1884: The Social Roots of 1884: The Social Roots of Illingworth St Mary's CricketIllingworth St Mary's Cricket

ClubClub

Batting OrderBatting Order What made it possible?What made it possible?

What made it difficult?What made it difficult?

How might cricket develop?How might cricket develop?

The ChurchThe Church

How the club emerged - Whodunit and Whendunit? How the club emerged - Whodunit and Whendunit?

The RulesThe Rules

Social composition of membershipSocial composition of membership

Church, Competition and AmbitionChurch, Competition and Ambition

ConclusionConclusion

What made it possible?What made it possible? Less repressive attitude to popular leisure since c.1850Less repressive attitude to popular leisure since c.1850

Less fear of social and political disorder:-Less fear of social and political disorder:-Jacobinism and Luddism a distant memoryJacobinism and Luddism a distant memoryDemise of ChartismDemise of ChartismFactory System more accepted by workersFactory System more accepted by workers

Increased potential for recreationIncreased potential for recreationSaturday half-holiday – general in Halifax from 1873Saturday half-holiday – general in Halifax from 1873Increased disposable income, generallyIncreased disposable income, generally

Middle class sponsorship of ‘improving’ leisureMiddle class sponsorship of ‘improving’ leisureEmergence of ‘rational recreation’ - orderly and productiveEmergence of ‘rational recreation’ - orderly and productivePublic Schools reformation of sports (cult of games or ‘muscular Christianity’)Public Schools reformation of sports (cult of games or ‘muscular Christianity’)

Political and Demographic ChangesPolitical and Demographic Changes By 1884By 1884 in Halifax c. 70% of men had the vote (politcial clout)in Halifax c. 70% of men had the vote (politcial clout)

‘ ‘Baby boom’ up to 1870 - lots of young men about in 1884Baby boom’ up to 1870 - lots of young men about in 1884

Potential Opponents already playing fixturesPotential Opponents already playing fixtures

What made it difficult?What made it difficult?

Income - downturn in textiles from 1873Income - downturn in textiles from 1873Unemployment less regularUnemployment less regular

Need of a groundNeed of a ground Enclosure had greatly reduced possibilities around IllingworthEnclosure had greatly reduced possibilities around Illingworth Communal area at Skircoat Moor 4 - 5 miles distantCommunal area at Skircoat Moor 4 - 5 miles distant

Transport Transport Very little road development in Halifax in C19Very little road development in Halifax in C19

No regular omnibus service until 1887No regular omnibus service until 1887

Hackney carriages too expensive Hackney carriages too expensive

Trams only from 1898Trams only from 1898

Railways not too helpful to Illingworth or opponentsRailways not too helpful to Illingworth or opponents

- Travel by foot or waggonette- Travel by foot or waggonette

How might cricket develop?How might cricket develop?

‘‘Gentlemanly-Amateur’Gentlemanly-Amateur’Public School ethosPublic School ethos

‘‘How you play the game’How you play the game’

Paying spectators despisedPaying spectators despised

‘‘Player-Professional’Player-Professional’ Playing to winPlaying to win

Payment and expensesPayment and expenses

Supporters and gate moneySupporters and gate money

A different or hybrid model?A different or hybrid model?

The ChurchThe Church A vital social gathering centreA vital social gathering centre

1851 Religious Census and interdenominational 1851 Religious Census and interdenominational CompetitionCompetitionMission to recruit and retain working class, especially malesMission to recruit and retain working class, especially males

- regarded offering recreation facilities a good way to do thisregarded offering recreation facilities a good way to do this

Strength of Sunday SchoolsStrength of Sunday Schools(But concerns following 1870 Education Act)(But concerns following 1870 Education Act)

Clergy major disseminators of reformed gamesClergy major disseminators of reformed gamesClergy in Halifax often OxbridgeClergy in Halifax often OxbridgeDesire to impose Victorian morality and ‘muscular Christianity’ in sportDesire to impose Victorian morality and ‘muscular Christianity’ in sport

LandownersLandowners

Many church-based teams formedMany church-based teams formed

How the Club EmergedHow the Club Emerged

Where did the push come from?Where did the push come from?

Clergy?Clergy?

Prominent Churchmen?Prominent Churchmen?

Someone else?Someone else?

The Cricketing CurateThe Cricketing Curate

Revd William Taliesyn DaviesRevd William Taliesyn Davies

Oxford Graduate Oxford Graduate

Curate of St Mary’s 1877-79 Curate of St Mary’s 1877-79

Predates regular cricket at the churchPredates regular cricket at the church

6th July 1878:6th July 1878: 35 not out for St Mary’s Illingworth v Nursery Lane35 not out for St Mary’s Illingworth v Nursery Lane

Catalyst for regular cricket at the church?Catalyst for regular cricket at the church?Did he secure the ground?Did he secure the ground?Illingworth’s Sam Fielden?Illingworth’s Sam Fielden?

