182487410 Atoll Getting Started GSM 310 V1 En

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AtollGetting Started-GSM

Version 3.1.0

Forsk ChinaMay 2011


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Atoll Getting Started-GSM Version 3.1.0

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Table of Contents

1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 32 Installation ........................................................................................................... 43 Sequence of operations ................................................................................... 8

3.1 New project .............................................................................................11

3.2 Setting a coordinate system................................................................... 13

3.3 Import of 3D maps................................................................................. 183.3.1 Import of heights map .................................................................................... 19

3.3.2 Import of clutter map...................................................................................... 21

3.3.3 Import of vector map...................................................................................... 24

3.4 Network data setting.............................................................................. 303.4.1 Import of the Sites table ................................................................................. 303.4.2 Antenna parameters setting ............................................................................ 35

3.4.3 Network parameters setting............................................................................ 40

3.4.4 Transmitters parameters setting...................................................................... 503.4.5 Apply update of network parameter settings.................................................. 613.4.6 Import and export to Access database ............................................................ 623.4.7 Import and export XML files.......................................................................... 65

3.4.8 Add new sites ................................................................................................. 69

3.5 Propagation model ................................................................................ 753.5.1 SPM propagation model................................................................................. 753.5.2 CostHata model ............................................................................................ 97

3.6 Propagation matrix calculation.......................................................... 1073.6.1 Preliminary work...........................................................................................107

3.6.2 Propagation calculation, interference matrix, and prediction plot creation...113

3.7 Traffic calculation ............................................................................... 129

3.7.1 Traffic model .................................................................................................1293.7.2 Create traffic map..........................................................................................1373.7.3 Running traffic analysis.................................................................................147

3.8 Neighbour allocation........................................................................... 1563.8.1 Allocate neighbour manually ........................................................................156

3.8.2 Allocate neighbour automatically..................................................................1583.8.3 Calculate importance for existing neighbours ...............................................164

3.9 Frequency allocation........................................................................... 1683.9.1 Manually input the frequency plan................................................................1683.9.2 Automatic frequency allocation model settings ............................................169

3.9.3 Perform an automatic frequency planning.....................................................175

3.9.4 Interactive frequency planning ......................................................................185

3.10 Point analysis....................................................................................... 1903.10.1 Profile ............................................................................................................1903.10.2 Reception.......................................................................................................192

3.10.3 Interference....................................................................................................1923.10.4 Details............................................................................................................193

3.11 Another predictions ............................................................................. 1943.11.1 How to create a prediction.............................................................................194

3.11.2 General prediction setting..............................................................................198

3.12 GSM tools ............................................................................................ 2013.12.1 Search Tool....................................................................................................201

3.12.2 Tx-Tx Interference Tool ................................................................................203

3.13 The other function............................................................................... 208

3.13.1 User configuration.........................................................................................2083.13.2 Separate the path loss data.............................................................................2103.13.3 Tips and tricks ...............................................................................................210


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1 Introduction

This document explains the entire process from the import of network data in Atoll to theproduction of prediction studies. The purpose of this document is to give an overall understandingfor radio engineers, who never use Atoll.

This document does not explain the algorithm and dont give detailed explanation. The user mayfind in the Technical Reference Guide and User Manual the concrete algorithm and the detailedexplanation of parameters.

The user may find all projects and map data in the CD, which was provided with this document.

This document describes how to get started using the Atoll version 3.1.0.


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2 Installation

The installation of Atoll is simple and needs an administrator profile.

1The naming structure of the Atoll installation file is generally: version number.language.build

number.exe, as shown bellow.

2Install Atoll by double clicking on the installation file.

3In the appeared dialog box, click on the next button and choose the installation directory (thedefault path is C:\Program File\Forsk\Atoll). The minimum requirement for the installation ofAtoll is a disk space of 111.9 MB.


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4In the 3rd

window the user may choose Full installation, Compact installation or Custominstallation and select the modules. The recommendation for a first installation of Atoll is Fullinstallation. Later update of Atoll doesnt need to install again the dongle driver for fixedlicense. If the user wants to desinstall an old version before the installation of a new one, thedongle driver has to be installed again. In case of Full installation, the required disk space of126.9MB.

5In the 4thwindow, fill in the Domain, Username and Password fields. If the user dontchoose previously Atoll calculation server, then he doesnt need to fill in any information.


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6Click on the Next button to start the installation of Atoll. After the installation, the computerneeds to be restarted.

Atoll users need to pay attention for the following 3 points:

1 For parallel dongle, it is recommended to insert or remove it only when the computer isturned off.

2 For USB dongle, if it still can not find the USB dongle driver after install Atoll, pleasedownload and install Sentinel Driver as below:http://www.safenet-inc.com/support/tech/sentinel.asp#


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3 Please dont change the computer date when using Atoll.

4 In case of using Atoll Floating License, please contact [email protected] moredetails of the license installation.


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3 Sequence of operations

This following document presents how to establish an Atoll GSM/GPRS/EGPRS project and tocarry out coverage predictions, traffic modelling and production of reports:

1 Start a new project.

2 Import of 3D maps.

3 Setting the coordinate system.

4 Import of network data.

5 Propagation model selection and calibration.

6 Path loss calculation.

7 Interference matrix calculation.

8 Traffic Modelling.

9 Telephone traffic analysis.

10 Neighbours allocation.

11 Frequency planning.

12 Calculation of prediction studies.

13 Production of reports.

The operation flow chart is represented in the following figure (dashed line frames may be chosenor not).


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Drawing of the computation zone

N

Y

Essential data collection Propagation model selection

Start

Import of 3D maps

Choice of coordinate system

Import of antenna patterns

Transmitter table

Equipments setting(GPRS/EGPRS, code, TRX)

CW drive test

Model calibration

SPM modelselected?

Pathloss and interferencematrix calculation

Network parameterssetting (HSN, BSIC,

HCS, time slot)

Site table

Transmitter equipments (TMA, feeder, BTS)


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Y

Y

N

Traffic model

adjustment

N

Traffic modeling

User profile

GSM/GPRS/EGPRSparameters setting

Environments

Terminals

Mobility types

Services Telephone traffic

Does the traffic

model satisfy?

Calculation

Frequency planning

Neighbours allocation

Commit traffic capture resultand calculate traffic load

Do the calculation

results satisfy?

