Pawnar, Wardha & analysis were carried out in

IJAESTWardha & analysis were carried out in

PAWNAR: Water Treatment Plant:- The city of Wardha is located on 20045' North latitude and 78039' East longitude in Eastern Maharashtra. The present population of Wardha city is near about 10 lakhs. The Water supply to the city is arranged from Pawnar treatment plant having capacity 10.6 MLD. The Pawnar is located in Wardha Dist. and 7 km away from Wardha on Nagpur Highway. Water treatment plant was constructed in the year 1975 having Capacity 10.6 MLD. Source of water is Dham river. About 10% of total water supplied to the city by this plant. The plant is running for 16 hours and 10.6 MLD water is being treated and supplied to the city. The design and construction of the plant is conventional one and comprises of various units such as flash mixer, clariflocculator, rapid sand filters, chemical house, clear water sump and pump house. The water from this plant mainly supplied to 3 area in the Wardha city namely Snehal Nagar,Civil Line, Mohini Nagar.

Process Description:- Figure 1 shows the general layout of the WTP. The brief description of all WTP units. components facilities [1] are as follows. INTAKE The main source of supply to water treatment plant is Dham river.The river flow from mahakali dam which subsequently arise at pawnar.The Dham river is Perennial in nature. RAW WATER SUMP AND PUMP HOUSE The sump and pump house has been constructed near the bank of river. The water is first collected in R.C.C.Circular tank having size 4.5 * 9.10m. The capacity of sump is 138 m3. In the pump house two centrifugal pumps (2 nos. + 1 no. stand

by total 3 nos.) having capacity 25 HP. The diameter of pipe is 400mm.This pipe convey water to clarrifloculator. The total length of this pipe is 10m. FLASH MIXER The flash mixer is 1.4 *1.7 m and 2.63 m deep. The motor of 5 HP has been provided with 80 rpm. The process is done only in rainy season. CLARRIFLOCULATOR Only one clarrifloculator tank is provided in this plant. coagulated water enters at bottom of flocculator has a diameter of 8 m while clarifier has a diameter of 12 m and depth 3.5 m. Desludging are done ones in a day at least 5 min so that the sludge material comes out. RAPID SAND FILTERS Four filter are used, flow through each is about 24 lit/sec. Surface area of each is 18m2.The rate of filtration is 4.8 m3/m2/hr. Sand analysis was conducted on sand samples and it was found that the effective size of the sand is in a range of 0.78 to 1.12 mm where required is 0.45 to 0.55mm. Also uniformity coefficient was found to be 1.025, where standard is 1.3 to 1.7. This shows that sand used inside filters is not as per the standard. POST CHLORINATION The post chlorination is done by using chlorine cylinder having wt. 900 kg. The post Chlorination dose of 1.0 to 3 mg/lit added to the filter water. SUMP AND PUMP HOUSE The chlorinated water is collected in sump having size 7.6*6.08*4.56 and having capacity 210m3. In the pump house 3 pumps are used (2 nos. + 1no standby) of 300 HP for pumping pure water.

Sarika M.Mankar* et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No. 7, Issue No. 2, 286 - 289

ISSN: 2230-7818 @ 2011 http://www.ijaest.iserp.org. All rights Reserved. Page 287

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pump house. The water from this plant mainly

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pump house. The water from this plant mainly supplied to 3 area in the Wardha city namely

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supplied to 3 area in the Wardha city namely

Figure 1 shows the general layout of the WTP.

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Figure 1 shows the general layout of the WTP. The brief description of all WTP units.

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The brief description of all WTP units. are as follows.

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are as follows.

The main source of supply to water treatment

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The main source of supply to water treatment plant is Dham river.The river flow from mahakali

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plant is Dham river.The river flow from mahakali dam which subsequently arise at pawnar.The IJA

ESTdam which subsequently arise at pawnar.The Dham river is Perennial in nature. IJA

ESTDham river is Perennial in nature.

RAW WATER SUMP AND PUMP HOUSE IJAEST

RAW WATER SUMP AND PUMP HOUSE The sump and pump house has been constructed IJA

EST

The sump and pump house has been constructed near the bank of river. The water is first collected IJA

EST

near the bank of river. The water is first collected in R.C.C.Circular tank having size 4.5 * 9.10m. IJA

EST

in R.C.C.Circular tank having size 4.5 * 9.10m.

