18 & 19 th Centuries THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. The British Empire’s economy had expanded across...
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Transcript of 18 & 19 th Centuries THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. The British Empire’s economy had expanded across...
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18 & 19th Centuries
The Industrial Revolution
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The British Empire’s economy had expanded across the Atlantic and around the world
Great Britain itself was blessed with favorable natural resources Coal Iron Waterways
Why It Began in Great britain?
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Jethro Tull, 1674-1741First modern farmer Invented the seed drill
Agricultural revolution1700-1800
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Seed Drill
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EnclosuresCrop Rotation System Improvement became the goal
Agricultural revolution
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Led to:More efficient food
productionCheaper foodMore disposable incomeLess workers needed in
rural areas
Agricultural revolution
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Constitutional MonarchyRelatively stableEconomic growth
Political Conditions
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No internal tariffsPatent Law encouraged
inventions
Legal conditions
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Effective central bank (1694)Well-developed credit
marketsPlenty of capitol
Financial conditions
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Cotton is king! 1760’s James Hargreaves
invents the Spinning Jenny 1760’s Richard Arkwright
invents the Water Frame 1779 Samuel Compton
invents the Spinning Mule
Technological advances
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1770’s : Arkwright also developed the Factory System One roof Central power source Division of labor
Technological advances
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Steam Power: 1698: Thomas Savery
invented a steam engine 1712: Thomas Newcomen
invented a steam engine 1765: James Watt greatly
improved Newcomen’s engine 1820’s: Railroads: George
Stephenson’s Rocket
Technological advances
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Major turning point in human history Led to sustained income and population growthLed to many socioeconomic changesWas responsible for the development of factories and
consequently, urbanization.Led to the rise of the middle classKnowledge and ideas spread from nation to nationLed to an increase in the living standards
Industrial revolution effects