Prediction parameters setting

Dimensioningmodel

Traffic mapsetting

Export the calculation results


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3.1 New project

After opening Atoll, click on or select File->New.

The project templates dialog box will appear. Choose GSM/GPRS/EGPRS template.

Atoll opens a blank GSM/GPRS/EGPRS project. The new project already includes the defaultantenna database.


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The Atoll main window contains an Explorer Window and a Map Window, as seen in the figureabove.

ExplorerWindow

Map Window


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3.2 Setting a coordinate system

Select Document->Properties, as shown in the following figure.

In the appeared Properties dialog box, the Projection and Display can be defined in theCoordinate systems frame.


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First set the projection system (it can be known by reading the file projection.txt in theheights folder). For the demo project the projection system is WGS 84 UTM zone 31N.

Click on the right side of the Projection field on , open Coordinate systems dialog boxand choose WGS84 UTM zones in the Find in box.

Then choose WGS 84/UTM zone 31N and click OK.


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After the setting of parameters, the following dialog box is displayed.

Setting the Display System.

The Display system function allows the user to choose the relative coordinates (X and Y, unitin meter) or the longitude and latitude for the Map Window.

After having set the Projection system, Atoll automatically sets the Display system with thesame system as the Projection system, as shown in the figure above. The windows mapuses relative coordinate. The display has to be set for displaying the longitude and latitude.

Click on the right side of the Display field on the button and open the CoordinateSystems dialog box. Select WGS84 UTM zones and choose the WGS 84 system (with an


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ellipsoidal symbol).

After having set the Coordinate system, the Map Window displays the longitude and latitude (dis degree, m is minute and s is second), as shown in the following figure.


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The user can choose the Degree Format among the xxxx'xx.xxS", xxdxxmxx.xxsS format(minute and second), the xx.xxxxx format (decimal base) or the -xx.xxxxx format (decimal baseand southern hemisphere expressed with the minus sign), as shown in the following figure.

Note: If the user wants to use another projection system and wants to display the longitude andlatitude coordinates, then the display system has to be chosen according to the projection systemname. Moreover there is an ellipsoid symbol in front of the display system.


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3.3 Import of 3D maps

In the main tool bar, select File->Import.

In the appeared Open dialog box browse for the geographical map folder. These files can befound in \Atoll310 GSM demo projects and materials\Geo_Data


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Generally the following data maps need to be imported in Atoll: heights (map of the altitude abovesea level), clutter classes (type of land used) and vector (vector maps). The order of import is notimportant, but, for this document, the following order will be used: heights->clutter->vectors.

3.3.1 Import of heights map

1 In the Open dialog box, select the \Atoll310 GSM demo projects andmaterials\Geo_Data\Brussels\Heights folder in the CD ROM. Select the index document

and click on Open.


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2 In the appeared Data Type dialog box, click on the Altitudes button and click ok.

3After the map import, the following figure appears. The heights map is automatically put on

the left side in the explorer window under the Geo tab named Digital Terrain Model.


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3.3.2 Import of clutter map

1 Select again File->Import in the main toolbar. In the Open dialog box, select the \Atoll310GSM demo projects and materials\Geo_Data\Brussels\Clutter folder. Select the indexdocument and click on Open.

2 In the appeared Data type dialog box, click on the Clutter Classes button and click on Ok.


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3 After the map is imported, the following figure appears. The clutter classes map isautomatically put on the left side in the explorer window under the Geo tab named ClutterClasses.

4Double clicking on the Clutter Classes folder, open the Clutter Classes properties dialogbox for the setting of clutter parameters.


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Select the Description tab and click on the bottom right Refresh button. Atoll will filter the clutterclasses, which are not included into the clutter map. The following figure shows the filtered tab ofclutter classes.

These values have to be set according to the customer network, otherwise Atoll will use defaultvalues 7dB for clutter standard deviation.


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5 In the Display tab, adjust the display color of each clutter type. Pay attention to the Displaytype and the Field. The following figure is the suggested setting of Display tab. Click onthe color frame to change the color for each clutter type.

Select Add to legend to display information in the legend window. Use the Transparencyfunction to adjust the transparency of the map. The display of each clutter may be disabling byunchecking the check-box.

6 After settings the Clutter Classes properties, the clutter map will be displayed as below.

3.3.3 Import of vector map

1 Select again File->Import in the main toolbar. In the Open dialog box, select the \Atoll310


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GSM demo projects and materials\Geo_Data\Brussels\Vector folder. Select the indexdocument and click on Open.

2 In the appeared Data type dialog box, click on the Vector button and click OK.

3In the appeared Vector import dialog box, use the default settings and click on the Importbutton to import the map.


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4 After the map import, the following figure appears. The vector map is automatically put on theleft side in the explorer window under the Geo tab named Vectors.

5Dragging the Vectors folder with the mouse to the top of the explorer window, the vectormap will be placed as the uppermost layer, as seen in the following figure.


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6Double clicking on Airport in the Vectors folder, open the airport properties dialog box,and select the Display tab, as seen in the following figure.

7Clicking on the vector line to open the Display dialog box to set the color and style of the


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vector line.

8 As shown in the following figure, the color of the vector line is changed.

9 You may modify other vector files with the same operations as for the airport vector file.

The following figure shows all the imported digital maps.


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3.4 Network data setting

The setting of a GSM project in Atoll can be done for two different cases:

1 The network is already deployed or the network data, including site location, antennapatterns and so on, already exist.

2 The network is not deployed and the user starts the network planning with site placementin the planning tool.

The following part introduces the first case.

All data have to be prepared in Excel, before importing them. Atoll needs an Excel document withnetwork data including sites, antennas and transmitters.

All necessary data for the setup of the Brussels project are in the GSM_Brussels_Network.xlsdocument in the \Atoll310 GSM demo projects and materials\Reference_Data\Network_Datafolder.

The GSM_Brussels_Network.xls document has 11 worksheets. The network data are containedin the first 3 worksheets and the others will be introduced later.

The import of the network data must be done by a certain order. In Atoll, the order follows theexplorer window order.

3.4.1 Import of the Sites table

1 Open the GSM_Brussels_Network.xls document and select the GSM network-Sites sheet.


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2 Copy the columns Name, Longitude and Latitude (except the title line).

