171-13778-00 Bear Mountain V Environmental Best Practices ... · Bear Mountain February 2018...

ECOASIS DEVELOPMENTS LLP

BEAR MOUNTAIN -

ENVIRONMENTAL BEST PRACTICES

REGARDING GROUND AND

SURFACE WATER RESOURCES AND

ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP

CONSIDERATIONS FOR FUTURE

LAND USE

DATE: FEBRUARY 2018

WSP

760 ENTERPRISE CRESCENT

VICTORIA, BC, CANADA V8Z 6R4

TEL.: +1 250 475-1000

FAX: +1 250 475-2211

WSP.COM

ECOASIS Development LLP 171-13778-00 Bear Mountain February 2018 Environmental Best Practices Page i

1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 1

2 GROUNDWATER WELLS, SURFACE WATER BODIES AND GOLF IRRIGATION .................................. 1

2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 1

2.2 Osborn Pond baseline conditions ............................................. 4

2.3 Matson Lake and Millstream Creek .......................................... 7

2.4 Golf irrigation ..................................................................................... 8

2.5 Future Enhancement Opportunities ....................................... 9

2.6 District of Highlands Sustainability ......................................... 9

3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ............................... 11

3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................... 11

3.2 Recommended Monitoring ........................................................ 12

3.2.1 Groundwater ...................................................................................................................................... 12

3.2.2 Surface Water .................................................................................................................................... 12

3.2.3 Environmental Effects Monitoring ...................................................................................... 12

4 FUTURE REAL ESTATE / LAND USE .......................... 16

4.1 Riparian Setbacks To Date (Phase 1) ....................................... 16

4.2 Anticipated Future Development Beyond Phase 1 .......... 16

4.2.1 Site Wide Reviews .......................................................................................................................... 17

4.2.2 Site by Site Assessments ............................................................................................................ 18

5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ............ 23

6 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................... 24

FIGURES FIGURE 1: AQUATIC RESOURCES AT BEAR MOUNTAIN .......................................... 3 FIGURE 2: SCHEMATIC OF FLOWS AT OSBORN POND ........................................... 6 FIGURE 3: ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING STATIONS ................... 14 FIGURE 4: SURFACE WATER QUALITY SAMPLING LOCATIONS ....................... 15 FIGURE 5: RIPARIAN SETBACKS ASSOCIATED WITH PHASE I

DEVELOPMENT .......................................................................................... 19 FIGURE 6: BEAR MOUNTAIN LAND INVENTORY ...................................................... 20 FIGURE 7: STREAMSIDE PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT

AREAS (SPEAS) ........................................................................................... 21

ECOASIS Development LLP 171-13778-00 Bear Mountain February 2018 Environmental Best Practices Page ii

FIGURE 8: FISH HABITAT MANAGEMENT PLAN ......................................................... 22

APPENDICES

A MILLSTREAM CREEK SUMMER LOW FLOW CONDITIONS

B WELL VEGETATION CONDITIONS (OCT 2017)

C SURFACE WATER ONSITE SAMPLING PROTOCOL

D 2017 EEM REPORT (OCT. 2017)

E THURBER ENGINEERING OFFSITE GROUNDWATER MONITORING LOG

F LANDSCAPES UNLIMITED MEMO

ECOASIS Development LLP 171-13778-00 Bear Mountain February 2018 Environmental Best Practices Page 1

1 INTRODUCTION The Bear Mountain Golf Course and Resort commenced construction in 2002. The development encompasses 218 ha in the City of Langford and 197 ha in the District of Highlands. The development plan for the District of Highlands includes residential development and an 18-hole golf course referred to as the “Valley Course”. Construction of the Valley Course was completed in 2008. On the Valley Course during spring and winter months, water from upper Osborn Creek collects downstream in Osborn Pond. During summer months water is pumped from groundwater wells and stored in Osborn Pond or pumped upstream to storage ponds in the Mountain Course (Figure 1). This document’s objective is to assess the environmental implications of the golf course operation and residential development and associated infrastructure. Best management practices for the Bear Mountain lands, with respect to present Golf and Resort functions, as well as future anticipated residential and commercial real estate land uses, are presented. The environmental best practices outlined in this report will:

Consider the environmental implications of past and current groundwater (well) use and golf irrigation practices

Identify an updated environmental monitoring program for groundwater, surface water and environmental effects

Discuss environmental practices associated with Land Use

Review the Valley Course / Golf Environmental Management Plan

2 GROUNDWATER WELLS, SURFACE WATER BODIES AND GOLF IRRIGATION

2.1 INTRODUCTION Water resources present on the Bear Mountain property is comprised of a combination of natural waterbodies and watercourses, man-modified channels and ponds, as well as groundwater wells. All these interact with each other. Surface flows enter Osborn Pond via upper Osborn Creek; groundwater is pumped into and stored in Osborn Pond. Water stored in Osborn Pond is used for irrigation on the Valley Golf Course. Surplus flows overflow the Osborn Pond spillway into Osborn Creek and eventually into Millstream Creek. Matson Lake is located instream on Millstream Creek,


upstream of the Osborn Creek confluence. Water stored in Osborn pond also exits the pond and into groundwater and surface water resources as it is permeable.

OSBORNPOND

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UPHILL EXTENT OFFISH PRESENCE

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PHASE 1FORMER PLA`S2007 & 2015

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BEAR MOUNTAINKEY WATER BODIES & CREEKSNOVEMBER 2017*OTHER WATER BODIES & CREEKS NOT SHOWN WILL BEDEFINED AND ASSESSED ON A CASE BY CASE BASIS.

