1781-1789

Articles of Confederation

Structure

United States began as a confederation“A Firm League of Friendship” with a weak

national governmentEach state retained “its sovereignty, freedom

and independence.”Unicameral CongressOne vote per stateNo judiciary, No executive

States handled these functions

Powers of Congress

War and peaceAmbassadorsTreatiesBorrow moneySettle disputes between the states

State obligations

Obey CongressProvide $ and troopsFull faith and creditFair treatment of citizens

Privileges and immunities

Allow open trade and travelSubmit disputes to Congress

Challenges for the Government

Debt from the RevolutionWestward ExpansionAlliancesBritish presence in North America and

Spanish in present day CA and FL

Weaknesses?

The writers of the Articles of Confederation were reluctant to give new government powers they had just denied to Parliament.

No power to tax = no revenue (had to ASK states)

No power to regulate or promote interstate commerce

Lacked both executive and judicial authority9/13 to exercise power13/13 to amend the ArticlesState size not reflected in Congressional vote

Strengths

Peace Treaty with G. Britain Land and recognition

Cabinet precedent Foreign affairs, war and treasury

Northwest Ordinance Fair development of lands west of Appalachians and

new states Support for public education