3 In the Explorer/Network window, double click on the Sites folder (or right click on the

Sites folder and select Open Table) will open the Sites table, as shown in the followingfigure.

4 In the Sites table, select the first cell and paste the data. Except for the columns Name, Xand Y, the others are automatically filled in with default value. Atoll will transformautomatically the longitude and latitude form decimal format to minutes and seconds system.

The imported sites will be put in the Sites folder of the Explorer/Network window with analphabetic order, as shown in the following figure.


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5 If the user wants to delete one or several sites, he can delete them in the Sites table ordirectly in the Explorer/Network window.

In the Sites table, click on the left grey cell of the line, which contains the site you want todelete, select the entire line, and push the keyboard delete button.

In the Explorer/Network window, right click on the site you want to delete and select

delete in the menu, as shown in the following figure.


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6 After the input of Sites data, the Map Window is automatically updated with the new sites. Inthe following figure, a black circle represents a site.

7 Open the Sites properties dialog box (right click on the Sites folder and select properties)to change the display attributes, as shown in the following figure.


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Choosing Unique allows only a unique color for the display of sites. Choosing Discrete valuesor Value intervals allows colors selection according to certain characteristics. By default, a site isrepresented by a black circle.

If necessary, the symbol and color of sites can be changed, by selecting Properties in theActions dialog box. The appeared Display window allows the selection of color and symbol.


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3.4.2 Antenna parameters setting

Atoll needs the following antennas data: antenna name, antenna gain, antenna horizontal andvertical patterns. Beamwidth, Fmin and Fmax are reference parameters and they are not used forcalculation. Atoll calculates and displays the electrical down tilt from the vertical pattern. Thecalculated electrical down tilt is only given for information.

1 Select the GSM network-Antennas sheet in the GSM_Brussels_Network.xls document. Asseen in the following figure, the horizontal and vertical patterns are provided.


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2 In Atoll, right click on the Parameters tab Antennas folder in the Explorer Window and selectNew in the context menu, as shown in the following figure.

3 In the Antennas New element properties dialog box, the following tabs are

available: GeneralHorizontal patternVertical pattern and Other properties.


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6 Do the same operation for the vertical pattern.


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7 Other parameters can be set in the Other properties tab, but it is only reference informationand it has no impact on the calculation.


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3.4.3 Network parameters setting

3.4.3.1 Units sett ing

Select Documents->Properties, and then select the Units tab, as shown in the following figure.

In this tab the user can defined the units for the Radiated Power (EIRP or ERP), the Antenna Gain(dBi or dBd), the Transmission power (dBm, Watts or KWatts), the Reception power, the Distanceand the Height. The temperature units also could be set to fit the climate definition.

3.4.3.2 Frequencies sett ing

In the Explorer/Parameters tab and select Network Settings->Frequencies->Bands, as seen inthe following figure.


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In the appeared dialogue define the Frequency Bands.

In the Explorer/Parameters window, select Network Settings->Frequencies-> Domains, asseen in the following figure.


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In the appeared dialogue the Frequency Domains can be defined.

Double click on a Frequency Domain to set up its properties, as shown in the following figure.Define the Min, Max and Step of the Frequency Domain.

In the Explorer/Parameters window and select Network Settings->Frequencies-> Groups, asseen in the following figure. In the appeared dialogue define the Frequency Groups.


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A sample for Frequency domain could be found from \Atoll310 GSM demo projects andmaterials\Reference_Data\Network_Data\GSM_Brussels_Network.xls.

3.4.3.3 BSIC setting

In the Explorer/Parameters window and select Network Settings-> BSICs, as seen in thefollowing figure.


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Define the BSICs Format (Decimal or Octal), as seen in the following figure.

Define the BSICs Domains by selecting Domains.


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Double click on a BSIC Domain to set up its properties, as shown in the following figure. Define theMin, Max and Step of the BSIC Domain.

In the Explorer/Parameters window and select Network Settings-> BSICs ->Groups. Doubleclick on Groups to set up its properties, In the appeared dialogue define the BSIC Groups.

A sample for BSIC could be found from \Atoll310 GSM demo projects andmaterials\Reference_Data\Network_Data\GSM_Brussels_Network.xls.

3.4.3.4 HSN setting

In the Explorer/Parameters window and select Network Settings-> HSNs, as seen in thefollowing figure.


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Define the HSNs Domains by selecting Domains.

Double click on a HSN Domain to set up its properties, as shown in the following figure. Define theMin, Max and Step of the HSN Domain.


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In the Explorer/Parameters window and select Network Settings-> HSNs-> Groups, In theappeared dialogue define the HSN Groups.

3.4.3.5 HCS Layer setting

In the Explorer/Parameters window and select Network Settings->HCS Layers, as seen in thefollowing figure.

In the appeared HCS Layers dialogue define the properties corresponding to each layer, as

shown in the following figure.


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A sample for HCS layer could be found from \Atoll310 GSM demo projects andmaterials\Reference_Data\Network_Data\GSM_Brussels_Network.xls.

3.4.3.6 Timeslot sett ing

In the Explorer/Parameters window and select Network Settings->Timeslot Configurations, asseen in the following figure.

Double click on a Subcell or click on the Properties button to set up the Timeslot properties.

Define the Number of Shared Timeslots, the Number of Circuit Timeslots and the Number ofPacket Timeslots for each Subcell.


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Define the Cell Type properties in the appeared dialogue, as shown in the following figure.

A sample for Cell Type could be found from \Atoll310 GSM demo projects and

materials\Reference_Data\Network_Data\GSM_Brussels_Network.xls.

3.4.4 Transmitters parameters setting

1Because there are some new transmitter equipments should be added in this case at first,please select Radio Network Equipments->Transmitter Equipments to open the Transmitterequipments table, as shown in the following figure.


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Input the BTS equipments into the table.

2 Open the GSM_Brussels_Network.xls document and select the GSMnetwork-Transmitters sheet.


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3 Double click on the Transmitters folder in Explorer/Network (or right click on Transmittersand select Open Table) to open the Transmitters tab, as shown in the following figure.


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4After opening the Transmitters table in Atoll, you will discover that the number of fields islarger than in the Excel file. It is because some of the parameters in Atoll dont need the inputfrom the user but Atoll will automatically fill in default values. The fields listed in the Excel

document are those necessary parameters for the transmitters.

