18.0 Guidelines to Practice Energy Efficiency in CKE Design

8/12/2019 18.0 Guidelines to Practice Energy Efficiency in CKE Design

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Chapter 18

Guidelines to Practice Energy

Efficiency in CKE Design

1.0 Introduction

Energy Efficiency (EE) in the JKR context means the efficient utilization of energyduring the operational lifespan of a building here the comfort of its occupants isnot compromised nor sacrificed! "nitially EE can be achie#ed by isely ta$ing#arious energy sa#ing measures during the design stage of the building! "npro%ects designed by JKR& energy in buildings is associated mainly ith electricity!

'ften this is mista$enly ta$en to imply that EE is the sole responsibility ofelectrical engineers! "n reality& anything that leads to the e#entual enduse ofelectricity is related to EE in buildings!

2.0 Integrated Design Approach

"ntegrated building design is a process of design in hich multiple disciplines andseemingly unrelated aspects of design are integrated in a manner that permitssynergistic benefits to be realized! he goal is to achie#e high performance andmultiple benefits at a loer cost than the total for all the components combined!his process often includes integrating green design strategies into con#entionaldesign criteria for building form& function& performance and cost!

o achie#e EE in JKR constructed buildings& it can be carried out by applying bothpassi#e and acti#e design strategies!

*assi#e design strategies includes adopting design measures such as buildingorientation and shape& site planning& selection of building en#elope all and roofmaterials ith lo thermal mass conducti#ity& building shading design& indotype and design& type of glazing& daylight har#esting strategy& using natural#entilation and good landscaping design!

+hile acti#e design strategies refers to selecting energy efficiency e,uipment&

utilities systems& control system and strategy that result in direct reduction in thebuilding energy running costs! his includes using high efficiency -./C system&such as using .ariable /ir .olume (./.) or chilled beam air conditiontechnologies0 using high efficiency motors& pumps and fans& .ariable peed2ri#ers (.2s) ith motor dri#ing pumps and fans ith #ariable loads0 use of highefficient lighting system and occupancy sensor and use of effecti#e control systemsuch as 3uilding /utomation ystem (3/)!

"n Caangan Ke%uruteraan Ele$tri$ e are focused on acti#e design strategy oneof hich is includes Electric 4ighting 2esign! his ill be focused in this guideline!

*anduan e$ni$ Edisi Ke5 6778 Caangan Ke%uruteraan Ele$tri$ *g 1 of 28


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Chapter 18

3.0 ighting Design

3.1.1 !ypes of ighting

here are many type of lighting products including light bulbs& lamps& ballast&fluorescent lamps and fluorescent fixtures& troffers& trac$ light& emergency fixtures&batteries& incandescent lighting& high intensity discharge (-"2) lamps and fixtures&rope lights& mercury lamps& dimmers and other products for area lighting!

or domestic and industrial use& the selection of lighting& in term of attage andcolour rendering& is important in ensuring the right en#ironment for a or$ing areaand the efficient utilization of energy& ithout %eopardizing any #isual elements!

"e#eral !ypes of Energy Efficient ights



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3.1.2 Electronic $allast for %luorescent ighting

/lthough electronic ballast sa#es substantial amount of energy& it is not idelyused to replace the relati#ely energyinefficient standard electromagnetic ballastbecause of its higher cost

Electronic ballast gi#es significant energy sa#ings ith fluorescent lighting&typically reducing poer consumption by around 69:! Electronic ballast aredesigned to last 17 to 19 years lifetime ith long burning times and lo sitchingfre,uencies! hey are more compact and ;7: lighter eight than electromagneticballasts!

6>?1>>9!



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Chapter 18

3.2 ighting Design Criteria

@!6!1 4uminous En#ironment

Aood lighting practice for or$place is more than %ust pro#iding good tas$#isibility! "t is essential that tas$s are performed easily and in comfort! hus& thelighting must satisfy the ,uantitati#e and ,ualitati#e aspects demanded by theen#ironment! "n general lighting is to ensure?

i! #isual comfort& here the or$ers ha#e a feeling of ellbeingii! #isual performance& here the or$ers are able to perform their #isual

tas$s& speedily& and accurately& e#en under difficult circumstances andduring long periods

iii! #isual safety& to see oneBs ay around the detect hazards!