FIGURE 1


2.2 OSBORN POND BASELINE CONDITIONS Osborn Pond, constructed in 2007, was built in-line with Osborn Creek, a tributary of Millstream Creek. Osborn Pond discharges via a spillway into Osborn Creek; it confluences with Millstream Creek approximately 500 m downstream. Osborn Pond has an area of 3.5 ha and a storage capacity of 37,000 m3. A water licence (WL#122118) was registered on Osborn Pond in July 2006 with the primary purpose being the storage of irrigation water for the Bear Mountain Valley golf course. Water accumulates in winter months from upper Osborn Creek and run-off from the east side of Mt. Finlayson; the catchment area is 240 ha. From May to October water is pumped into Osborn Pond from groundwater well #411. Discharge volumes to Millstream Creek (via Osborn Creek) range from 0 (July, August and September) to 153 (January) litres/second. Bear Mountain golf course staff have worked closely with personnel from the Goldstream Hatchery in order to determine when the Osborn Pond spillway can be closed. This timing corresponds with downstream movement of fry. When Osborn Pond was constructed it was not equipped with a liner; neither clay nor synthetic, as such, the pond is semi-permeable. A portion of this water returns to the aquifer, some migrates downstream to surface water interfaces (Osborn or Millstream creeks) and some travels to the marine environment via deep groundwater (Figure 2). The water balance analysis prepared by Colquitz Engineering indicates that water passively leaving the pond to ground water and surface water is approximately 12 L/sec. There are environmental opportunities associated with water volumes from the pond’s permeable condition; this scenario supplies an opportunity for more surface water supplementation, as more water re-enters the surface water via the aquifer system. Benefiting ecosystems include Osborn Creek, Millstream Creek, adjacent wetlands as well as surrounding vegetation. Several site inspections have been conducted in the past four years in the immediate vicinity of wells, in particular Wells #s 404, 405 and 411. The vegetation present in these areas have been examined for any indication of plant stress due to a reduction in available water present in the soils. Throughout these inspections there have been no signs of plant death or stress due to well draw down. It is likely that any residual effects of draw down are further remediated by the permeable Osborn Pond. Currently, Osborn Pond is used for the release of coho salmonid juveniles in the fall of each year. As Osborn Pond was constructed to serve as an irrigation pond this does not make it suitable habitat for fish during the warm summer months. Shallow pond depths lead to significant increases in water temperature and corresponding reductions in dissolved oxygen, which can result in fish death. Goldstream Hatchery prefers to release juvenile salmonids into Osborn Pond as it provides easy access and due to several years of releases


in the same site an established routine has been coordinated with the Bear Mountain golf course.

Figure 3

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Well #411

Osborn Pond

Spillway

Osborn Creek

Millstream Creek

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ENKONPrepared by:

Environmental Ltd.

FIGURE 2BEAR MOUNTAINSCHEMATIC OF FLOWSAT OSBORN POND

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2.3 MATSON LAKE AND MILLSTREAM CREEK The mainstem of Millstream Creek is located along the eastern border of the Bear Mountain property. It flows south into Matson Lake and continues further south to drain into Hatcher Swamp. According to local information, Matson Lake was created by damming the outlet in the 1930’s. Water was stored for the purpose of potable water and the milling of timber. Prior to 2006 there was no record of a water licence. In 2006 the Ministry of Environment issued a notification that the current dam required upgrades or would need to be removed. At the time of the dam repair, a fish ladder was also installed to allow for the movement of anadromous salmonids. A Water Licence was issued pursuant to the Ministry of Environment’s approval process. Other aquatic resources on the property include a number of permanent and ephemeral drainages that flow into the Millstream Creek watershed. The Millstream Creek watershed has an area of 29.0 km2 and consists of seven lakes including Mary Lake, Third Lake, Second Lake, Mitchell Lake, Matson Lake, Florence Lake and Lake Ida Anne. There are also at least 15 ponds, many of which have been created by excavating wetland areas. The stream channels vary significantly and the system includes two small canyons, at least eight cascades and five waterfalls. The main stem has a total length of 13.3 km and flows south to discharge into the Pacific Ocean at Esquimalt Harbour. According to the BC Ministry of Fisheries’ Fish Wizard Database, the Millstream Creek watershed sustains eight species of fish including brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki), prickly sculpin (Cottus asper), pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) and threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). The Ministry of Environment’s stocking records indicate rainbow trout stocking in Millstream Creek and Second Lake. For the past few years Bear Mountain has voluntarily stocked Osborn Pond with juvenile coho salmon, a practice that is reviewed annually. Stocks originating from Goldstream River via the Goldstream Hatchery are placed in the pond in late November. These fish will typically overwinter in the pond and will move downstream into Millstream Creek in the late winter/early spring and then into the Pacific Ocean. Historically anadromous populations such as coho or sea-run cutthroat trout could not gain access to lower Millstream Creek due to a series of waterfall barriers in the extreme lower end of the system, but several fish ladders have been installed. A barrier also existed at the outlet of Matson Lake due to a dam, but a fish ladder was constructed by Bear Mountain in 2008. Hydrology records indicate that Millstream Creek is an extremely variable system with discharge values ranging from 2 litres/second in August to 1108 litres/sec in December. The mean annual discharge for Millstream Creek is 377 litres/second.