Before copy/paste the Excel table in Atoll, the unnecessary columns have to be hidden. If the usertry to paste the data and that dont match with the Transmitters tab, an error message will bedisplayed. The following figure shows that the Columns to be displayed tab can be accessedunder Tools Bar -> Display Columns


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In the Columns to be displayed tab, the unnecessary fields has to be unchecked for hiding thecorresponding column, as shown in the following chart. Finally the Transmitters tab and theExcel tab have exactly the same columns.

5Copy the transmitters data of the GSM network-Transmitters sheet of the Excel document(except the title line) and paste it in the Transmitters table in Atoll, as shown in the followingfigure.


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6 After the import of data in the Transmitters table, the Map Window will be automaticallyupdated, without refresh or saving the document.


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7 The toolbars button may zoom in or zoom out the Map Window (left click will zoom inand right click will zoom out).

The toolbars button allows the user to choose one region to be zoomed in.

8 Pushing the toolbars button assigns automatically different colors for each transmitter inorder to differentiate them, as shown in the following figure.


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2) Double click the arrow icon, as shown in the following figure.


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3) Select a fan, and click OK to confirm, press OK to exit the Properties dialog box. At thispoint all of the antennas in the network are using this fan. Angle Presented by the fan isthe angle of beamwidth. As shown in the following figure.

4) In Atoll 3.1.0 version Multi-Band networks is supported, according to the actual situation

of the network user can set up a Transmitter with different band settings:


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As shown above, user can set the Transmitter to TRX using 900 as the BCCH Subcell, TRXusing 1800 as the TCH Subcell. And also set the properties for a variety of Subcells withdifferent types of bands in detail, such as transmitters with several propagation settings, whichdepends on the frequency bandwidth of the transmitter launch:

Each band is allowed to have different antenna.

Each band is allowed to use different propagation models, each model has its ownpathloss matrix.

This feature needs adding the following parameters in the document Atoll.ini and restart Atoll:

[Studies]

MultiBandManagement=1


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3.4.5 Apply update of network parameter settings

After setting up the network parameters, the transmitter or Subcell table may need to be updated,example as Transmitters Advanced Settings are applied in Atoll310 GSM demo projects and

materials\Reference_Data\Network_Data\GSM_Brussels_Network.xls table .Parameter set in the Network Parameters Setting are applied to transmitter tables and subcelltable, so users need to select the corresponding network parameters in these two forms.

In addition, after completion of setting, because of other reasons, the network configurationparameters are modified, Atoll will notify the user whether the changes should be updated from theCell Type and applied to the corresponding transmitter table.

Users can also complete the update by selecting the Subcell->Update From Cell Type. As seen inthe following figure.

Setting of Cell Type corresponds to all Subcell choosing the set of such Cell Type. If user

only need to change the corresponding attributes of individual subcel, please update carefully afterthe modifying as above.


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3.4.6 Import and export to Access database

The stand-alone mode does not need to connect any external database, but it can be convenientto import/export network data from/to a database.

3.4.6.1 Import Access database

1 Please find in the following document the Access database file in \Atoll310 GSM demoprojects and materials\Reference_Data\Access_Database, containing the Brussels networkdata (but it does not contain the map data).

2 In Atoll, select File->New->From an Existing Database, as shown in the following figure.

3 In the browsing window select the Brussels_GSM.mdb document.


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4After clicking on Open, Atoll automatically import all network data from the database to theAtoll project.

5 Using Centre in the Map Window to lets the sites appear in the center of the window.

Note: The database does not include the map data, therefore the map data has to beimpor ted separately.


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2In the appeared dialog box select the storage path of XML file. XML file is available in\Atoll310 GSM demo projects and materials\Reference_Data\Exchange XML Files

3Click OK, Atoll will automatically complete the XML file import process. If the import process

successfully, Atoll will display the following tips:


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3 Atoll will automatically complete the XML file export process.


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3.4.8 Add new sites

The steps for importing the network data into Atoll have been introduced above. Atoll provides alsoanother method to add new sites directly in the Map Window.

3.4.8.1 Add new sites one by one

Clicking on the Atoll toolbar button , turn the mouse into a honeycombs shape, as shown in thefollowing figure.

In the Map Window, a new site (including 3 transmitters) can be added directly with a click on theappropriate position. Simultaneously, Atoll adds the corresponding information into the datasheets.

Press the Ctrl key to lay continuously sites in the Map Window. When the laying of sites isfinished, press the Esc key to withdraw from the current status.


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After drawing the polygon, the following figure will appear.


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3.4.8.3 Template management

In the previous sections, a new group of sites have been added by selecting a template and bydrawing a polygon. Atoll allows the user to choose among different templates and to edit a specifictemplate.

The templates are available in the Atoll Parameters Tab, Network Setting -> Station Templates, as

shown in the following figure.

Double click on Station Templates Folder to open table.


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The user may also add a new template or delete an existing one.

The user can edit the templates parameters by double clicking on a Station template. In theappeared dialog box, the templates properties (for example, the number of sectors, the antennamodel, the azimuth, the tilt, the height and so on) can be edited.


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3 In New CW measurement path dialog box, fill in the file name, the correspondingtransmitter, the receiver height. Then paste the Excel table data into the table, asshown in the following figure.

Note: Set the coordinate system with WGS84 corresponding to the projection system asstated in the Excel tab.


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materials\Reference _Data\Measurement_Surveys folder of the CD ROM.

3 In Atoll, right click on CW measurements in the Explorer\Network window andselect Import as shown in the following figure.

4 In the appeared Open dialog box, browse for the document to be imported. Atollsupports the multi selection of files. Several measurements corresponding to thesame transmitter can be imported at the same time, but if the measurements belongto different transmitters, then each measurement has to be imported separately.

Provided test data corresponding to different transmitters, the measurements have to

be imported one by one.


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5 The appeared dialog box contains two tabs, General and Setup. In the Generaltab, define the corresponding reference transmitter, the frequency and receiver height,as shown in the following figure.


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6 In the Setup tab, fill in the 1st Measurement Row field with 2 (because the drivetest document has a title line and the data start at the second line). Then click on theSetup button.

7 After clicking on the Setup button, the CW Measurement Setup dialog box appears,as shown in the following figure. Define X-Coordinates and Y-Coordinates fieldswith respectively the longitude and latitude.