/ccordingly& to ha#e a good lighting design& the folloing criteria should be ta$en

into consideration?

i! 4uminous en#ironmentii! 4uminance distributioniii! "lluminancei#! Alare#! 2irectionality of light#i! Colour aspects of light and surfaces#ii! lic$er #iii! 2aylightix! =aintenance

2esign #alues for the ,uantifiable parameters of illuminance& discomfort& glare andcolour rendering are presented in /ppendix 1!

@!6!6 4uminance 2istribution

he luminance distribution in the field of #ie controls the adaptation le#el of theeyes& hich affect tas$ #isibility! / ellbalanced adaptation luminance is neededto increase?i! #isual acuity (sharpness of #ision)ii! contrast sensiti#ity (discrimination of relati#ely small luminance

differences)iii! efficiency of the ocular functions (such as accommodation& con#ergence&

papillary contraction& eye mo#ements& etc!)

2i#erse luminance distribution in the field of #ie also affects #isual comfort andshould be a#oided?

i! too high luminance can gi#e rise to glareii! too high luminance contrasts ill cause #isual fatigue due to continuous re

adaptation of the eyesiii! too lo luminance and too lo luminance contrasts results in a dull and

nonstimulating or$ing en#ironmenti#! attention should be gi#en to adaptation in mo#ing from zone to zone ithin

a building!



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Chapter 18

he luminance of all surfaces is important and ill be determined by thereflectance of and the illuminance of the surfaces! he range of useful reflectancefor the ma%or interior surfaces is gi#en in able 1 belo!

'o Interior "urfaces (ange of )seful (eflectance

1 Ceiling 7!; 7!>

6 +alls 7!@ 7!8

@ +or$ing *lanes 7!6 7!;

5 loor 7!1 7!9

!a*le 1+ (ange of useful reflectance for the &a,or interior surfaces

@!6!@ "lluminance

he illuminance and its distribution on the tas$s areas and the surrounding areaha#e a ma%or impact on ho ,uic$ly& safely and comfortably a person percei#esand carries out the #isual tas$! or spaces here the specific area is un$non&the area here the tas$ may occur is ta$en as the tas$ area!

/ll #alue of illuminance specified in this guideline are maintained illuminance andill pro#ide for #isual safety at or$ and #isual performance needs! he details ofthis can be referred to /ppendix 6

@!6!@!1 Recommended illuminance at the tas$ area

he #alues gi#en in /ppendix 6 are the maintained illuminance o#er the tas$ area

on the reference surface hich may be horizontal& #ertical or inclined! hea#erage illuminance for each tas$ shall not fall belo the #alue gi#en in /ppendix6 regardless of the age and condition of the installation! he #alues are #alid fornormal #isual conditions and ta$e into account the folloing factors?

i! re,uirement for #isual tas$sii! safetyiii! psychophysiological aspects such as #isual comfort and ellbeingi#! economy#! practical experience!

he #alue of illuminance may be ad%usted& by at least one step on the scale ofilluminance& if the #isual conditions differ from the normal assumptions! heilluminance should be increased hen?

i! unusually lo contrasts are present in the tas$ii! #isual or$ is criticaliii! errors are costly to rectifyi#! accuracy or higher producti#ity is of great importance#! the #isual capacity of the or$er is belo normal!

he re,uired maintained illuminance may be decreased hen?

i! the details are of an unusually large size or high contrastii! the tas$ is underta$en for an unusually short time!



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"n area here continuous or$ is carried out& the maintained illuminance shall notbe less than 677 lux!

@!6!@!6 cale of illuminance

/ factor of approximately 1!9 represents the smallest significant difference insub%ecti#e effect of illuminance! "n normal lighting conditions& approximately 67 luxof horizontal illuminance is re,uired to %ust discern features of the human face ands the loest #alue ta$en for the scale of illuminance! he recommended scale ofilluminance is?

67 @7 97 D9 177 677 @77 977 D97 1777 1977 6777 @777 9777 lux!