First recorded fixture of 1877First recorded fixture of 1877

21st July 1877 at Illingworth Moor21st July 1877 at Illingworth Moor

Illingworth St Mary’s 49 Illingworth St Mary’s 49

Illingworth Wesleyans 96 for 9 Illingworth Wesleyans 96 for 9

28th July 1877 - First recorded score

St Mary’s Illingworth Ovenden Albion J Wilson 0 A Wilson 3 T Ramsden 6 F Brenard 0 H Brear 2 W Kitchen 4 William Priestley 0 S Turner 0 A Howarth 4 CA Trigg 2 E Hodgson 3 J Wilkinson 0 E Broomhall 25 JH Nichol 5 F Stansfield 1 T Turner 0 JS Priestley 0 TH Tate 1 L Hitchen 1 F Whitley 3 J Hellawell (not out) 7 G Hooson (not out) 0 extras 4 extras 3 53 21

Recorded Fixtures 1877 - Recorded Fixtures 1877 - 18831883

18771877 55

18781878 88

18791879 1616

18801880 1010

18811881 00

18821882 22

18831883 1515

31st May 1884 - First recorded score following official founding

Illingworth St Mary’s Dean Clough XI A Howarth 2 F Crossley 1 R Sunderland 2 WA Patterson 8 H Crowther 10 A Wilson 0 A Pickles 9 S Greenwood 1 F Horsfield 0 LL Hughes 5 J Hellawell 0 T Hodgson 0 H Whitley 0 F Thorp 1 RJ Hartley 4 L Pickles 3 A Spencer 2 L Dickenson 2 I Priestley 0 A Stockton 0 B Lassey (not out) 3 JB Dewhirst (not out) 2 extras 3 extras 5 35 28

Revd Georges OldacresRevd Georges Oldacres

Vicar of Illingworth 1879 to 1913Vicar of Illingworth 1879 to 1913

Cambridge Graduate of the 1860sCambridge Graduate of the 1860s

First President of the cricket club, 1884-1913First President of the cricket club, 1884-1913

Described by Revd G R Oakley historian of St Mary’s church as a Described by Revd G R Oakley historian of St Mary’s church as a minister of:minister of:

extraordinary personal influence which he wielded as a result of his extraordinary personal influence which he wielded as a result of his single-minded and deeply religious character… An intensely serious single-minded and deeply religious character… An intensely serious man – not always, perhaps, disposed to make full allowance for man – not always, perhaps, disposed to make full allowance for youthful exuberance…youthful exuberance…

Attended only higher profile meetingsAttended only higher profile meetings

Frederic Llewellyn Hughes Frederic Llewellyn Hughes

Curate of Illingworth 1881 to 1889Curate of Illingworth 1881 to 1889

MA from CambridgeMA from Cambridge

First Vice President of the cricket club, 1884-1889First Vice President of the cricket club, 1884-1889

Established a precedent of high standardsEstablished a precedent of high standards

More actively involved, especially in the earlier meetingsMore actively involved, especially in the earlier meetings

General Meeting General Meeting 2222ndnd February February 18841884

The RulesThe Rules

Social CompositionSocial Composition

Todmorden CCTodmorden CC

Social Composition of MembershipSocial Composition of Membership 1838: ‘majority… employers of labour or self-employed’1838: ‘majority… employers of labour or self-employed’

1850: Working class members: 1850: Working class members: 43.8%43.8%

Middle class members:Middle class members: 56.2%56.2%

Details from 1881 Census of Members that have been established. In order of joining.