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10 Right click on the CW measurement data file and select the Filtering Assistant, a newdialog window Filtering Assistant on CW Measurement points will be opened. Based


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on this tool, CW measurement data can be filtered by user.


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3.5.1.2 Automatic calibration of the SPM model

A good propagation model calibration requires having enough data, filtering them and carrying acareful tuning of each factor of the model. The tuning steps are quite complex, which is notdescribed in details in this document. A document of specific SPM model calibration can beprovided upon request.

Bellow the SPM model basic operations are introduced.

The SPM automatic calibration may help the user to find the best K parameters, the Effectiveantenna height method, the Diffraction method and the clutter losses.

(1) Duplicate the existing standard propagation model and make the calibration for theduplicated model. This method has the advantage to preserve the existing model and

to allow a calibration of the SPM for each kind of environments.


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After choosing the range, click on OK.

(5) According to the selected CW measurements and the tuning parameters, Atollcalibrates automatically the SPM propagation model.

(6) After the computation, Atoll provides in the same dialog box the results and thestatistics concerning the model, as the average error and the standard deviation.According to the results, the user may choose to commit the K parameters list byclicking on the Commit button.


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(7) If the results are not satisfactory and the K parameters have been already committed,the propagation model can be deleted by right clicking on it and selecting Delete (orby pressing the Delete key on the keyboard).

(8) If after the calibration, the model has to be used in other projects, copy it by withCTRL+C and paste it with CTRL+V in the Modules tab of another project.

Note: the automatic model calibration is only a mathematical computation method. Theresult depends on the quality of the CW measurements. Therefore a high quality of CWmeasurements is required.

3.5.1.3 Verif ied model by using CW measurement data

To judge if a model fits an area (at least fits the CW data), the most direct way is to check thestandard deviation after calibration. The smaller the standard deviation is, the better result will be.In general, the standard deviation required to be less than 8dB after calibration.

In most case, users will use automatic calibration as mentioned above. If needed, they can useanother method to verify their models that is to check the chart showing difference betweenmeasured values and predicted values.

The verification process is:

1 Right click a measurement path in Explorer/Network tab, choose Properties.


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In Parameter tab of properties dialogue window, choose you propagation model in Parametertab like below:


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2 Right click a measurement path in Explorer/Network tab, choose Refresh geo datacommand.


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5 Right click a measurement path, choose Open the Analysis tool command, then a CWmeasurements window will pop up as below:


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6 Click in the CW measurement window, you will simultaneously have a receiver in themap window and its measured value (M) and predicted value (P). You can chooseother display option in the roll down menu, e.g. Error for the difference between M andP.

Note: It can be used for other model like Cost-Hata and Okumura-Hata.

3.5.1.4 Define models for transmitters

After calibration, you need to define for each transmitter which propagation model would be used.You can use shortcut Ctrl + D.


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Both Okuruma-Hata and Cost-Hata can be calibrated. The following paragraph introduces only thecalibration of the Cost-Hata model, but the calibration of the Okuruma-Hata model is similar.

3.5.2.1 Import of CW measurements

Please refer to the paragraph 3.5.1.1.

3.5.2.2 Automatic calibration of the Cost-Hata model

The following paragraph does not make an exhaustive introduction of the automatic calibration ofthe Cost-Hata model. Automatic calibration is quite complex because of the detailed adjustment

steps. Please contact the Atoll Support Team for more information.

Firstly, the CW measurements must be in a sufficient number and of good quality, in order tocalibrate accurately the Cost-Hata model.

The Cost-Hata calibration tool might help the user to find the best A1, B1, Diffraction Factor andFormula Correction for each type of clutter.

1 Right click the Cost-Hata model and select Duplicate will duplicate the Cost-Hata model.

So, the calibration will not affect the parameters of the existing Cost-Hata model.

2Double click on the folder Copy of Cost-Hata will open the properties dialogue. The


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Cost-Hata propagation model can use an environment formula appropriate to each clutterclass when calculating. Furthermore, Cost-Hata propagation model can add diffractionloss and take into account limitation to free space loss.

Add di ff rac tion loss:The Cost-Hata propagation model can take into account losses due todiffraction, using a 1-knife-edge Deygout method, and using the ground altitude given in theDTM. The diffraction can be weighted for each Hata environment formula.

Limitation to free space loss: When using a Hata-based propagation model, it is possible tocalculate a theoretical path loss that ends up being lower than the free space loss. In Atoll,you can define any Hata-based propagation model to never calculate a path loss that is lowerthan the calculated free space loss per pixel.

3 Right click on the folder Copy of Cost-Hata and select Calibration will open thecalibration wizard. Select one or several CW measurement(s) and click Next, as shownin the following figure.


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5Atoll automatically calibrates the Cost-Hata model and displays the parameters beforeand after the calibration. Atoll provides also the root mean square, the average and thestandard deviation before and after the calibration. According to the results the user canchoose to commit the result by clicking on the Commit button.

6 If a propagation model is not useful, its easy to delete it by right clicking on the Cost-Hatamodel and select Delete or use the Delete key on the keyboard.

7 If the user wants to use the propagation model in another Atoll project, just copy theexisting propagation model with CTRL+C and then paste it in the new project withCTRL+V.


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3.5.2.3 Cost-Hata model propert ies

1 Double click on Cost-Hata in Explorer/Parameters -> Propagation Models (or rightclick on the Cost-Hata icon and select Properties) will open the Cost-Hata properties

dialog box.

2In the Cost-Hata properties dialog box, the propagation formula has to be set for eachkind of clutter. Click on the Formulas button on the bottom left for checking Cost-Hataformulas and default values. The propagation parameters have to be set according to theuser experience.


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3.6 Propagation matrix calculation

3.6.1 Preliminary work

Before launching the calculation of the pathloss matrices, the following preliminary work has to bedone.

3.6.1.1 Resolution of predictions and receiver height

The user needs also to set the resolution for coverage studies. This resolution may be equal orlower than the maps accuracy. The higher the resolution is, the longer the processing time is.

1 Right click on the Predictions folder of the Explorer/Network window and selectProperties (or double click directly on the Prediction folder).