@!6!@!@ "lluminance of immediate surroundings

he illuminance of the immediate surroundings areas shall be related to theilluminance of the tas$s area and should pro#ide a ellbalanced illuminancedistribution in the field of #ie! Rapid spatial changes in luminance around thetas$s area may lead to #isual stress and discomfort!

he maintained illuminance of the immediate surroundings areas may be loerthan the tas$s illuminance but shall not be less than the #alues gi#en in the tablebelo!

as$ illuminance lux"lluminance of immediate

surrounding lux

D97 977977 @77

@77 677

F 677 ame as tas$ illuminance

!a*le 2+ Illu&inance of i&&ediate surroundings and tas- illu&inance

@!6!@!5


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Chapter 18

hese to attributes must be considered separately!

Colour /ppearance

he #ariation in the amount of colours ithin a light mixture affects theappearance of the light in terms of its relati#e GarmnessB or GcoolnessB! odescribe this GarmnessB and GcoolnessB of the colour of the light sources& the termGcolour temperatureB is used!

Colour emperature or Correlated Colour emperature (CC) due to itstheoretical basis in the study of Gblac$ bodyB radiation should apply only to sourceith a continuous spectrum (such as incandescent lamps and natural light)!-oe#er& for light sources ith non continuous spectral distribution (such asfluorescent lamps here the spectrum consists of pea$s of energy)& CC is usedmainly on an empirical sense (i!e! in a #ery Gnear approximateB sense)!

Colour Rendering

/ more common method of characterizing light sources by its colour is the ColourRendering "ndex (CR")! he CR" compares the spectral energy content of a lightsource to that of a standard reference source ith full spectrum! he CR" #alue isthe numerical #alue and is 177 for fullspectrum natural hitelight! "ncandescentlights are considered nearly hite and ha#e CR" close to 177! =ost lights ha#eCR" typically in the range of 67 87!

he CR" model is not a perfect model and should only be used to compare lightsource ith the same colour temperature! or example& (about) ;777K daylightfluorescent and clear mercury has CR" of D; and 66 respecti#ely! he daylight

fluorescent ill therefore render colours better than clear mercury! he differencebeteen a @577K tungsten halogen ith CR" >> and an ordinary 6877Kincandescent ith CR" >6 can usually also be differentiated by most obser#ers!2espite the small difference in CR" #alues& the tungsten halogen ill rendercolours more #i#idly compared to the ordinary incandescent! Colour rendering isimportant especially in the case of (building) faHade and monument building!

@!6!5 2aylight

2aylight may pro#ide all or part of the lighting for #isual tas$s! 2aylight may createa specific modeling and luminance distribution due to its nearly horizontal flofrom side indos! 2aylight can also be pro#ided by roof lights and other

fenestration elements! /n automatic or manual sitching or dimming of the lampsis re,uired during day time depending on the #isual acceptance limit!

@!6!9 Aeneral *rinciples of Efficient 4ighting *ractice

4ighting must pro#ide a suitable #isual en#ironment ithin a particular space& i!e!sufficient and suitable lighting for the performance of a range of tas$s andpro#ision of a desired appearance!

he maintained illuminance le#els and maximum alloable poer for illuminationsystems for general building areas are as gi#en in able @!



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or a building comprises one or more discrete spaces& the lighting poer densityof each space should not exceed the corresponding maximum alloable #alue aslisted in able @!

$uilding !ypes "pace(eco&&ended a#erageIllu&inance le#els /u

a. lighting poer/4 &5

ood er#ice 677 15

Cafeteria 677 15

4eisure 2ining I 3ar 197 15

ast food 677 67

'ffice @77 577 67

upermar$et I 2epartmenttore

677 D97 @7

Retail hop 677 D97 67

=ain Concourse at multi store shopping centre

677 D97 19

3asement Car *ar$ 97 9-otel I =otel?

Auest room Corridor 177 1D

*ublic /rea 177 67

3an,uet Exhibit @77 67

tore I tairs I 4a#atory 177 17

Classroom @77 977 18

4ecture heatre I/uditorium

@77 577 69

!a*le 3+ (eco&&endation a#erage illu&inance le#els and &ai&u&

alloa*le #alues of ighting Poer Density

3.3 Efficiency of u&inance

he efficiency of a light source depends to large extent on ho efficient (4!'!R)and performance of the lighting fixtures!

/ lamp that produces 67 lumens I att& hen installed& may actually distributeonly 17 lumens hen co#ered by dust!

