18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delayece322/LECTURES/Lecture19/Lecture_19.pdf · 18-322...
Transcript of 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delayece322/LECTURES/Lecture19/Lecture_19.pdf · 18-322...
![Page 1: 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delayece322/LECTURES/Lecture19/Lecture_19.pdf · 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delay ... Device equations (NMOS) Non-Sat: ... NMOS](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5a7966467f8b9af91c8d9eca/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delay
• Load Capacitance
• Fall and rise time analysis.
• Analytical models.
• Propagation delay analysis.
• Fall and rise time formulas
• Transistor sizing
• Multi-input gates
Text: Sections 3.3.3 and 4.2
![Page 2: 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delayece322/LECTURES/Lecture19/Lecture_19.pdf · 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delay ... Device equations (NMOS) Non-Sat: ... NMOS](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5a7966467f8b9af91c8d9eca/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
CMOS Inverter’s
LoadVDD
GND
In
VDD
GND
OutC
AB B
A
B
A
C
C
VDD
GND
B
A
B
C
C
A
VDD
GND
A
B
C
B CA
VDD
GND
C
A
C
A
![Page 3: 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delayece322/LECTURES/Lecture19/Lecture_19.pdf · 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delay ... Device equations (NMOS) Non-Sat: ... NMOS](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5a7966467f8b9af91c8d9eca/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
VDD
GND
In
VDD
GND
OutC
AB B
A
B
A
C
C
VDD
GND
B
A
B
C
C
A
VDD
GND
A
B
C
B CA
VDD
GND
C
A
C
A
CL VDD
GND
In
CL
![Page 4: 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delayece322/LECTURES/Lecture19/Lecture_19.pdf · 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delay ... Device equations (NMOS) Non-Sat: ... NMOS](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5a7966467f8b9af91c8d9eca/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
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CMOS Inverter - Switching
VDD
GND
VDD
GND
"1"
CL
VDD
GND
"0"
CL
![Page 5: 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delayece322/LECTURES/Lecture19/Lecture_19.pdf · 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delay ... Device equations (NMOS) Non-Sat: ... NMOS](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5a7966467f8b9af91c8d9eca/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Device equations (NMOS)
Non-Sat:
Saturation:
where
Ids βn Vgs Vtn–( )Vds12---Vds
2–=
Ids
βn
2----- Vgs Vtn–( )2
=
βn µ εtox------ W
L-----
n
=
![Page 6: 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delayece322/LECTURES/Lecture19/Lecture_19.pdf · 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delay ... Device equations (NMOS) Non-Sat: ... NMOS](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5a7966467f8b9af91c8d9eca/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Inverter Switching
Non-Sat Sat
Vds = Vgs - Vtn
OffOn
Vout
Ids
Vin
fall time rise time
Time
VOL
VOH
VDD
VinVout
CL
NMOS trajectory: Vout falling.
90%
10%
![Page 7: 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delayece322/LECTURES/Lecture19/Lecture_19.pdf · 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delay ... Device equations (NMOS) Non-Sat: ... NMOS](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5a7966467f8b9af91c8d9eca/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
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CMOS Inverter - Switching
DS
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
V = 5.0 VGS
V = 4.5 VGS
V = 4.0 VGS
V = 3.5 VGS
V = 3.0 VGS
V = 2.5 VGS
V = 2.0 VGSV = 1.5 VGS
V [V]
DSI [µA]
5.04.03.02.01.0
VDD
GND
"1"
CL
![Page 8: 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delayece322/LECTURES/Lecture19/Lecture_19.pdf · 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delay ... Device equations (NMOS) Non-Sat: ... NMOS](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5a7966467f8b9af91c8d9eca/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Output Fall Time Analysis
PMOS
NMOSCL
Vout(t)
Ic
Idsn
NMOS saturated: Vout ≥ VDD - Vtn
PMOS
NMOSCL
Vout(t)
Ic
NMOS non-saturated:0 < Vout ≤ VDD - Vtn
Rcn
tf kCL
βnVDD-----------------=
![Page 9: 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delayece322/LECTURES/Lecture19/Lecture_19.pdf · 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delay ... Device equations (NMOS) Non-Sat: ... NMOS](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5a7966467f8b9af91c8d9eca/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
CMOS Inverter - Switching
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0DS
GS
V [V]
DS- I [µA]
V = -5.0 V
-5.0-4.0-3.0-2.0-1.0
VDD
GND
"0"
CL
![Page 10: 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delayece322/LECTURES/Lecture19/Lecture_19.pdf · 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delay ... Device equations (NMOS) Non-Sat: ... NMOS](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5a7966467f8b9af91c8d9eca/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
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Output Rise Time Analysis
PMOS
NMOSCL
Vout(t)
Ic
Idsp
PMOS saturated: Vout ≤ |Vtp|
PMOS
NMOSCL
Vout(t)
Ic
PMOS non-saturated: |Vtp| < Vout < VDD
Rcp
tr kCL
βpVDD-----------------=
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Inverter Rise/Fall Time Equalization
• Fall, Rise times:
• To equalize rise, fall times:
tf kCL
knWL-----
nVDD
-------------------------------=
tr kCL
kpWL-----
pVDD
-------------------------------=
,
µn 2µp=( ) WL-----
