17697 Steering Systems

5/27/2018 17697 Steering Systems

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copyright 2011 - eric jaromin

Steering systemsParts and function


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Steering systemcomponents Steering wheel, column and shaftdriver

inputs

Steering gearchanges directionrotating steering wheel into linear motion

Steering linkageconnects steering gearto steering arms

Ball jointsallows movement of steeringcomponents and suspension


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Steering


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Steering wheel Attaches to steering column and shaft by

1 or more fasteners, most single nut

Have an interference fit on the shaftvery tight fit, may need a puller

May contain an airbag assembly, radio

controls, cruise controls, etc


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Steering wheel


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Puller


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Steering column Contains and supports the steering shaft

May have a tilt mechanism

May have telescoping mechanism Also houses ignition switch

May be designed to collapse during front

impacthas plastic or soft metal rivetsthat are easily damaged or broken fromimproper use or removal


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Steering column


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Steering column


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Steering column coupler Steering column couplers allow pivot

points in the column

Like a universal joint

Loose or worn couplers will result in a

loose steering feel, vibration, noise, or

sticky steering feel


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Steering column coupler


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Impact If the vehicle is involved in a front impact,

always inspect the steering column and

wheel Squeaking, chirping or rubbing sounds

indicate damage

Catching, binding and play indicatedamage

Especially if the airbag deploys!


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Steering ratio Steering ratio is a measurement of how many turns of

the steering wheel it takes to go from a full lock to theother full lock

Basically how many turns from all the way left to all theway right

Also measured from the center (straight) to a full lockturn

Fast ratio is 3 turns lock to lock

Slow is about 4 or 5 times lock to lock

15:1 ratiowheels move 15deg for 1 deg of steeringwheel movement


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Variable ratio steering


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Steering gear systems Recirculating ball

Rack and pinion

Power assist

Electronic assist


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Steering


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Recirculating ball Recirculating ball is used on trucks in

modern vehicles

Used on most vehicles prior to 1980 andthe use of front wheel drive

Uses balls on a worm gear

Has a pitman arm


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Recirculating ball Balls inside the gear ride inside guide

paths

Move from one end of the ball nutthrough guides, back to the bottom of thehousing

Uses a Parallelogram Linkage steeringarm system

Pitman arm moves steering tie rods


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Recirculating ball


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Recirculating ball


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Rack and pinion steering Uses a rack and pinion gear

Pinion meshes with a gear on end of

steering shaft As gear rotates, pinion rotates and

moves rack left or right


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Rack and pinion


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Rack and pinion


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Steering linkage Steering linkage is anything connected to

the wheels and the steering gear

Tie rods Steering arms

Steering knuckles

Ball joints


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Steering linkage


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Tierods Tierods are attached to pivot points on

each front wheel

The other end is attached to the steeringgear or rack

Allows for suspension movement

Used to adjust TOE of the cartires facein / \ or out \ / when driving straight


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Tierods


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Tierods


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Steering arms Tierods attach to the front wheels at the

steering arms

The steering arm is attached to thesteering knuckle, which includes the

spindle

Used to get proper steering angle duringturns


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Steering arms


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Steering knuckle andspindle


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Steering knuckle andspindle


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Ball joints Allow suspension movement up and

down, as well as turning movement

Located in control armsin lower, aswell as upper control arm if so equipped

Wear itemsneed replacement

periodically


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Ball joints


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Ball joints


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Ball joints


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Steering designs Parallelogramused on cars with

recirculating ball gear steering

Rack and pinionused on cars with asteering rack and pinion gear


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Parallelogram Uses tierods connected to a center link

Uses a pitman arm to move steering

linkage Also uses an idler arm to support the

linkage on the passenger side


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Parallelogram steering


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Pitman arm


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Rack and pinion Fewer moving parts than the recirculating

ball

Smaller and more compact Can be a center link type as well


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Rack and pinion


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Rack and pinion


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Rack and pinion


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Power steering Used to aid in steering

Can be hydraulicuses a pump driven by the

engine, or an electric motor, to pump fluidthrough the power steering rack/box to aid

driver in turning the steering wheel

Can be electricuses electric motor mounted

on rack/box to help driver turn the steeringwheel


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Power steering


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Power steering


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Electronic power steering


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wheel steering Used by some manufacturers to aid

handling

Front wheels do most of the steering At low speeds, rear wheels steer

opposite front to tighten turning radius

At high speeds, rear wheels turn withfront to improve handling and cornering


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wheel steering Can be hydraulic or electric

Front steering is usually normal power

steering Rear wheel steering can be driven

hydraulically or by electric motor


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wheel steering 3000GT VR4 All Wheel Steering demo

YouTube
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c9dxEnYh3Yhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c9dxEnYh3Yhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c9dxEnYh3Yhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c9dxEnYh3Yhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c9dxEnYh3Yhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c9dxEnYh3Yhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c9dxEnYh3Yhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c9dxEnYh3Y

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