3.6 ighting 7one Control

/ll spaces enclosed by all and ceiling height partitions shall be pro#ided ith atleast one operated onoff lighting control for each room!

itch to compacts fluorescent light bulbs& in areas here lights are left on forlong periods of time& or in difficult to reach places!

'ne sitch is pro#ided for each tas$ or group of tas$ ithin an area of @7 m orless! 4ighting sitch must possibly next to exit door!

he total number of sitches shall be at least one sitch for each 1$+ ofconnected load!


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all it is best to place the luminaries in ros parallel to the indo all andcircuited so that the ro nearest the indos ill be the first to dim or sitch offfolloed by successi#e ros!

/utomatic GonB I GoffGcontrol sitches are re,uired for areas of infre,uent use byusing lighting sensors!

or commercial building and offices& lighting in lo occupancy area& i!e! = Eplant rooms& store rooms& meeting rooms& and any other identified areas& anautomatic control system e,uipped ith sensor shall be placed in order to reducethe energy consumption at that particular area!

or landscaping area in condominiums and apartments& lighting shall be sitchedof @7: after 16?77 am due to lo occupancy in these areas!

treet lights at urban area (especially ma%or highay and federal routes) shall be

dimmed to 97: after 1?77 am in #ie of the lo traffic! -oe#er& this is notapplicable in rural area here only a fe streets lights are installed!

3.8 Electrical Energy eter

Electrical Energy =eters should be installed at strategic load centers to identifyconsumption by functional use of the lighting& air conditioning or plug loads! hisenergy meter can be placing near to the each distribution board for enable us tosystematically monitor the energy consumption!

3.9 Guideline for $est Practice

i! =aintenance

=aintained illuminance depends on the maintenance characteristic of the lamp&the luminaire& the en#ironment and maintenance programme! he lighting schemeshould be designed ith o#erall maintenance factor calculated for the selectedlighting e,uipment& space en#ironment and specified maintenance schedule! hecalculated maintenance factor should not be less than 7!D7!

3est practice guideline is established for periodical maintenance and appropriateselection and usage of lighting e,uipment!

ii! 2etermination of 4ighting Efficiency

4ighting poer consumption in term of $+h is determined as follos?

L

L L L L


Consumption poerper lighting ($+)

/#erage luminance onor$ing place& E (lx)

/rea& /(m)

4uminance fluxper one lamp&

M (m)

Criteria forrational use of

energy

=aintenancerate& =

'perating-our& (h)


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Chapter 18

6.0 !ransfor&ers Design

he Electrical upply "ndustry (E") uses transformers in the generation&transmission and distribution sectors! 2ecision to purchase hat type of

transformers is more of economics here one must compare the higher initialcapital cost to purchase higher energy efficient transformers ith the cost of thelosses of loer efficient transformers o#er time!

"ncreased cost of energy results in energy conser#ation and usage of energyefficient e,uipment! "mpro#ement of transformer efficiency results in sa#ings fromreduction in losses& hich ill lead to reduction in the consumption of fossil fuelsto produce the electrical energy& thereby resulting in impro#ed conser#ation ofnatural resources toards sustainable de#elopment!

his guideline sets out the minimum re,uirements for achie#ing energy efficientdesign and installation of poer transformer ithout sacrificing safety& reliability

and ,uality! he guideline pro#ides guidance on specification& selection&efficiencies and efficient utilization of li,uidfilled transformers! "t also pro#idesguidance on best practice in the design& operation and maintenance of poertransformers!

6.1 !ypes of !ransfor&er

/ *oer ransformer is a static piece of apparatus ith to or more indingshich& by electromagnetic induction& transforms a system of alternating #oltageand current into another system of #oltage and current usually of different #aluesand at the same fre,uency for the purpose of transmitting electrical poer!

ransformers are generally classified into to categories as follos?

a i:uid /;il %illed !ransfor&er

/ transformer of hich the magnetic circuit and indings are immersed inan insulating li,uid (for this guideline& it may be any insulating li,uid&mineral oil or other product) is regarded as oilfilled transformer!

* Dry !ype !ransfor&er+

/ transformer of hich the magnetic circuit and indings are not immersedin an insulating li,uid is regarded as dry type transformer!