Summer low flow conditions in Millstream Creek are extreme, particularly in August and September. Typically, Millstream Creek, in the vicinity of the Bear Mountain Project, appears as a series of isolated pools connected by narrow and shallow flows (Appendix A, Photoplates 1 and 2). Fish populations are concentrated into these deep pools where water quality is poor, with elevated water temperature and inversely low dissolved oxygen. It is not certain what quantity of passive flow via the permeable pond reappears into surface waters downstream of Osborn Pond. Passive discharge of water from the pond into Millstream Creek during this time period is a significant improvement to water quality and fish habitat to a regionally important permanent fish bearing stream. Contributions of passive flows supplement extreme summer low flows in Millstream Creek with cold, oxygenated water which will be an improvement to water quality and fish habitat to a regionally important permanent fish bearing stream. In addition to these flows enhancing conditions in Millstream Creek, they are also likely improving conditions in a large treed swamp wetland located adjacent to Osborn Creek, downstream of the pond and the trees located in the adjacent riparian areas. This wetland was assessed as being of high ecological value, supporting a diverse array of wetland plants, invertebrates such as dragonflies and vertebrates including amphibians, birds as well as mammals.

2.4 GOLF IRRIGATION According to the Bear Mountain Groundwater Supply Assessment report prepared by Western Water Associates Ltd., there is no detriment to groundwater due to golf irrigation activities. Wells present on the property have high production and are located in a fractured zone of a regional bedrock aquifer. The aquifer is recharged by percolation over the aquifer during the wet season. The extent of drawdown due to operation of the Bear Mountain irrigation wells likely remains within the property limits. Both courses have been using groundwater since 2008 and there have been no indication of impacts to neighbouring wells to date. As well, monitoring indicates that water levels in the irrigation wells recover quickly following well pumping shut down. Observations in the Bear Mountain Golf Courses Golf Irrigation Water Balance Study prepared by Colquitz Engineering Ltd. indicate that the current aquifer-based irrigation supply appears to provide adequate volumes to meet the current demands; the wells and storage ponds are sized adequately for the golf course requirements. Despite the volume of water passively leaving the permeable pond, adequate volumes of water are being stored by way of continuous pumping. Secondary discharge from the pond benefits adjacent wetland habitats, particularly in late summer when conditions are extremely dry and hot. Pumped deep groundwater leaving the pond due to its permeable condition will also inevitably benefit surface flow conditions during this period of time by supplementing summer low flows and low oxygen saturation conditions. Supplementing well water volumes by using an alternate source such as CRD water is not advisable for several reasons. Firstly, CRD water contains chloramines which are toxic to fish. Secondly, the amount of power required to transport water from a distant reservoir is not sensible, particularly when on site pumping of clean and plentiful aquifer water is available.


A pond liner would limit leakage and therefore effectively increase the surface level of the pond, but preclude any introduction of secondary flows into surface waters. As well, the liner would be comprised of environmentally undesirable artificial materials. The addition of a liner would be a large capital expenditure with no environmental benefits. Since 2014Landscapes Unlimited have been providing expert advice on the management of turf at the Bear Mountain golf courses, have offered numerous highly effective strategies that will allow for a reduction in water requirements in the future (Appendix F). Landscapes Unlimited are an internationally leading consulting firm providing services in all aspects of golf course management to hundreds of golf courses world-wide. Several recent extremely dry summer seasons have demonstrated that despite decreased rainfall volumes, irrigation rates have not increased. Annual irrigation volumes have decreased from 61 million gallons in 2014 to 51.9 million gallons in 2017 despite the fact that regional annual precipitation volumes have decreased from 83.8 mm (2014) to 51.2 mm (2017). Trees located around the perimeter of the three active wells has been assessed for health on a yearly basis for the last 5 years. Trees were examined for signs of stress. The September 2017 visual inspection report of well perimeters is presented in Appendix B. Vegetation surrounding the wells is not showing any undue stress as a result of draw down; the static depth of the water table is already at 5 to 6 m, below the tree root zone. In addition, there is some potential benefits to vegetation in the immediate vicinity of Osborn Pond due to the permeable condition.

2.5 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT OPPORTUNITIES Currently, the Matson Lake fish ladder is not operational due to siltation and the accumulation of woody debris at the inlet. As well, the fish ladder is overgrown with vegetation including reed canarygrass which is an invasive species. Following a fish habitat review regarding the current conditions of the fish ladder and the following remediation works were proposed:

Installation of a groyne and a log boom to manage the silt and wood, Remove the existing worm-valve which controls the spillway opening, and replace it with

new stop logs and plate, and Remove the vegetation from the fish ladder step pools.

Once these repairs have been completed it will be possible to release flows during anadromous salmonid migration in the early fall. The repairs to the Matson Lake fish ladder will be completed under the existing Water Licence (#122188) and will be scheduled upon the completion of the District of Highlands MDA amendment process and would take place during the fisheries instream construction window.

2.6 DISTRICT OF HIGHLANDS SUSTAINABILITY In 2010, the District of Highlands embarked on a process to create an Integrated Community Sustainability Plan (ICSP) that Council approved in February 2012. The District of Highlands’ ICSP supports the fundamental values of sustainability for the community. It creates a monitoring system using indicators by which to measure the District’s progress of its own sustainability goals.


The District is committed to ensuring all elements of sustainability are taken into account in land use planning. The Highlands Sustainability Appraisal Form was created in order to inform Council, District staff, and the public about how a rezoning/OCP amendment application or other project is proposed to affect the District’s sustainability policies and desired directions.

The Highlands Sustainability Appraisal Form is based on the Five Capital Stocks model which are:

Natural capital - contains all the stocks provided by nature.

Manufactured capital - contains all stocks constructed by humans, both public and private, such as buildings and infrastructure.