2 In the Predictions properties dialog box, set the Default resolution value to 20m(this will be the resolution for the following prediction studies). Clicking on PrivateDirectory allows the user to select the path loss document, which will be used to storethe pathloss matrices. The user can either select the Embedded option to store thepathloss matrices in the current Atoll project, or select the .\xxxxx.losses option tostore the pathloss matrices in the external .losses folder which in the same directory


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of the ATL file, or use the Browse option to select a folder to store the pathlossmatrices externally.

3 In the Explorer/Parameters tab, right click on Network Setting folder and selectProperties command, from the dialog box, set 1.5m for the receiver height (Height ofhandset).


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3.6.1.2 Sett ing the Computation Zone

If there is no computation zone defined, the pathloss matrices for all transmitters will be calculated,based on the calculation radius and the signal threshold.

If the user wants to calculate the pathloss matrices only for a specific region, a Computation Zonecan either be imported or directly drawn in the Map Window.

1 Drawing the Computation Zone

1 Right click on Computation Zone in the Geo tab of Explorer Window and selectDraw in the context menu.

2 Then draw a polygon with the mouse to delimitate the region, for which thepropagation will be calculated.


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2 Import of the Computation Zone

1 Right click on Computation Zone in the Geo tab of the Explorer Window and selectImport in the context menu.


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4 After the import, the computation zone will appear in red, as seen in the followingfigure.

5 Right click on Computation Zone in the Geo tab and select Export. Then exportthe computation zone with .MIF, .agd (Atoll map format) or .shp format. Thiscomputation zone can be imported in other projects.


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3.6.2 Propagation calculation, interference matrix, and

prediction plot creation

Calculation in Atoll includes two parts, one is propagation calculation and interference matrix, theother is to calculate prediction plot.

3.6.2.1 Propagation calculation and interference matrix

1 Propagation calculation

Propagation calculation calculate path loss for each bin in calculation area. The results arestored in path loss matrix. The size of a bin is the calculation resolution of a transmitter. Right clickTransmitters folder, choose Calculations-> Calculate Path Loss Matrices to start calculation. Asshown in below picture:


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2 Interference matrix

1 Calculate interference matrix calculate probability of C/I for each transmitter pair. The

principle is to set a frequency for all TRXs and calculate interference probabilities betweeneach pair by considering their location, antennas, power and digital map etc.


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4 The user can click Externalise button to export the interference matrices results. By doingso you can reduce the size of Atoll document. The exported results can be re-importedwhenever needed.


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In the Study types dialogue window, 8 default prediction items are listed. The former 3 items onlyconsider downlink power. You can calculate them before traffic capture and frequency allocation.

1 Best cell coverage plot generation

1 Choose Coverage by transmitters, click OK button to open the properties window of thatprediction. Define the resolution of the plot in General tab.


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2 In Condition tab, define a bottom threshold for received power, e.g. -120dBm, and a Serveras Best signal level per HCS layer. Reception from TRXs is BCCH.


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After Propagation calculation (as mentioned above) finished, Atoll will create the coverage plot.

The result is shown as below. Every prediction plot generated by user will be saved underPredictions folder.

The generated prediction plots will be locked automatically. They will not be changed even youchange radio parameters. So if you want to recalculate a prediction plot, you need to unlock it first(to uncheck Study locked on the right click menu).

2 Signal level coverage plot

1 In Study type dialogue window, choose Coverage by signal level.

2 In Condition tab, set a bottom threshold for received power as -120dBm. The Server is All.


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3 Set display properties in Display tab, such as intervals and colors of legends. In legendcolumn, you can change Min and Max values and their colors, or click Actions->Shading,set start break, last break and interval.


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3 The generated coverage plot is shown as below:

Number of servers >=2 represents there are two cells with a difference of signal level in 4 dB inthis area.

Number of servers >=3 represents there are three cells with a difference of signal level in 4 dB.

And so on.


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3.6.2.3 Force calculation

As mentioned before, if no parameter has been changed, Atoll will not recalculate path losses forcells. But Atoll provides you a Force calculation feature to rerun path losses for all cells.

Click icon on tool bar to force recalculate the whole path loss matrix.

3.6.2.4 Save template

The default setting of legend provided by Atoll may be not what you like. So Atoll provides you afeature to save the settings you changed as a template.

1 Right click a prediction you need to save, choose Save as Customised Predictioncommand.

2 The saved prediction template can be found in Study type window.


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3.7.1.1 Services

1By default, Atoll provides 4 kinds of service types. Double clicking on the Voice type willopen the Voice properties dialog box.

2 Voice

In the General tab, set the Service Type and Max Probability of Blockingor Delay.

3Data serviceIn the General tab, set the Service Type , Max Probability of Blockingor Delay, Max

Packet Delay, Min Throughput (per user), Required availability for Min Throughput, MaxNumber of Timeslots, Scaling Factor and Offset.


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5The user can specify a new type of Service Right click on the Services folder, selectNew and set up all the parameters in the appeared dialog box.

3.7.1.2 Mobility types

Atoll provides by default 3 Mobility Types (the name depends of the speed). Double clicking on the50km/h mobility opens the 50 km/h properties dialog box.

1The user can specify a new type of Mobility Right click on the Mobility Types folder,select New and set up all the parameters in the appeared dialog box.

3.7.1.3 Terminals

1 Atoll provides 5 kinds of Terminals by default. Double click on GPRS 900 1800 and open theGPRS 900 1800 properties dialog box.


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3.7.1.6 Dimensioning model

1 Atoll provides user a Dimensioning Model to calculate capacity after traffic capture (for how todo traffic capture and capacity calculation, please refer to 3.7.3 Running traffic analysis). In

Parameters tab, you can define max number of TRXs per transmitter. For CS you can chooseErlang B to compute traffic. For PS you can define min number of packet dedicated timeslotsper transmitter and max number of TRXs to add for PS.

2 You can define the default model for dimensioning also for KPI calculation. In KPI calculationyou can define min throughput, max blocking rate and max delay.


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3 In Quality Graphs tab you can check function chart, delay chart and blocking chart.


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4 Below is blocking chart as available connection is 1:

3.7.2 Create traffic map

Atoll provides you 3 ways to create traffic map:

1 User profile traffic map User profile environments

User profile densities2 Sector traffic map

Amount of traffic

3 Traffic maps per user density (No. Users/km2)

Right click on Traffic in the Explorer/ Geo tab and select New map, as seen in the followingfigure.