6.2 Parts of !ransfor&er

he transformer essentially consists of the folloing parts?

a) =agnetic coreb) +indingsc) "nsulationd) an$e) Cooling systemf) 3ushings

g) apchangers



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Chapter 18

6.3 !ypes of !ransfor&ers osses

ransformers can be broadly classified into 6 categories as follos?

a) Noload losses consists of the folloing components?

i) -ysteresis losses in core laminationsii) Eddy current lossesiii) "R losses due to no load currentsi#) tray losses#) 2ielectric losses

b) 4oad losses consists of the folloing components?

i) 4osses in indings due to load current floii) Conductor eddy current losses

iii) 4osses at auxiliaries

6.6 Guidelines on "election of !ransfor&ers

he folloing are the selection criteria?

a) he type of transformerb) .oltage transformation ratioc) he inding connection and #ector groupd) he impulse ithstand #oltagee) he impedance #oltagef) lux density

g) he transformer losses and transformer efficiencyh) he tapping rangei) 4imits of temperature rise%) Class of inding insulation$) Noisel) 2esign and construction

6.8 Guideline on Efficient )tili


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6.9 ocation of Distri*ution !ransfor&ers

4ocation of distribution transformers should comply ith table belo?

oad fed *y !ransfor&ers Distance of !ransfor&er fro& oadCentres

O ;77 / Not more than 67 meters

@77 / to ;77 / Not more than 177 meters

6.= >K( "pecification in !ransfor&ers Design

5!D!1 he @@I11$. transformers shall be suitable for conditions operation on a threephase 97 -z high #oltage transmission system at the #oltage specified and&unless specifically stated otherise& the neutral earthing conditions for thesesystems ill be as follos?

7!519$. olidly earthed11$. olid or resistance earthed@@$. olid or resistance earthed

5!D!6 he transformers shall be of lo iron loss and lo copper loss cast resin dry typecomplying ith the rele#ant 3ritish tandard or "EC recommendations!

5!D!@ he air conditioning plus the other mechanical system shall be supplied by its ontransformer!

5!D!5 he no load and full load losses for cast resin dry type shall not exceed thefolloing #alues?

(ated Poer /-?A 'o oad oss /4att oad oss /4att

977 867 9@77

877 1597 9777

1777 1;77 ;177

1697 1>77 D977

1;77 6@77 8877

6777 6897 16777

6977 @@97 1@>77

5!D!9 *oer transformer loadings shall not exceed D7: of rated capacity under normalconditions! he choice of poer transformer sizes shall ta$e into considerationharmonics as ell as current and future fault le#els! here shall be pro#ision forforced cooling of the transformer!

5!D!; he transformer est to be carried out shall co#er but not limited to the folloing ?

1! Routine ests

a) "nduced #oltage dielectric test

b) /pplied #oltage dielectric test

c) =easurement of noload losses and the noload current



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d) =easurement of the resistance of =. and 4. indings

e) =easurement of the impedance #oltage and load losses

f) =easurement of the transformation ratio and #erification of the #ectorgroup

6! ype ests

a) he temperature rise test

b) he lightning impulse test

@! pecial ests

a) =easurement of the partial discharge le#el

b) =easurement of the noise le#el

5!D!D /de,uate #entilation system shall be pro#ided for the ransformer Room!



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8.0 otor Design

"n =alaysia& electric motors typically account for D7: of the electricity usageamong industries! he motors in the industrial sector in =alaysia consume as

much as R=; billion orth of electrical energy annually! "t& therefore& ma$essense that higher efficiency in motors ill result in substantial sa#ings in energyand electricity costs!

8.1 otor "election

9!1!1 -igh Efficiency =otor

=otors con#ert electrical energy into mechanical energy to dri#e machinery!2uring this con#ersion& some energy is lost! Current motors feature impro#eddesigns and incorporate the latest de#elopments in materials technology! hemost efficient of these motors are termed -igh Efficiency =otors (-E=s)

classified as Eff1 under the European Committee of =anufactures of Electrical=achines and *oer Electronics (CE=E*)& or their e,ui#alent!

he CE=E* classification standard has been adopted by =alaysia to classifymotor efficiencies! 3elo -E=s or Eff1 are Eff6 and Eff@ motors& hich ha#edescending a order of efficiencies! Key design features of -E=s include?