The motor of 5 HP has been provided with 80

IJAESTThe motor of 5 HP has been provided with 80 rpm. The process is done only in rainy season.

IJAESTrpm. The process is done only in rainy season.

CLARRIFLOCULATOR

IJAESTCLARRIFLOCULATOR Only one clarrifloculator tank is provided in this

IJAESTOnly one clarrifloculator tank is provided in this plant. coagulated water enters at bottom of

IJAESTplant. coagulated water enters at bottom of flocculator has a diameter of 8 m while clarifier

IJAESTflocculator has a diameter of 8 m while clarifier has a diameter of 12 m and depth 3.5 m.

IJAESThas a diameter of 12 m and depth 3.5 m. Desludging are done ones in a day at least 5 min

IJAESTDesludging are done ones in a day at least 5 min so that the sludge material comes out.

IJAESTso that the sludge material comes out.

RAPID SAND FILTERS

IJAESTRAPID SAND FILTERSFour filter are used, flow through each is about 24

IJAESTFour filter are used, flow through each is about 24 lit/sec. Surface area of each is 18m

IJAESTlit/sec. Surface area of each is 18mf

IJAESTfil

IJAESTilfilf

IJAESTfilf t

IJAESTtration is 4.8 m

IJAESTration is 4.8 m

conducte

IJAESTconducted on sand samples and it was found that

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d on sand samples and it was found that the effective size of the sand is in a range of 0.78

IJAESTthe effective size of the sand is in a range of 0.78 to 1.12 mm where required is 0.45 to 0.55mm.

IJAESTto 1.12 mm where required is 0.45 to 0.55mm. Also uniformity coefficient was found to be 1.025,

IJAESTAlso uniformity coefficient was found to be 1.025, where standard is 1.3 to 1.7. This shows that sand

IJAESTwhere standard is 1.3 to 1.7. This shows that sand used inside filters is not as per the standard.

IJAESTused inside filters is not as per the standard.

LABORATORY ANALYSIS Table: Laboratory analysis & comparison of raw water, Tap water & Permissible Limits

`Particulars Observations Permissible Limits (BIS Standard/CPEEO) Remark

Before Treatment Tap Water Desirable Permissible pH 7.1 to 8.4 7 to 8.6 6.5 to 8.5 6.5 to 8.5 Within the limit

Turbidity 43 to 5.2 3.1to 5.2 5 NTU max 10 NTU max Within the limit Dissolved Oxygen 6.1 to 7.8 6.7 to 8.2 9.2 mg/lit 5.0 mg/lit Moderate

Total Solids. 245 to 109

12 to 48 --- ---

Suspended Solids 22 to 64 4 to 20 --- --- Total coliform 45.23 to 9200 78 to 5.3 10No/100ml max 10No/100ml max Contamination in the pipe.

Observations at Water Treatment plant •A thick scum layer is accumulated at the bottom of the coagulation tanks. • Dose of coagulant are decided arbitrarily on the basis of turbidity.Coagulants are not added regularly in raw water. • In the flash mixer motor is not in working condition and hence operation of uniform mixing is hampered.. • The sludge from the clariflocculator is discharged into a river . • The scraping of sludge is not done due to which lot of sludge is accumulated at bottom. • Sometime the water in clarifier is over discharged. • The Place where Alum is kept is not hygienic due to which there is possibility of bacterial growth. • The Quality of river water gets affected due to transfer of backwashing water into river.

CONCLUSIONS The overall performance of Water Treatment Plant is found to be satisfactory with the scope for improvement in following aspects. • Coagulant dose is determine arbitrarily without any laboratory study on Jar test. Jar test shall be conducted for calculations of optimum dose. • Sand in Rapid sand filters should be according to standards. • Rapid sand filters, sand should be replaced every year.