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In the appeared New traffic Map dialog box, the above 3 methods for traffic map creation can beselected, as shown in the following figure.

For each category, the user can choose between different options:

User profile traffic map

User profile environments

User profile densities

Sector traffic map

Amount of traffic

Traffic map per user density (No. Users/km2)

User density

In the following paragraphs, 3 methods for traffic map creation will be introduced with theReference Data\Traffic from the CD ROM.


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3.7.2.1 User profile traffic map (based on environment)

1Draw manually

(1) In the New Traffic Map dialog box, select Based on environments and click on Create

Map

(2) Atoll will display the Environment map editor on the top of the Map Window.

(3) In the Environment map editor, the user can choose one kind of environment, likeSuburban

(4) Then click on the button to draw a polygon in the desired area corresponding to aSuburban environment, as shown in the following figure.


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(5) With the same method draw the Dense Urban zone.


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(6) If the drawing polygon is not good, it can be deleted with the button.

5Import a traffic map

In the Atoll310 GSM demo projects and materials\Reference_Data\Traffic\Raster_Traffic folder of

the CD ROM, a traffic map is prepared. It is the same map as the clutter map.

Note: The clutter map can be used as a traffic map, especially for complex environments,because it is d ifficult to draw manually this kind of map.

(1) Select Based on environments in the New traffic Map dialog box and then click on theImport a file button.

(2) In the appeared dialog box, select the Atoll310 GSM demo projects andmaterials\Reference_Data\Traffic\Raster_Traffic\Map_Per_Environment_Of_User_Profiles.bil in the CD and import it.

(3) Atoll will automatically open the Environment map properties dialog box where the user candefine the display color, the legend and the code for each environment.

6Export a traffic map

A traffic map can be exported from the Atoll document.

Right click on the Environment map folder and select Save As to export the traffic map.


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3.7.2.2 User profile traffic map (based on densit ies)

This kind of traffic map may also be drawn manually or imported from external files.

The drawing method is the same of the method introduced for the traffic map based onenvironments. In the following part, the method for importing a traffic map from the CD isintroduced.

1) Select Map based on user profile (vector) in the Create a traffic map dialog box and thenclick on the Import a file button.

2) In the appeared dialog box, select the \Atoll310 GSM demo projects andmaterials\Reference_Data\Traffic\Vector_Traffic\Airport\Airport_Building.mif file from the CDand import it.


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Confirm your traffic maps coordinate system:

3) In the appeared dialog box, select the Traffic tab to define the indoor percentage and theweight for each clutter.


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4) Import with the same method the other vector traffic maps located in the \Atoll310 GSM demoprojects and materials\Reference_Data\Traffic\Vector_Traffic folder.

3.7.2.3 Sector traffic map

Traffic map per sector can be either generated by input data manually or imported from externalfiles.

The input parameters for each serving cell and each service are either the uplink and downlinkthroughput or the number of users.

1Input the data manually

1 Open \Atoll310 GSM demo projects and materials\Reference_Data\Traffic\Cell_Traffic\Trafficmap_Service_Transmitter(Brussels).xls file, copy all data (except headline).

2 Choose Traffic map per sector in Create a traffic map window, click Amount of traffic option,then click Create map.

3 In Traffic per transmitter window, you can import txt or csv files by Action. In this case, youpaste all the data then you get the result as below:


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6 You may see in the map window the traffic map has the same border lines as Coverage bytransmitter plot.


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2Import a traffic map

1 Choose Traffic map per sector in Create a traffic map window, click Amount of traffic option,then click Import a file button.

2 In Open window, choose Traffic\Cell_Traffic/ Live_Traffic.agd in the CD to import.

3 Set traffic parameters in traffic map properties window.

3.7.2.4 Traff ic map per user density (no. of users/km2)

You can create this kind of map by manually drawing or importing an existing vector map.

1 Choose User density on Traffic map per user density(no. of users/km2), then click

Create map button.

2 Set percentage for Terminals, Mobilities, and Services in Traffic tab. Please note that forvoice and data service, you need to set separately, i.e. you need to create at least twodensities map if you want to do planning for both voice and data at the same time.

3.7.3 Running traffic analysis

You can run traffic analysis after you establish your traffic model and traffic map. It is composed bytwo parts: traffic capture and capacity calculation.

Traffic analysis is first to capture traffic in each transmitter according to traffic map and trafficmodel then calculate required number of TRXs according to captured traffic. By that you can makeplanning for capacity and frequency allocation later.


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3.7.3.1 Traff ic capture

Traffic capture calculates traffic spreading in each transmitter. Calculation result will be displayedin two ways, per transmitter or per Subcell.

1Right click Traffic Analysis folder in Explorer/Network tab, choose New command.

2Choose a traffic map used in traffic capture in Source traffic tab (e.g. Environment map 1).


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3Configure coverage condition and calculation parameters for GPRS/EGPRS in Condition tab.Since calculation based on C/I or C/(I+N) takes into account interference condition whichhighly depends on frequency allocation, please note that you should choose calculation basedon C if you have not allocated frequency yet and increase Global Scaling Factor in SourceTraffic tab to model a high traffic and interfered environment.

4Click Calculate button, Atoll start to run traffic analysis.

You can check the simulation process in Event viewer window.


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5Traffic analysis results are displayed by transmitter and Subcell.


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You can base your traffic capture on different settings, but only one traffic capture can be used asdefault. You can right click a traffic capture and check the option Default. There would be a smalltick on the icon.


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3.7.3.2 Capacity calculation

You can calculate capacity according to captured traffic.

1 Select Traffic->Dimensioning and KPI Calculation to calculate capacity.

2 Choose Calculate to run after checking Dimensioning model parameters.


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3 Click Commit button to commit results to Subcell.


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4 You can use your own Subcell parameters which can be imported like transmitter parameters.You can double click a record in Subcell table and open its properties window to edit. Asshown below:


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3.8 Neighbour allocation

Atoll has automatic neighbour allocation feature. Since neighbour relationships are considered in

automatic frequency planning, you need to allocate neighbour manually or automatically. Thischapter will describe how to allocate neighbour manually and automatically.

3.8.1 Allocate neighbour manually

There are two ways to allocate neighbour manually.