"mpro#ed fan design Reduces indage losses and impro#es air flo

3etter slot design "mpro#es both efficiency and poer factor

"mpro#ed core design 4oers flux density and increases cooling capacity&

reducing magnetic and load losses

'ptimized air gap Reduces current re,uirements and stray loadlosses

hese features result in other ad#antages besides energy sa#ings& as -E=s?

-a#e higher poer factor

-a#e longer lifespan and feer brea$dons

Run cooler and less susceptible to #oltage and load fluctuations& and

*roduce less aste& heat and noise!

=otor efficiency classification labels are labeled as E1 (the highest)& E6 andE@ (the loest) on rating plates and technical data tables in manufacturesBcatalogues!

9!1!6 Efficiency Classification

=otors are classified according to CE=E* in three efficiency classes?

E1 (highefficiency motors)

E6 (impro#edefficiency motors)

E@ (standard motors)


EFF

3

EFF

2

EFF

1


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9!1!@ Efficiency esting Re,uirements

=otor energy efficiencies are to be tested according to = "EC;77@56?6779 or itslatest edition! he ,ualifying motors for Energy Efficiency Classification underCE=E* are as follos?

otally Enclosed an Cooled (EC)& "* 95 or "* 99

@ phase& s,uirrel cage induction motors& of 6 5 pole construction

ith outputs 1!1 to >7$+!

Rated for 577 #olts& 97 -z& 1 2uty (Continuous 2uty)! or motors rated at

@87 567 #olts& the declared efficiency #alues are tests at 577.!

tandard design (2esign N)& gi#en in "EC;77@516 and -armonization

2ocument (-2) 6@1!

8.2 Energy and Costs @ "a#ing Potential

9!6!1 Costs premium for -igh Efficiency =otors

he cost premium for -E= is about 97 to 197 percent abo#e the cost of ana#erage motor! /n -E= comes ith higher capital cost but there ill be asignificant amount of energy sa#ings during its lifespan! he =alaysianAo#ernment has made it e#en more attracti#e to buy -E=s by offering?

Exemption on import duty and sales tax& and

"n#estment tax alloance for energy efficient e,uipment

'n a#erage& the initial purchase cost of a motor only ma$es up 6: of the total

cost of onership! he total electricity consumed to operate the motor o#er itslifetime of 19 years ma$es up >D: of its total lost!

9!6!6 a#ings in Running Cost

he energy costs of a motor can be ,uite high o#er its lifetime! he longer theoperating hours& the higher energy costs! herefore& the lifetime cost calculationsshould be performed to determine hether repair or replacement of an existingstandard motor ith a high efficient motor is more economical!

4hat to Consider 4hen "electing a otor

+hen changing to a smaller or high efficiency motor& it is important to consider thefolloing?

a) Running emperature -igh efficiency motors operate ithin the same Class 3temperature limits as standard motors but ill not dissipate as much heat!

b) =aximum poer capability 3efore changing to a smaller& loer rated motor& it isimportant to chec$ that no load ill arise hich ill exceed this ne rating!

c) tarting tor,ue he starting tor,ue de#eloped in the ne& loer rated motor is li$elyto be less than that of the existing motor! hus& the starting duty in the application illha#e to be chec$ed! "n cases& here the existing dri#e is a star I delta starter& achange to direct on line start can be considered except hen starting tor,ue orcurrent must be limited! oft starter may be considered!



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Chapter 18

d) pecial loads =any dri#es pro#ide starting and acceleration tor,ue to the load astheir main function& e!g! centrifuges or flyheels on presses! he running current ofthese machines& e!g! hen full speed achie#ed& is ,uite lo and may gi#e the



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Chapter 18

impression that donsizing is possible! uch cases are unsuitable for application ofthis energy sa#ing opportunity& but this could be easily established measuring thestarting current!



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Chapter 18

9.0 "uggested ethods for Energy Efficiency *y ;thers in >K(

9.1 $uilding Design "pecification

he nature of the building en#ironment is an important factor in the design of thelighting system! "f dar$ colours are used on alls& floors and ceilings& the result isdecreased light le#el as more light is absorbed by the dar$ surfaces!


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Chapter 18

Efficient multi zoning air distribution ith .ariable /ir .olume (./.) and

.ariable peed 2ri#es (.2) to ensure the air conditioning areas are allithin the specified comfort zones and to control cooling comfort hereyou ant it!