p
2WL-----
n
≈ ⇒
![Page 12: 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delayece322/LECTURES/Lecture19/Lecture_19.pdf · 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delay ... Device equations (NMOS) Non-Sat: ... NMOS](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5a7966467f8b9af91c8d9eca/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Propagation Delays
• .∆t ∆QIavg--------- CL
∆VIavg---------= =
Vin
tpHL tpLHTime
VOL
VOH AB C DVOL + VOH
2
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13
• , .tpHL CL
12--- VOH VOL–( )
Iavg------------------------------------= Iavg
IA IB+
2-----------------=
Propagation delay - t pHL
DS
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
V = 5.0 VGS
V = 4.5 VGS
V = 4.0 VGS
V = 3.5 VGS
V = 3.0 VGS
V = 2.5 VGS
V = 2.0 VGSV = 1.5 VGS
V [V]
DSI [µA]
5.04.03.02.01.0
VDD
GND
"1"
CL
AB
![Page 14: 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delayece322/LECTURES/Lecture19/Lecture_19.pdf · 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delay ... Device equations (NMOS) Non-Sat: ... NMOS](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5a7966467f8b9af91c8d9eca/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
DS
GS
V [V]
= -5.0 V
-5.0-4.0
"
C
H
14
• , .tpLH CL
12--- VOH VOL–( )
Iavg------------------------------------= Iavg
IC ID+
2-----------------=
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
DS- I [µA]
V
-3.0-2.0-1.0
VDD
GND
0"
CL D
Propagation delay - t pL
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e time
15
Inverter Switching
Vin
fall time ris
Time
VOL
VOH
VDD
VinVout
CL 90%
10%
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D-- RpCL τ r= =
CL
Vout(t)
Ic
p
16
Inverter Rise/Fall TimeSimplifications:
tf kCL
βnVDD----------------- RnCL τ f= = = tr k
CL
βpVD---------------=
PMOS
NMOS
RPMOS
NMOSCL
Vout(t)
Ic
Rn
![Page 17: 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delayece322/LECTURES/Lecture19/Lecture_19.pdf · 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delay ... Device equations (NMOS) Non-Sat: ... NMOS](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5a7966467f8b9af91c8d9eca/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
VDD
-----------
17
Inverter Sizing• Fall, Rise times:
• To equalize rise, fall times:
tf kCL
knWL-----
nVDD
-------------------------------=
tr kCL
kpWL-----
p
--------------------=
,
µn 2µp=( ) WL-----
p
2WL-----
n
≈ ⇒
![Page 18: 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delayece322/LECTURES/Lecture19/Lecture_19.pdf · 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delay ... Device equations (NMOS) Non-Sat: ... NMOS](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5a7966467f8b9af91c8d9eca/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
VDD
3C
4/1
2/1
C
2C
Rp = R
Rn = R
18
Inverter Sizing
VDD
2/1CL = Cn + Cp = 3C
4/1
Cn =Cn = C
Cp = Cp = 2C
Rp = R
Rn = R
tf = tr = 3RC
![Page 19: 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delayece322/LECTURES/Lecture19/Lecture_19.pdf · 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delay ... Device equations (NMOS) Non-Sat: ... NMOS](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5a7966467f8b9af91c8d9eca/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
verters
3C
tdf
19
Transistor sizing: Cascaded inVDDVDD
3C2/1
3C
4/1 4/1
2/1
VDD
4/1
2/1
A B
Vin
tdr
VOL
VOH
90%
10%
A B
tdr = tf1 + tr2
tdf = tr1 + tf2
![Page 20: 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delayece322/LECTURES/Lecture19/Lecture_19.pdf · 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delay ... Device equations (NMOS) Non-Sat: ... NMOS](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5a7966467f8b9af91c8d9eca/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
ertersVDD
3C
4/1
2/1
VDD
2C
2/1
2/1
20
Transistor sizing: Cascaded inv• tdf = R3C + R3C = 6RC
tdr = R3C + R3C = 6RC
• tdf = 2R2C + R2C = 6RC
tdr = R2C + 2R2C = 6RC
VDD
2/13C
4/1
VDD
2/12C
2/1
![Page 21: 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delayece322/LECTURES/Lecture19/Lecture_19.pdf · 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delay ... Device equations (NMOS) Non-Sat: ... NMOS](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5a7966467f8b9af91c8d9eca/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
(long buses,
2 - 5
21
Stage Ratios
C L
a1 a2 a3
Problem:Driving large load capacitancesI/O pads)
Solution:Inverter chain with stage ratio a=
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L
0 C
1, tdr = 208RC
2, tdr = 41RC
22
Stage Ratios
tdr = R(2aC) +
C
a1 a2 a3
CL= 10
for a =
for a =
(2R/a)(2a2C) +
(R/a2)(2a3C) +
(2R/a3)(CL)
= 8RaC + 2RCL/a3
![Page 23: 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delayece322/LECTURES/Lecture19/Lecture_19.pdf · 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delay ... Device equations (NMOS) Non-Sat: ... NMOS](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5a7966467f8b9af91c8d9eca/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
DD
Vout
Rp Rp
23
Sizing multi-input gates
tf kCL
βn
3-----VDD
-----------------=
tf = 3RnCL
tr = RpCL
V
in3
in2
in1
Rn
Rn
Rn
Rp
![Page 24: 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delayece322/LECTURES/Lecture19/Lecture_19.pdf · 18-322 Lecture 19 CMOS Gates: Sizing and Delay ... Device equations (NMOS) Non-Sat: ... NMOS](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020204/5a7966467f8b9af91c8d9eca/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
nCL
RpCL
24
Sizing multi-input gates
VDD
GND
Out
B
A
B
C
C
A
tf = R
tr = 3
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RnCL
RpCL
25
Sizing complex gates
VDD
GND
Out
B
C
B
CA
D
A
D
tf = 3
tr = 2