3.8.1.1 Import neighbour list

1

Right click Transmitter folder in Explorer/Network tab, choose Transmitters->Neighbours->Intra-Technology->Open table to open GSM neighbour table.

2 Open Atoll310 GSM demo projects andmaterials\Reference_Data\Network_Data\GSM_Brussels_Network.xls and find Transmitter


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3.8.1.2 Adding neighbours in map window

1 Click roll down bar next to icon, choose Neighbours then click icon.

2 Click a source Transmitter then press Ctrl button and click a transmitter you want to add

as a neighbour to source transmitter. This transmitter will be added in neighbour list of sourcetransmitter. Note: click a transmitter with pressing Ctrl button, non-symmetry Neighbour willbe added; click a transmitter with pressing Shift buttom, symmetry Neighbour will be added

3.8.2 Allocate neighbour automatically

1Right click Transmitter folder in Explorer/Network tab, choose Transmitters->Intra-technology-> Automatic allocation.


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2Set parameters in properties window and clickCalculate button.


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3The result of allocation will be displayed as below. Click Commit button to commit result toneighbour table.


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And the neighbours will be signed with marking in source column for different source.


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4Click icon on the tool bar, and click a transmitter on the map, all the neighbours of thistransmitter will be displayed with a line linking to it.


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3.8.3 Calculate importance for existing neighbours

Importance of neighbours will be used in AFP.

1Right click Transmitter folder in Explorer/Network tab, choose Transmitters-> Neighbours->Intra-technology->Calculate Importance.


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2Parameter settings are the same as automatic allocation.


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3Click Run to calculate and the result will be committed to neighbours table automatically.


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3.9 Frequency allocation

You can input manually the frequency solution in Atoll. You may input frequency

numbers(including the BCCH channel and the other channel) separated by space in Channelcolumn when you import transmitter(just for non-hopping/base band Hopping mode). If you importthe frequency plan into the transmitter table, the BCCH column must be filled at the same time.But import the data into the TRX table is the best way for frequency plan import ing becauseyou can not import a frequency plan with Synthesized Hopping mode.

Atoll also provides you automatic frequency allocation feature, but you need you have a licencewith AFP module activated. Besides, Atoll provides you a semi-automatic frequency planning sothat you can optimize your solution by adjusting some frequencies. You need to calculate aninterference matrix, capacity and neighbour relationships before you start an automatic frequencyplanning.

The aim of AFP is to get the lowest cost. It will stop if the cost is 0.

(Note: Atoll AFP module is a part of GSM module but a extra module. Before you run theAFP in Ato ll , please confi rm there is a AFP licence in your dong le)

3.9.1 Manually input the frequency plan

Right click on Transmitters and select Subcells->TRXs Table to open the TRX table, asshown in the following figure.


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Import your frequency plan into TRX table.

You can find a demo sheet from GSM_Brussels_Network.xls document TRX tab.

3.9.2 Automatic frequency allocation model settings

In Explorer/Parameters tab, right click Atoll AFP Module->Propertie to open its settings. Below isdescription on how to configure an AFP module.


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3.9.2.1 Cost sett ing

In the Cost tab, you can define parameters in cost function. Atoll will consider interfered traffic dueto all kinds of reasons. In Cost tab, you can define how to consider all possible reasons.

3.9.2.2 Separations Weights sett ings

In the Separations Weights tab, you can define the weights for different separation situations.


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3.9.2.3 Interference Matrixes sett ings

In the Interference Matrices tab, you can define combination weights for different source ofinterference matrices.


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3.9.2.4 HSN settings

You can choose an allocation strategy in HSN tab.

3.9.2.5 MAL sett ings

You can choose planning strategies for MAL in MAL tab when it is a synchronized hopping in thenetwork.


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3.9.2.6 Finalsation settings

You can define how to consider target computation time and result assignment in Finalsation tab.

3.9.2.7 Reuse sett ings

You can define a pattern in Reuse tab which will be repeated on each site during AFP, and alsoallocation strategies for BSIC, MAIO and frequency.


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3.9.2.8 Protections setting

In the Protection tab, you can define the Additional Protection against the Adjacent Channel Reuseand Inerference definition according to the required quality threshold.

3.9.2.9 Advanced setting

In the Advanced tab, you can define interferer diversity gain and frequency diversity gainaccording to different MAL length. Also you can choose whether to consider impact of DTX andadditional adjacent channel protection in the interference cost. Experience obtained during themodel internal calibration can be conserved to accelerate speed of AFP the next time you use in asimilar network.


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3.9.3 Perform an automatic frequency planning

Automatic frequency planning is based on user resources. You need to configure those kinds ofparameters before you perform an automatic frequency planning. (See 3.4.4 Network parameterssetting)

The other pre requirements would be a valid interference matrix and number of required TRXsavailable in Subcell.

Neighbour relationships will impact automatic frequency planning. It is recommended to haveneighbour allocated before AFP.

The steps of network planning are given in chapter 3 Operation steps. Below are the steps of AFPonly.


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1 Right click Transmitters folder in Explorer/Network, choose Frequency plan->Automatic

Set Frequencies/BSICs inNetwork settings. Set

parameters for AFP Module(no HSN/MAL/MAIO)

Import network dataSite/Transmitter/Antenna

start

Import map data

Set Frequencies/BSICs/HSNs in Network Settings

Set hopping parameters in Cell Types, updateTransmitter table. Set parameters for AFP Module.

Frequencyhopping?

N

Y

Set GSM/GPRS/EGPRS Parameters

Create traffic map, traffic capture and networkdimensioning

Define computation zone, calculation pathloss and interference Matrix

Neighbour allocation

Freeze Transmitter/Subcell/TRX if needed

AFP parameter setting

Launch AFP

Stop AFP and commit

N

Y

Satisfy?Commit result


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Allocation.

2 Choose Atoll AFP Module in AFP module selection and resources to allocate. AFP Rank canbe allocated to show the interference level of a Subcell.


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Click Next button to continue.

Note: If it is a non-hopping in the network, please dont choose MAL, MAIO and HSN. If youchoose to allocate hopping parameters in a non-hopping network, it may lead to amalfunct ion for AFP.

3 Set separation rules for each combinations of different types of Subcell. Here is the same as3.9.1.2 Separations Weights. If these rules are violated in AFP, they will add violation costs tocost function.

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182487410 Atoll Getting Started GSM 310 V1 En

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