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Chapter 18

Appendi 1

ini&u& Alloa*le ?alues of u&inous Efficacy for ?arious !ypes of a&p

Factor Incandescent Fluorescent MH HPS LPS

Wattae 25 ! 150 18 ! 400 50 ! 400 50 ! 400 18 ! 180

"ut#ut

$lu%ens&

210

'2(700

1(000

'7(500

1(900

'30(000

3(600

'4(600

1(800

'33(000

)ff*c*enc+

$lu%ens ,

-att&

8 ! 18 55 ! 79 38 ! 75 72 ! 115 100 ! 183

Lu%en

Ma*ntenance90 $85& 85 $80& 75 $65& 90 $70& 100 $100&

La%# L*fe$.ours&

750 ! 2(000 10(000 !20( 000

10(000 !20(000

18(000 !24(000

16(000

/I90 ! 95 30 ! 90

80 ! 9020 ! 39

20

otes Wattageand outputrefers to t.e co%%onl+ aa*lale la%# rat*n for outdoor

l*.t*ns

Efficiencyrefers to lu%*nous eff*c*enc+ taen at 50 %ean l*fet*%e and do not

*nclude allast loss

Lumen Maintenancerefers to #ercent of *n*t*al la%# out#ut at 50 of %ean

l*fet*%e and at end of l*fet*%e $#arent.es*s&

Lamp Life refers to t.e a##ro*%ate %ean l*fet*%e of la%#



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Appendi 2

"chedule of interior /areas tas-s and acti#ities ith specification of illu&inanceBglare li&itation and colour :uality

!ype of interiorB tas- or acti#ity E&lu

)G( (a(e&ar-s

1. General $uilding

Entrance halls 177 66 ;7

4ounges 677 66 87

Circulation areas and corridors

177 68 57

/t exits andentrances pro#ide atransition zone anda#oid suddenchanges

tairs& escalators and tra#elators 197 69 57

4oading rampsIbays 197 69 57 Canteens 677 66 87

Restrooms 177 66 87

Rooms for physical exercise @77 66 87

Cloa$rooms& ashrooms&bathrooms and toilets!

677 69 87

ic$ bay 977 18 >7

Rooms for medical attention 977 1; >7 cpat least 5&777 K

*lant rooms& sitch gear rooms 677 69 ;7

*ost room& sitchboard 977 1> 87

tore& stoc$rooms& cold store

177 69 ;7

677 lux if

continuouslyoccupied

2ispatch pac$ing handling areas @77 69 ;7

Control tation197 66 ;7

677 lux ifcontinuouslyoccupied

2. Ce&entB concrete *ric-sindustry

2rying

*reparation of materials& or$ on$ilns and mixers

677 68 67afety colours shallbe recognizable

Aeneral machine or$ @77 69 87

Rough forms @77 69 873. Cera&ic glass industry

2rying 97 68 67

*reparation& general machine or$ @77 69 87

Enamelling& rolling& pressing&shaping simple parts& glazing& glass

bloing@77 69 87

Arinding& engra#ing& glass polishing& shaping precision parts&

manufacture of glass instrumentsD97 1> 87

2ecorati#e or$ 977 1> 87

Arinding of optical glass& crystal hand grinding and engra#ing& or$

on a#erage goodsD97 1; 87



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Chapter 18

Appendi 2 /continue

!ype of interiorB tas- or acti#ityE&

lu

)G( (a(e&ar-s

*recision or$& e!g! decorati#egrinding& hand painting

1&777 1; >7cpat least 5&777 K

6. Che&icalsB plastic and ru**erindustry

Remote operated processinginstallations

97 67afety colours shallbe recognizable

*rocessing installations ith limitedmanual inter#ention

197 68 57

Constantly manned or$places in processing installations

@77 69 87

*recision measuring rooms&

laboratories 977 1> 87 *harmaceutical production 977 66 87

ype production 977 66 87

Colour inspection 1&777 1; >7

Cutting& finishing& inspection D97 1> 87

8. Electrical industry

Cable and ire manufacture @77 69 87

+inding?

large coils @77 69 87

medium sized coils 977 66 87

small coils D97 1> 87

Coil impregnating @77 69 87 Aal#anising @77 69 87

/ssembly or$?