Member Age Occupation

Rev George Oldacres 37 Vicar of ISM Rev Frederick L Hughes 27 Curate of ISM Joseph Allison 50 Schoolmaster Arthur Spencer 15 Pupil Teacher Arthur Howarth 22 Piece Warehouseman Squire Cain 28 Fly Grinder Horatio Crowther 16 Dyehouse Labourer John Hellawell 20 Worsted Overlooker Joseph W Allison 14 Scholar (Father: Schoolmaster) Thomas Priestley 17 Pupil Teacher School William Heginbottom 36 Cotton Spinner/Woolcomber Sidney Jowett 34 Waste Dealer Milford Clayton 29 Worsted Overlooker Albert Ogden 13 Scholar (Fr: Tailor employing 3 Men & 2 Boys) James B Allison 11 Scholar (Father: Schoolmaster) Irvine Priestley 11 Worsted Spinner John William Cooper 12 Scholar (Father: Mger Carpet Works) Willis Uttley 11 Worsted Millhand Harry Whitham 11 Scholar (Father: Overlooker In A Cotton Mill) Ronald F Sunderland 15 Manager of Electrical Works Richard J Hartley 20 Civil Engineer Driver Robertshaw 18 Cabinet Maker Walter Hoyle 11 Worsted Mill Hand Nelson Tidswell 8 Scholar (Father:Machanic (S M)) John W Hustwick 12 Mill Hand (Tex) Harry Hustwick 9 Scholar (Father: Teamer (Carter) ) Edwin Sutcliffe 10 Scholar (Father: Carpet Weaver) Harry H Mitchell 7 Scholar (Father:Cotton Minder) George Greenwood 44 Sexton & Stone Cutter Irvine Butterfield 11 Scholar (Grandfather: Farmer 14 Acres) Sam Booth 11 Worsted Spinner Herbert Mason 15 Scholar (Father: Farmer 11 acres) Albert Pickles 16 Cotton Piecer Benjamin Lassey 13 Worsted Mill Hand Sutcliffe Hitchen 15 Foreman, yarn room Hirst Whitley 19 Clerk William Robertshaw 28 Wool Broker

Illingworth 1884Illingworth 1884

Total Known Membership, 1884Total Known Membership, 1884 41 41

Occupation known (excluding clergymen and scholars) Occupation known (excluding clergymen and scholars) 2828

Professional, entrepreneurial and other middle classesProfessional, entrepreneurial and other middle classes 66

Shopkeepers, independent craftsmen and lower middle classes Shopkeepers, independent craftsmen and lower middle classes 44

Working classesWorking classes 1818

Between sixteen and nineteen of the members under Between sixteen and nineteen of the members under 1717

cf. Illingworth & earlier Todcf. Illingworth & earlier Tod

St Mary’s, Illingworth CC -1884St Mary’s, Illingworth CC -1884

Working class members: Working class members: 64.7%64.7%

Middle class members:Middle class members: 34.3%34.3%

Todmorden CC:Todmorden CC: 1838:1838: ‘majority… employers of labour or self-‘majority… employers of labour or self-employed’employed’

1850: Working class members: 1850: Working class members: 43.8%43.8% Middle class members:Middle class members: 56.2% 56.2%

Church, Competition and Church, Competition and AmbitionAmbition

Gate money :Gate money :4d, June 18844d, June 1884

Payments and PrizesPayments and PrizesBy 1888 talent money 5/- for hat-trick or 50By 1888 talent money 5/- for hat-trick or 50Oct 1890 – resolution to hire a professionalOct 1890 – resolution to hire a professional

CompetitionCompetitionDecision to apply for entry to the Parish Cup,Decision to apply for entry to the Parish Cup, August 1887August 1887

Disputes: Ovenden Albion by August 1887Disputes: Ovenden Albion by August 1887 Bradshaw – games cancelled Bradshaw – games cancelled

Internally, huge interest in batting and bowling averages and prizesInternally, huge interest in batting and bowling averages and prizes

The Change to Rule 3, October 1887The Change to Rule 3, October 1887Amendment to church membership qualificationAmendment to church membership qualification

Amendment to Rule 3Amendment to Rule 3

Sinner but SpinnerSinner but Spinner

Why Rule 3 amendedWhy Rule 3 amended

Acquisition of new ground, increasing ambitionAcquisition of new ground, increasing ambition

Application to play in the Parish Cup, two months earlierApplication to play in the Parish Cup, two months earlier

Shortage of players, and ones of the right calibreShortage of players, and ones of the right calibre

Desire to represent the community, not solely the churchDesire to represent the community, not solely the church

Cricket club rapidly outgrowing its ecclesiastical Cricket club rapidly outgrowing its ecclesiastical originsorigins

ConclusionConclusion Some cricket played in Illingworth since 1858Some cricket played in Illingworth since 1858

Revd Davies helped to stimulate cricket during 1877-8Revd Davies helped to stimulate cricket during 1877-8

But demand not supply – cricketers not church - the main factorBut demand not supply – cricketers not church - the main factor

Resurgence in 1883, after lean 1881-2, led to desire for formal Resurgence in 1883, after lean 1881-2, led to desire for formal clubclub

Ambition and competition led to weakening of church’s holdAmbition and competition led to weakening of church’s hold

In October 1887 club demonstrated cohesion and resilienceIn October 1887 club demonstrated cohesion and resilience