Financial capital - contains monetary assets and liabilities.

Human capital - refers to skills of people.

Social capital - refers to relationships between people, organizations and institutions.

In order to determine the sustainability of the operation of Osborn Pond in its current condition with no works proposed to raise water levels or reduce the rate of leakage these five capital stocks were considered.

When considering natural capital, atmosphere, surface and ground water resources, terrestrial resources (including forests, riparian areas, sensitive ecosystems and wildlife habitat) natural hazards, arable lands and soils, and natural ambience are considered. With regards to atmosphere currently there is a requirement for additional hydro consumption due to additional pumping. There is a need for additional extraction of groundwater due to pond leaking but there is extensive recharge to surface flows which provides water to both aquatic and terrestrial flora and fauna. This additional water improves on summer low flow conditions in downstream fish bearing systems, and allows for enhanced conditions in adjacent wetlands which support a diverse array of plants and animals and are considered both sensitive ecosystems and high value wildlife habitat. Lining of the pond would eliminate this recharge of groundwater. Studies indicate that current ground water use is not impacting neighbouring wells to date and that water levels in the irrigation wells recover quickly following well pumping shut down. The maintenance and operation of the existing pond is minimal and has naturalized over the 7 years since its completion, having little impacts to natural ambience. The current conditions of Osborn Pond do not impact arable lands and soils. The use of CRD water is not considered a sustainable water management approach; transporting water from a distant reservoir is not sensible, particularly when on-site pumping of clean aquifer water is available.

Human capital considers the health and safety of residents, local business and jobs, workload of District council and staff, and local information and knowledge. As stated above there is no indication that current operations of the Osborn Pond have any effects on the quality or quantity of groundwater in adjacent residential lots. It also does not affect local jobs or District of Highland business. Present groundwater studies and analysis, both on and off-site, has provided a local understanding of the aquifer.

Social capital considers relationships between the District and residents, volunteers, staff and council, family cohesion, neighbourhood and community groups, and heritage and culture. No


aspects of Social Capital are affected by Osborn Pond or its current operational conditions although there have been some general concerns regarding groundwater extraction from the community.

Manufactured Capital considers buildings and structures, municipal assets, roads, public transit, trails and commercial and industrial. Bear Mountain undertakes a private yearly mechanical procedure to operate and maintain pump system. Additional energy usage is associated with extra pumping due to pond leakage.

Financial Capital considers operating and capital reserves, land assets and debt. As discussed above, there is a private mechanical replacement cost associated with the operation and maintenance of the pump system, but it does not affect capital reserves, land assets or debt. The addition of a synthetic liner would result in significant financial capital with limited resulting benefits.

Based on the District of Highlands Sustainability Appraisal process it was determined that maintaining the Osborn Pond in its current condition is a sustainable solution.

3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

3.1 INTRODUCTION As per the MDA requirements, Thurber Engineering has been sampling several drinking water wells located off site on a quarterly basis for drinking water criteria (Appendix E). Well testing has taken place for more than than 10 years and none of the data indicates irregularities or any occurrences that do not comply with drinking water regulations. On several occasions total coliform levels have been elevated but this is indicative of changes in the function of the septic treatment systems on these private residences. A total of 48 samples have been taken at each residence between 2005 and 2017. Off-site groundwater sampling of residential wells are located upslope and as such any issues of localized environmental hazards would not flow up-gradient. Continual quality testing of off-site groundwater resources is not providing any useful or relevant data.

Based on the flow patterns observed on the golf course the sampling of surface waters seems to be more effective in determining if there are water quality concerns because of fertilizer and pesticide use. The removal of off-site well testing is recommended. Instead, the addition of a surface water testing site on the reservoir is recommended. A new water quality monitoring program will focus on on-site surface and groundwater sampling; taken at more realistic intervals (for long term trend analysis).

Due to unproductive off-site monitoring Ecoasis developed a monitoring protocol on the property which includes both surface water and groundwater sampling, both on site and off site. Surface waters are sampled for nutrients (originating from fertilizers) as well as a site-specific array of chemicals that represent pesticide/herbicide use. Sampling takes place upstream of the site (baseline) as well as two downstream sites. Sampling currently takes place twice a year.


3.2 RECOMMENDED MONITORING Details on the previous and future proposed water quality sampling programs are presented in Appendix C; water sampling locations are presented in Figure 4.

3.2.1 GROUNDWATER

The recommended groundwater sampling program includes one sample location at Osborn pond (Figure 4). This sample site is located at the Well #411 pond inlet. Although water is being taken at the surface of the pond the timing of the sampling (late summer) precludes any introduction of surface flows into the sample site as all inlet channels are ephemeral and would by dry at that time. Details on the groundwater sampling matrix are presented in Table 1.

3.2.2 SURFACE WATER

Three sample locations have been established in the vicinity of the Valley Golf Course (Figure 4):

Site S-A – Located at Hole #1 pond outlet; sample taken at the weir

Site S-B – This sample site has recently been relocated. Prior to July 2017 samples were taken from the pond adjacent to the Hole #8 cart path bridge; samples are now being taken from Millstream Creek upstream of the old logging bridge upstream of Hatcher Swamp

Site S-OFF – This sample is taken upstream of Matson Lake at the northern property line. This sample site has been located here to establish baseline conditions as it is situated upstream of all components of the Valley Course.

The surface water sampling frequency and parameters are presented in Table 1. This sampling protocol has been developed to demonstrate surface water quality conditions in the vicinity of the golf course under standard operating conditions. In the event of a spill event a water quality sampling program specific to the occurrence will be implemented immediately.