rough& e!g! large transformers @77 69 87

medium& e!g! sitchboards 977 66 87

fine& e!g! telephones D97 1> 87

precision& e!g! measuringe,uipment

1&777 1; 87

Electronic or$shops& testing&ad%usting

1&977 1; 87

9. %ood industry

+or$places and zones in breeries& malting floor& for ashing& barrel

filling& cleaning& sie#ing& peeling&coo$ing in preser#e and chocolate

factories& or$places and zones insugar factories& for drying andfermenting tobacco& fermentationcellar

677 69 87

orting and ashing of products& =illing& mixing and pac$ing

@77 69 87

+or$places and zones in slaughter houses& butchers& dairies mills& on

filtering floor& in sugar refineries

977 69 87

Cutting and sorting fruits and #egetables

@77 69 87



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Chapter 18

Appendi 2 /continue

!ype of interiorB tas- or acti#ityE&lu

)G( (a(e&ar-s

=anufacture or$ of cigars andcigarettes 977 66 87

"nspection of glasses and bottles& product control& trimming& sorting decoration

977 66 87

4aboratories 977 1> 87

Colour inspection 1&777 1; >7 cpat least 5&777 K

=. Paper industry

*ulp mills& edge runners 677 69 87

*aper manufacture and processing& paper and corrugating machines&

cardboard manufacture@77 69 87

. !etile industry +or$places and zones in baths& bale opening

677 69 ;7

Carding& ashing& ironing&draing&cmbing& sizing& cardcutting& pre

sinning& %ute and hemp spinning @77 66 87

pinning& plying& reeling& inding&arping& ea#ing& braiding& $nitting

977 66 87*re#ent stroboscopiceffects

eing& fine $nitting& ta$ing upstitches

D97 66 >7

=anual design& draing patterns D97 66 >7 cpat least 5&777 K

inishing& dyeing 977 66 87 2rying room 177 68 ;7

/utomatic fabric printing 977 69 87

3urling& pic$ing& trimming 1&777 1; >7

Colour inspection& fabric control 1&777 1; >7 cpat least 5&777 K

"n#isible mending 1&977 1> >7 cpat least 5&777 K

-at manufacturing 977 66 87

. 4ood or-ing furnitureindustry

/utomatic processing& e!g! drying*lyood manufacturing

97 68 57

team pits 197 68 57

a frame @77 69 ;7 +or$ at %oinerBs bench& glueing&

assembly@77 69 87

*olishing& painting& fancy %oinery D97 66 87

+or$ on oodor$ing machines&e!g! turning& fluting& dressing&rebating& groo#ing& cutting& saing&

sin$ing

977 1> 87

election of #eneer oods&mar,uetry& inlay or$

D97 66 >7cpat least 5&777 K

uality control 1&777 1> >7 cpat least 5&777 K



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Chapter 18

Appendi 3

Energy Efficiency Chec-list /Electrical Aspects ;nly


'o Descriptions FE" '; De#iation>ustification

1 ighting

1!1


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Chapter 18

Appendi 3 /continue

'o Descriptions FE" '; De#iation>ustification

6!5 2esign to maintain electric fre,uency to

97-z ith #ariations not exceeding SI 1:

6!92esign the locations of poer transformersand main sitchboards sited at their loadcentre!

6!; 2istance of ransformer from load centre?

a! 4oad fed by ransformers? O ;77/

not more than 67 meters

b! 4oad fed by ransformers? @77/ to ;77/

not more than 177 meters

6!Dhe cast resin dry type transformers are oflo iron and lo copper loss

3 onitoring "yste&

@!1Electrical Energy =eters near to eachdistribution boards

@!6 Energy =anagement ystem (E=)

@!@ 3uilding /utomation ystem (3/)

6 ;ther ite&s /if any please ite&i


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Chapter 18

(eferences

1! Energy Efficiency and Conser#ation Auidelines for =alaysian "ndustries!

(*ublished by *usat enaga =alaysia& July 677D)

6! JKRB /pproach oards Energy Efficiency in 3uildings(/rticles by "r -%h /zura =ahayudin "r Aopal Narian Kutty)

@! =alaysia tandard = 1969?6771

5! =alaysia tandard = 1969?677D

18.0 Guidelines to Practice Energy Efficiency in CKE Design

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