1820-1860. The North’s Economy Essential Question: What innovations in industry, travel and...
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Transcript of 1820-1860. The North’s Economy Essential Question: What innovations in industry, travel and...
NORTH AND SOUTH
1820-1860
The North’s Economy
Essential Question: What innovations in industry, travel and
communications changed the lives of Americans in the 1800s?
Industrialization and Transportation Industry, travel and communications
expanded greatly during the 1800sDue to mass production and the sewing
machine, factories in the Northeast produced 2/3 of the nation’s manufactured goods
Steamboats, roads and canalsLocomotives and railway networks
Moving Goods and People Erie Canal - Goods could be shipped
faster and more cheaply Railroads and canals led to settlement
of the Midwest
Faster Communication
Telegraph - Samuel Morse developed Morse code
By 1852, there were 23,000 miles of telegraph lines in the United States
Agriculture
Revolutionary inventions in the 1830s changed farming methods, and agriculture became more profitableJohn Deere – “wooden plow” cut through
prairie sodCyrus McCormick – “mechanical reaper”
could harvest grain much faster than hand held sickles
West and South focused on cash crops North had a flourishing industry
Making Connections
Factors that led to the settlement of the Midwest
Answer the Essential Question: What innovations in industry, travel and communications changed the lives of Americans in the 1800s?
The North’s People
Essential Question: How did immigration have an impact on
cities, industry and cultures in the North?
Northern Factories
As the factory system developed, working conditions worsenedLong hoursDangerous conditionsNo heating or cooling systemsLow wages
Workers Attempt to Organize
1830s – Trade Unions 1830s – (NYC) skilled workers staged a
series of strikes to try to get higher wages and better hours
Early 1800s – going on strike was illegal
African American Workers Racial prejudice and discrimination
was widespreadOften not allowed to voteNot allowed to attend public schools or
facilitiesSegregated schools and hospitals
Women Workers
Employers paid male workers more than women workers
Men excluded women from unions and wanted them out of the workplace
The Rise of Cities
Both natural born citizens and immigrants flocked to cities where most factories were located
1820-1840: Great Lakes and Midwestern towns along rivers developed into major cities
Larger cities became even larger (NYC, Philadelphia)
Immigration
Irish Potato FamineMost Irish took low paying factory jobs or
worked to build railroads Germany Brought languages, customs,
religions and traditions with them which filtered into American culture
Immigrants Faced Prejudice 1830s and 1840s: anti-immigrant feelings
rose Nativists: People opposed to immigration
who believed that immigrantsthreatened the future of native born
Americanswere taking jobs from native born citizensbrought crime and disease to America
Know Nothing Party: anti-Catholic group who called for stronger citizenship laws
Making Connections
Why did some Americans object to immigration?
Answer the Essential Question: How did immigration how an impact on cities, industry and culture in the North?
Southern Cotton King
Essential Question: How did the South’s industry and economy
differ from the industry and economy of the North?
Rise of the Cotton Kingdom The economy of the South, unlike that
in the North, remained largely agricultural
Cotton Gin developed by Eli Whitney in 1793Processed cotton fibers quicklyFarmers wanted to grow more cotton to
increase profitsMore laborers needed results in more slave
labor
Industry in the South
Industry developed slowly in the SouthAgriculture was extremely profitableLack of capital or money to invest in
businessMarket for manufactured goods was small
due to smaller population Some Southern leaders wanted to
develop industry so as to not rely so heavily on northern manufacturing
Southern Transportation
Natural waterways used to transport goodsFew canalsPoor roadsFew railroads that were not connected to
each other
Making Connections
Why did some Southerners feel that industrial growth would benefit the region?
Answer the Essential Question: How did the South’s industry and economy differ from the industry and economy of the North?
The South’s People
Essential Question: What characterized slave life in the South?
Farms and Plantations The South had far more small farms than
large plantationsYeomen: largest group of whites in the South –
small farms without enslaved workersTenant FarmersRural poor – avoided jobs done by enslaved
people Plantations: large areas of land but usually
had few enslaved workersSlaves would do some domestic work but
usually worked as field hands
Life Under Slavery
Worked hard for no money Feared separation from loved ones Close knit extended families were a vital
feature of life Although many enslaved African
Americans accepted Christianity, they often followed religious beliefs and practices of their African ancestors as wellSpirituals
Slave Codes
Laws in Southern states that controlled enslaved peopleCould not assemble in large groupsRequired to have written passes when
leaving the slaveholder’s propertyMade it a crime to teach enslaved people
to read or write Under these conditions, slaves are
less likely to rebel
Resistance to Slavery Some enslaved African Americans rebelled
openly against their owners (rare) Nat Turners Rebellion (1831): He and his
followers killed at least 55 whites before being capturedFrightened white SouthernersLed to more severe slave codes
Resistance helped enslaved workers to tolerate their lack of freedomWork slowly, break tools, pretend to be ill, etc.
Escaping Slavery
Some enslaved African Americans tried to run away to the North
Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglas Underground Railroad
Network of “safe houses” owned by free blacks and whites who opposed slavery
Most runaways were caught and returned to their owners and severe discipline
Answer the Essential Question
What characterized slave life in the South? Give specific examples.