3.2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING

Currently the Bear Mountain golf course is monitoring a number of environmental features in order to ensure that operations are not impacting aquatic and terrestrial resources.

An environmental effects monitoring program has been designed to meet the following objectives:

Complying with the conditions in permits, authorizations and approvals, which are related to environmental effects;

Confirming the effectiveness of approved mitigation measures; Verifying the accuracy of impact predictions made in the Environmental Impact

Assessment; Identifying any effects not predicted in the Environmental Impact Assessment.

Greenspace areas will be assessed twice annually for two years to establish the characteristics of baseline conditions. Once baseline conditions have been determined sampling frequency will be reduced to once every two years.


Polygons have been established in several riparian greenspace areas (Figure 3, Appendix D) and the following will be determined:

Biodiversity – Biodiversity plots will be established where an inventory of plants will be completed. The data will be compared to information collected for the baseline report.

Damage – The greenspace area will be examined for the occurrence of damage which may include removal or cutting of native vegetation, and damage to herbaceous areas due to unauthorized use.

To determine the effects of passive flows from the semi-permeable Osborn Pond on the receiving environment several photo-point monitoring locations have been established as well as several vegetation monitoring plots. These sites were established within or along the edge of the wetland adjacent to the Pond. Permanent vegetation monitoring stations are used to document species present as well as their relative dominance and would be useful to show changes in plant community characteristics. Plots are typically 10 m x 10 m. Plant inventories can take place once or twice a year. A recommended sampling schedule would be to complete a baseline inventory in late spring when the highest diversity of plants would be observed and then again in mid to late August when the highest occurrence of drought is observed. The field survey for the later summer of 2017 is presented in Appendix D and sampling locations are presented in Figure 3. Subsequent surveys should take place twice a year as described above.

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FIGURE 3 - ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING STATIONS

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Environmental Effects Monitoring Stations


4 FUTURE REAL ESTATE / LAND USE

4.1 RIPARIAN SETBACKS TO DATE (PHASE 1) During the development of the Phase 1 residential development a rigorous assessment of the aquatic resources present on site was undertaken. A riparian assessment was completed on upper Osborn Creek and its tributaries. A portion of the mainstem channel had been reconstructed (re-aligned) in such a way that there was no net loss of aquatic and associated riparian habitat. The new channel was determined to have a 10 m Streamside Protection and Enhancement Area (SPEA) where no permanent structures could be built. The tributaries were also determined to have 10 m SPEAs as determined by Riparian Areas Assessment (RAA) methodology (Figure 5). The stormwater pond, which was confirmed to be non fish-bearing, was treated like a ditch and therefore, had a 2 m SPEA. As the District of Highlands has a 30 m Riparian Setback Bylaw, it was necessary to get a Development Variance Permit (DVP). As part of the DVP process ENKON Environmental Ltd. lead site meetings for both council and the public so that the setback as determined by the RAA could be demonstrated and explained in the field. Riparian setbacks that currently exist in association with the Valley Golf Course were approved by Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Ministry of Environment in 2005 and are detailed in a habitat compensation plan titled “Proposed Fish Habitat Mitigation and Compensation Plan for the Bear Mountain Project” (April 2005). Future development phases will focus on protecting aquatic resources and will be aligned with future stream stewardship plans. It is anticipated that as the Phase 1 development moves forward the variances permitted on streamside setbacks will remain the same. Where necessary, Bear Mountain will re-survey the Riparian Areas Assessment to confirm the 10 m SPEAs on the watercourses and the 2 m setback on the stormwater pond.

4.2 ANTICIPATED FUTURE DEVELOPMENT BEYOND PHASE 1 As Bear Mountain proceeds with residential development it will continue to steward, protect and enhance Millstream Creek and its fisheries resources on Bear Mountain lands, as defined by the Riparian Areas Regulation. Figure 6 presents the Bear Mountain Land Inventory including previously zoned lands, other potential serviceable lands as well as zoned park areas and current golf course lands. Ecoasis wishes to move forward and prepare an updated land use plan that establishes the development objectives in the rural/non-urban areas as well as the urban zones. Based on site conditions that have been assessed to date, the SPEA for Millstream Creek would range from 15 to 30 m. In some situations, flexing or setback averaging may be proposed, where a reduction in the SPEA setback is suggested in exchange for an increase in another adjacent area; the end goal would be a no-net loss of riparian habitat. These proposals require the support of the municipal jurisdiction.


4.2.1 SITE WIDE REVIEWS

SITE WIDE RIPARIAN AREAS ASSESSMENT

Initial assessments of the watercourses on the site during the environmental overview assessment indicate that the remainder of the watercourses located on the site have bankfull widths ranging from 1 to 3 m and therefore the SPEAs would likely be 10 m measured from the high water mark (Figure 7). Wetlands would have a 15 m SPEA on the north, west and east sides and a 30 m SPEA on the south side. To confirm these assumptions and in order to develop a comprehensive Streamside Protections and Enhancement Area determination of all aquatic resources on the entire Bear Mountain property a site wide Riparian Areas Assessment will be conducted in the winter/spring of 2018. Once surveyed, Ecoasis will invite District of Highlands staff and council for any site walks as an extension of the process already completed for the Phase 1 subdivision.

FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PLAN

A fisheries management plan will be developed which will address where land development and watercourse and waterbodies interface. The strategic environmental management plan will be developed for each phase focussing on the conservation and management of high value aquatic and terrestrial features. Where possible land development will be located away from high value areas and an effective buffer zone will be established between the receiving environment and residential housing and infrastructure. All manners of the development will be considered including the conservation of significant trees, the management of sensitive ecosystems and high value wildlife habitat, the management of invasive plant species and the maintenance of stormwater infrastructure so that water quality continues to meet all B.C. Approved Water Quality Guidelines. With regards to the relative value of fisheries and aquatic resources on the site, the overview assessment and the habitat compensation assessment have determined that the high value areas are Matson Lake, Millstream Creek, Hatcher Swamp and Osborn Pond (Figure 8). The remainder of the site consists of smaller and ephemeral tributaries; the extent of fish distribution in these water features will need to be determined in the future. Bear Mountain has managed to date, to integrate a working golf course with aquatic resources on the site while still maintaining water quality and fisheries resources. Osborn Pond is the reservoir which stores water for golf course irrigation. As per the request of the Ministry of Environment a fish ladder was constructed at its outlet. Prior to the construction of the pond it is likely that the pond did not support fish presence or allow for the passage of fish into upper tributaries. Currently the pond acts as an occasional rearing habitat to juvenile coho salmon from December to April as hatchery stock are released into the pond from time to time in late November. The pond is typically free of fish in May at which time, the fish ladder is closed. It is important to recognize that Osborn Pond is a working irrigation pond with low water levels in summer and is only suitable fish habitat for a portion of the year. A fish ladder is also located at Matson Lake which will in the future allow for the passage of resident fish.


4.2.2 SITE BY SITE ASSESSMENTS

A detailed baseline inventory will be completed as well as a site specific impact assessment and best management practices on a site by site basis as land development proceeds. This will focus on the management of significant trees, sensitive ecosystems and high value wildlife habitat. As well, a comprehensive, site specific invasive species management plan will also be completed which will address the occurrences of Scotch broom and Himalayan blackberry on the site as part of each development phase.

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RIPARIAN AREAS ASSESSMENT BEAR MOUNTAIN HIGHLANDS

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5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

An environmental management plan was prepared by ENKON Environmental Ltd. in April 2014. This plan included:

Pesticide and Fertilizer Management Plan;

Equipment Maintenance, Fuelling and Chemical Storage Plan;

Sediment and Erosion Control Plan;

Spill Contingency Plan;

Solid Waste Management;

Water Conservation and Irrigation Management Plan;

Stormwater Management Plan;

Vegetation Management Plan;

Dam Maintenance Plan;

Wildlife Habitat Management Plan; and,

Environmental Management Plan

Concerns were identified by the District of Highlands in a letter from Laura Beckett, Municipal Planner (dated September 26, 2014) that a detailed environmental impact assessment has not been prepared. The Preliminary Environmental Assessment that was completed in 2004 by ENKON Environmental Ltd. provided an overview of the aquatic and terrestrial resources present on the Bear Mountain Property but did not provide a detailed impact assessment as it pertains to the residential component of the ongoing development. As residential development proceeds in phases each of these locations will be revisited. A detailed baseline inventory will be completed as well as a site specific impact assessment and best management practices. This will focus on the management of significant trees, sensitive ecosystems and high value wildlife habitat. Sensitive ecosystems present in this area are mostly limited to wetland and riparian ecosystems types.

As well, an updated riparian habitat balance will be prepared to assess the net loss of riparian and wetland habitat as stated in the MDA. Where required, Riparian Areas Assessments will be done in order to determine Streamside Protection and Enhancement Areas (SPEAs) on a phase by phase by basis.

A comprehensive, site specific invasive species management plan will also be completed which will address the occurrences of Scotch broom and Himalayan blackberry on the site as part of each development phase.

With regards to the fertilizer and pesticide management plan comprising 50% of the EMP, at the time that the report was issued to the District of Highlands no residential development had yet


occurred and as such, the golf course and its management was the primary development component on the property. A detailed pesticide and fertilizer management plan was the most important element of the EMP. As the residential development phases proceed the EMP will be updated to address issues that are associated with these development features. As part of the Master Development Agreement (MDA) pesticide and fertilizer practices are supposed to move toward a goal of organic maintenance methods. Recent consultation with Steve Merkel of Landscapes Unlimited stated that he has no knowledge of any golf course operating in North America that uses an organic fertilizers or pesticide program. Mr. Merkel has greater than 25 years experience in turf management including golf courses. He emphasized the importance of an integrated pest management plan (IPM) which was included in the Environmental Management Plan. For golf courses, an essential component of IPM is an emphasis on maintaining healthy turf, which minimizes the need for chemical control of weeds, insects, and diseases. Upon the completion of the Valley Golf course in 2005 ENKON Environmental met with the greens keeper to review the specific chemicals that were being used on the golf course. A full list of the chemicals being used were submitted to Maxxam Analytics laboratory to develop a site specific comprehensive water quality sampling program. Water samples were taken twice annually at several locations. All analyzed samples showed these chemicals were below detection. Surface water quality samples associated with the golf course have shown good water quality downstream of the discharge points. This demonstrates that management practices on the golf course are environmentally sustainable and, as such, it is recommended that a modification in the wording should be environmentally sustainable, rather than organic maintenance practices.

6 CONCLUSIONS The environmental best practices outlined in this report include the following:

Consider the environmental implications of past and current groundwater (well) use and golf irrigation practices;

Current golf course irrigation practices are not only environmental sound but are producing additional benefits by way of passive groundwater entering surface water systems. Recommend continued pumping of well water into the semi-permeable Osborn Pond.