• The flash mixer is not found in working condition this is necessary to repair and keep in working. • Thickness of sand in every bed is not as per design. • Transfer of backwashing water into river should be prevented. REFERENCES 1) M. A. Eldib and Mahmoud A. Azeem Elbayoumy”Evaluation Of A Water Treatment Plant Performance– Case Study” in Seventh International Water Technology Conference (IWTC-7) held in Egypt 1-3 April 2003.p.p. 471-478. 2) Sujit Kumar Bhattacharya & Ratan Kishore Choudhary “Performance of Engineering Parameter of a water Treatment Plant A Case Study” paper published in 28th WEDC conference on Sustainable Environment Sanitation and Water Survices at Kolkata (Culcutta), India, 2002. 3) Dhaneshwar R. S., Sharma V.P., Raut T., Gupta R. K., Kelkar P.S. and Paramasivam R “Performance Evaluation of Five Urban Water Treatment Plants in Utter Pradesh” paper published in Indian Water Works Association Journal, edition-Jan-March, 1991.p.p. 23-30 4) CPHEEO “Manual on Water Supply and Treatment” Third Edition published by Ministry of Urban 5) www.iwwa.info/index.htm 6) www.tsawatersystems.in/index.asp 7) www.iwtc.info/2003_pdf/07-5.pdf

Sarika M.Mankar* et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No. 7, Issue No. 2, 286 - 289

ISSN: 2230-7818 @ 2011 http://www.ijaest.iserp.org. All rights Reserved. Page 288

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---

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---

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---

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---

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IJAEST

IJAEST

IJAEST10No/100ml max 10No/100ml max

IJAEST10No/100ml max 10No/100ml max Contamination in the pipe.

IJAESTContamination in the pipe.

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IJAEST

IJAEST

IJAEST

IJAEST

IJAEST

IJAEST

IJAEST

basis of turbidity.Coagulants are not added

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basis of turbidity.Coagulants are not added

• In the flash mixer motor is not in working

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• In the flash mixer motor is not in working condition and hence operation of uniform mixing

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condition and hence operation of uniform mixing

• The sludge from the clariflocculator is

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• The sludge from the clariflocculator is

• The scraping of sludge is not done due to which

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• The scraping of sludge is not done due to which lot of sludge is accumulated at bottom.

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lot of sludge is accumulated at bottom. • Sometime the water in clarifier is over

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• Sometime the water in clarifier is over

• The Place where Alum is kept is not hygienic

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• The Place where Alum is kept is not hygienic due to which there is possibility of bacterial

IJAEST

due to which there is possibility of bacterial

• The Quality of river water gets affected due to IJAEST

• The Quality of river water gets affected due to transfer of backwashing water into river. IJA

ESTtransfer of backwashing water into river.

CONCLUSIONS IJAEST

CONCLUSIONS The overall performance of Water Treatment IJA

EST

The overall performance of Water Treatment Plant is found to be satisfactory with the scope for IJA

EST

Plant is found to be satisfactory with the scope for

• The flash mixer is not found in working

IJAEST• The flash mixer is not found in working condition this is necessary to repair and keep in

IJAESTcondition this is necessary to repair and keep in working.

IJAESTworking. • Thickness of sand in every bed is not as per

IJAEST• Thickness of sand in every bed is not as per design.

IJAESTdesign. • Transfer of backwashing water into river should

IJAEST• Transfer of backwashing water into river should be prevented.

IJAESTbe prevented.

REFERENCES

IJAESTREFERENCES 1) M. A. Eldib and Mahmoud A. Azeem

IJAEST1) M. A. Eldib and Mahmoud A. Azeem Elbayoumy”Evaluation Of A Water Treatment

IJAESTElbayoumy”Evaluation Of A Water Treatment Plant Performance– Case Study” in Seventh

IJAESTPlant Performance– Case Study” in Seventh International

IJAESTInternational

8).www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/dwp/swt.shtml 9).www.deq.state.or.us/WQ/dwp/links.htm

Figure: Schematic Representation of Water Treatment Plant, Pawnar

Sarika M.Mankar* et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES Vol No. 7, Issue No. 2, 286 - 289

ISSN: 2230-7818 @ 2011 http://www.ijaest.iserp.org. All rights Reserved. Page 289

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Figure: Schematic Representation of Water Treatment Plant, Pawnar

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Figure: Schematic Representation of Water Treatment Plant, Pawnar