WAR IN KOREA AND VIETNAM

17.3

After WWII A Divided Korea

NORTH KOREA SOUTH KOREA

Japanese troops surrendered to the Soviet Union.The North is developed as a industrialized communist country.

Japanese troops surrendered to the U.S.The south is developed as a non-communist rural country.

Standoff at 38th Parallel

June 25th, 1950 North Korea under Kim I] Sung invades South Korea at the 38th parallel

Truman uses his policy of containment to send U.S. troops lead by General MacArthur to help secure South Korea.

The Soviet Union boycotts the UN Security Council meeting due to recognizing Chiang Kai-shek’s Taiwan over Mao’s China as “the China” that has a permanent seat to the UNs decision making.

Truman with General MacArthur (Wake Island 1950)

Standoff at the 38th Parallel

North Korean forces advance and now controls the majority of peninsula.

The UN forces push North Korean troops back across the 38th parallel (where they started).

China feels vulnerable, so sends 300,000 troops to aid Kim’s North Korean army.

Douglas MacArthur watches bombardment of Inchon

Surprise Attack

Americans vs. Chinese

The United States had more troops fighting for the UN (90%) than other members of the UN.

China’s troops outnumbered Kim’s troops, so the war became a war between China and the U.S.

The Chinese army takes Seoul, South Korea’s capital city; the UN army is outnumbered.

General MacArthur wants to use nuclear weapons.

UN troops launch white phosphorous on a Communist post in 1951.

Millions flee to Pusan and other cities to the south.

MacArthur wants Nukes

Douglas MacArthur felt the only way to end the war quickly was to use nuclear weapons, but Truman disagrees.

Truman fires MacArthur for going behind his back to Congress and the press, and replaces him with General Ridgeway.

The war ends when North Korea signs a ceasefire in 1953 during Eisenhower ‘s presidency.

Aftermath of Korean War

The war ended where it began at the 38th parallel.

Kim ran North Korea as a dictatorship; he began collective farms,

Developed industry, and created a military power.

North Korea does not want to unite with the south, yet it suffers from a lack of resources to feed its people.

5 million lives were lost.

After a series of dictators, South Korea adopted a democratic constitution in 1987.

A number of countries and the U.S. gave aid to the south boosting their economy.

South Korea has given food relief to North Korea – wants unification.

Containment in Vietnam

The U.S. sends troops to South Vietnam to protect the colony of France from the spread of communism.

Japan occupied Vietnam, but after WWII they had left.

The French army held their ground in the cities, but were weak in the countryside.

Ho Chi Minh (AKA Nguyan That) a nationalist wanted independence for Vietnam.

Ho Chi Minh asked help from the communists to overthrow the French armies.

The Vietminh had support from the peasants. More U.S. troops are sent to help the French.

Ho Chi Minh

Vietnam Divided

The French armies surrendered to Ho Chi Minh losing control of South Vietnam.

The Geneva International Peace conference met to discuss the future of Indochina.

Diem (supported by the U.S.) ruled as a dictator while Minh ruled more democratically redistributing the land to the peasants.

President Eisenhower expressed that the fall of one nation to communism might lead to the fall of others (domino theory).

North and South Vietnam were divided at the 17th parallel.

The Vietcong opposed Diem. The U.S. backed the assassination of Diem, yet the new leader was just as corrupt. Less support for U.S. involvement in war.

President Eisenhower

President Nixon during a 1972 news conference- that the war could be over

U.S. Involvement

In 1964 North American patrol boats attacked two American Destroyers.

The South Vietnamese government was very unpopular.

In the U.S. Americans protest the war.

Last U.S. forces left in 1973.

American planes began bombing North Vietnam, but its 185,000 troops were fighting a guerrilla war on unfamiliar terrain, yet war had not been declared.

Support grew for Ho Chi Minh.

Nixon began withdrawing troops replacing them with trained South Vietnamese army (Vietnamization).

In two years North Vietnam took control of South Vietnam, and later Saigon was renamed Ho Chi Minh City to honor Minh.

Cambodia

Cambodia was in chaos and very unstable due to the Vietnam War.

¼ of the population was massacred by Pol Pot.

The Vietnamese withdrew in 1989.

Khmer Rouge in 1975 set up a brutal government under the leadership of Pol Pot.

In 1978 the Vietnamese invaded and overthrew the government.

A democratic constitution was drawn, and Pol Pot was put on trail for war crimes in 1997.

Pol Pot

Vietnam After the War

In 1975 North Vietnam ruled with a strict government over the South.

1.5 million people fled communist Vietnam.

In 1994 the U.S. lift trade embargos that were set after the war.

Thousands were sent to reeducation camps.

200,000 (boat people) died at sea. 70,000 migrated to the U.S.

The U.S. and Vietnam are moving toward better relations.

U.S. Space Race

At the end of the Korean war and during the Vietnam war the U.S. and Soviet Union test their nuclear capabilities.

The destructive results of these test made people wonder why anyone would want this technology; knowledge obtained during this time outweighed its destructive properties.

Trinity, New Mexico &

Castle Bravo, Marshall Islands

From 1958-1969 the U.S. financed manned and unmanned space exploration.

AN AIR FORCE MILITARY IN SPACE??

ASTROSPIES PROGAM DROPPED

Orbiting platforms filled with high-powered cameras and radars were improving so fast that the Air Force decided there was no need to have men in space to tend to them.

17 MEN WHO MADE UP THE AIR FORCE'S MOL ASTRONAUT CORPS . THE MOL GUYS (MRS. JONES FATHER) WENT ALONG WITH RICHARD TRULY (PICTURED FAR RIGHT) TO DO SOME OF THE DESIGN WORK ON THE SPACE SHUTTLE.

“Magnificent Seven” (Astrospies)

A Titan IIIC lifts off to test a modified unmanned Gemini capsule as part of the

Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program. The Nov. 3, 1966, launch included a simulated

lab module.