The Osborn Pond water discharge returns back to Millstream Creek which is particularly important during summer low flow conditions when water quality becomes poor and fish populations are compromised, and provides water to adjacent wetland habitats that may also become stressed during periods of hot dry weather.

Vegetation surrounding the wells is not showing any undue stress as a result of draw down. In addition, there are some potential benefits to vegetation in the immediate vicinity of Osborn Pond due to its permeable condition.

Identify an updated environmental monitoring program for groundwater, surface water, and environmental effects


Original water quality monitoring protocols unproductive from an environmental perspective; a more holistic water quality monitoring program is recommended that will deal with any impacts associated with golf operations, both to ground water and surface water resources.

Locations and frequency of sampling are to be scientifically based for accurate and useful information that will provide early detection.

Continuing offsite ground water sampling is not producing useful feedback to the golf course water quality effects; the focus should be on surface monitoring and stewardship. Offsite well sampling should now be phased out and replaced with downstream surface and Osborn pond quality tests.

Base protocol on the proximity of sampling sites to areas where fertilizers and pesticides are used; and test for compounds prevalent in golf maintenance practices.

Introduce Environmental Effects Monitoring for additional trend-base analysis for key wetlands.

Discuss environmental practices associated with Real Estate / Land Use

Riparian setbacks that were determined for the Phase 1 residential development were based on the Riparian Areas Regulation methodology and were approved by District of Highlands. Where necessary, Bear Mountain will re-survey the Phase 1 Riparian Areas Assessment to confirm the 10 m SPEAs on the watercourses and the 2 m setback on the stormwater pond.

Bear Mountain is committed to completing a site wide Riparian Areas Assessment to determine the Streamside Protection and Enhancement Areas (SPEAs) that will be necessary adjacent to future real estate development beyond Phase 1. Initial assessments of the watercourses on the site indicate that the remainder of the watercourses located on the site have bankfull widths ranging from 1 to 3 m and therefore the SPEAs would likely be 10 m measured from the high water mark. Based on site conditions that have been assessed to date, the SPEA for Millstream Creek would range from 15 to 30 meters, subject to municipal review

Future land use planning will dovetail well with the proposed stewardship strategies that Bear Mountain will follow by protecting high value aquatic and terrestrial habitats as well as following a site specific and dynamic environmental management plan.

Review the Valley Course / Golf Environmental Management Plan

The Preliminary Environmental Assessment that was completed in 2004 by ENKON Environmental Ltd. provided an overview of the aquatic and terrestrial resources present on the Bear Mountain Property but did not provide a detailed impact assessment as it pertains to the residential component of the ongoing development.

As residential development proceeds in phases each of these locations will be revisited. A detailed baseline inventory will be completed as well as a site-specific impact assessment and best management practices. This will focus on the management of significant trees, sensitive ecosystems and high value wildlife habitat.


An updated riparian habitat balance will be prepared to assess the net loss of riparian and wetland habitat as stated in the MDA.

A comprehensive, site specific invasive species management plan will also be completed which will address the occurrences of Scotch broom and Himalayan blackberry on the site as part of each development phase.

With regards to the fertilizer and pesticide management plan comprising 50% of the EMP, at the time that the report was issued to the District of Highlands no residential development had yet occurred and as such, the golf course and its management was the primary development component on the property. A detailed pesticide and fertilizer management plan was the most important element of the EMP.

As the residential development phases proceed the EMP will be updated to address issues that are associated with these development features.

APPENDIX

A MILLSTREAM CREEK SUMMER LOW FLOW CONDITIONS

Plate 1: Millstream Creek during summer low flows, looking downstream (prior to Osborn Pond construction)

Plate 2: Millstream Creek during summer low flows, looking upstream

Plate 3: Lower Osborn Creek during summer low flows, looking upstream

APPENDIX

B WELL VEGETATION CONDITIONS (OCT 2017)

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Well #411

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Well # 405

Groundwater well

Vegetation Monitoring Locations at Groundwater Wells

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Bear Mountain Valley Golf Course ‐ Well Vegetation Inspection (October 13/17)

Well #405

Bear Mountain Valley Golf Course ‐ Well Vegetation Inspection (October 13/17)

Well #407

APPENDIX

C SURFACE WATER ONSITE SAMPLING PROTOCOL

2020 2023

29-Jun 14-Dec 04-Oct 21-Dec 05-May Nov Nov Nov

Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam

B555025 B5B1051 B687199 B6B3660 B734219

surface surface surface surface surface surface surface surface

TESTED PARAMETERS Units

Nitrite N (mg/L) <0.0050 0.0058 <0.0050 0.0074 <0.0050

Nitrate N (mg/L) 0.194 0.576 0.313 0.665 0.342

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) (mg/L) <6.0 <6.0 <5 <5 (1) <5

Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L) <10 n/a <20 <20 <20

Dissolved Chloride (Cl) (mg/L) 6.5 6.3 6.6 15 15

Total Amonia (N) (mg/L) 0.014 0.054 0.034 0.055 0.041

Nitrate plus Nitrite ( N) (mg/L) 0.194 0.582 0.313 0.672 0.342

Total Phosphorus (P) (mg/L) <0.0050 0.0064 0.0086 0.0079 0.0059

Physical PropertiespH (PH) 6.99 7 7.6 7.7 7.9

SAMPLE method

Surface Water Onsite Sampling Protocol

SAMPLING TIMES

BC Water Quality

Guidlines

CALCULTED PARAMETERS

NUTRIENTS

2015 2016 2017

SITE NAME

TEST LAB

Job Number #

S-AHole 1, Pond Outlet Water Sample Taken at Hole 1 Pond Weir, Mountain Golf Course

SITE LOCATION

BASELINE MONITORING INTERVAL MONITORING

ANIONS

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Table 1

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0.06

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32.8

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-

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-

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600

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12.0-27.2*

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* dependent on pH and temperature (range includes pH 6.5-7.5 and 4-20oC)

Susan.Blundell

Typewritten Text

-

Susan.Blundell

Typewritten Text

0.005-0.015

Susan.Blundell

Typewritten Text

6.5-9.0

2020 202329-Jun 14-Dec 04-Oct 21-Dec 05-May Nov Nov Nov


B555025 B5B1051 B687199 B6B3660 B734219



Nitrite N (mg/L) <0.0050 <0.0050 <0.0050 <0.0050 <0.0050

Nitrate N (mg/L) <0.020 0.677 <0.020 1.51 0.02


Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L) 17 n/a <20 <20 42

Dissolved Chloride (Cl) (mg/L) 8.8 7.2 24 20 20

Total Ammonia (N) (mg/L) 0.043 0.077 0.023 0.013 0.035

Nitrate plus Nitrite ( N) (mg/L) <0.020 0.677 <0.020 1.51 0.02

Total Phosphorus (P) (mg/L) 0.04 0.0173 0.016 0.0139 0.0288

pH (PH) 7.24 7.05 7.9 7.7 7.7


ANIONS


NUTRIENTS

Physical Properties

SITE NAME

BC Water Quality

Guidlines

Job Number #

SAMPLE method

TEST LAB

S-B

SAMPLING TIMES2015 2016 2017

Prior to July 2017, Pond adjacent to Hole #8 cart path bridge, Valley course

From Millstream Creek, upstream of old logging bridge prior to Hatchers Swamp

SITE LOCATION

BASELINE MONITORING INTERVAL MONITORING

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0.06

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32.8

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-

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-

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600

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12.0-27.2*

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-

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0.005-0.015

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6.5-9.0

2020 2023

29-Jun 14-Dec 04-Oct 21-Dec 05-May Nov Nov Nov


B555025 B5B1051 B687199 B6B3660 B734219



Nitrite N (mg/L) <0.0050 <0.0050 <0.0050 <0.0050 <0.0050

Nitrate N (mg/L) 0.02 0.234 0.02 0.278 0.103


Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L) 16 n/a <20 <20 54

Dissolved Chloride (Cl) (mg/L) 8 6.5 7.3 11 13

Total Ammonia (N) (mg/L) 0.026 0.056 0.032 0.017 0.037

Nitrate plus Nitrite ( N) (mg/L) 0.02 0.234 <0.020 0.278 0.103

Total Phosphorus (P) (mg/L) 0.0257 0.0059 0.0184 0.0061 0.0148

pH (PH) 7.11 6.75 7.5 7.4 7.5

2016 2017


BC Water Quality

Guidlines

NUTRIENTS

Physical Properties

TEST LAB

Job Number #

SAMPLE method

SITE NAME

Millstream Creek Water sample Taken at Bear Mountain North property line

BASELINE MONITORINGSITE LOCATION INTERVAL

MONITORING

ANIONS


S-OFF

SAMPLING TIMES2015

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0.06

Susan.Blundell

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32.8

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-

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-

Susan.Blundell

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600

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12.0-27.2

Susan.Blundell

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-

Susan.Blundell

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0.005-0.015

Susan.Blundell

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6.5-9.0

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2020 2023

29-Jun 21-Sep Nov Nov

Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam

B555025 B582806

surface surface GWIP S-A GWIP S-B GWIP S-OFF surface surface

TESTED PARAMETERS ANIONSNitrite N (mg/L) <0.0050 <0.0050 <0.0050 <0.0050 <0.0050

CALCULTED PARAMETERSNitrate N (mg/L) 0.147 <0.020 0.2 0.037 0.06

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) (mg/L) <6.0 <6.0 <5 7 <5

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (mg/L) <10 11 <20 34 <20

Dissolved Chloride (Cl) (mg/L) 7.6 8 5.3 7.7 6

NUTRIENTSTotal Ammonia (N) (mg/L) 0.0082 0.84 0.02 0.02 0.037

Nitrate plus Nitrite ( N) (mg/L) 0.147 <0.020 0.2 0.037 0.06

Total Phosphorus (P) (mg/L) <0.0050 0.01 <0.0050 0.103 0.021 0.005-0.015

Physical PropertiespH (PH) 7.26 8.2 7.5 7.7 7.4


BC Water Quality

Guidlines2016

08-Jun

Maxxam

B645250

INTERVAL MONITORING

Units

SITE LOCATION

S-GWWell # 411 Pond Inlet, indicative of 411 Ground water

BASELINE MONITORING

Job Number #

SAMPLE method

SITE NAME

SAMPLING TIMES2015

TEST LAB

Susan.Blundell

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0.06

Susan.Blundell

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32.8

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-

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-

Susan.Blundell

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600

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12.0-27.2*

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6.5-9.0

APPENDIX

D 2017 EEM REPORT (OCT. 2017)

Bear Mountain Valley Golf Course ‐ Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM)

In the environmental effects monitoring plots, all the vascular plants and major bryophytes and lichens were recorded. Their cover was estimated using the Braun-Blanquet scale. This scale is a reasonable compromise between the time necessary for sampling and the precision of the estimates.

• 1 = numerous, but less than 5 percent cover, or scattered, with cover up to 5 percent• + = few, with small cover

The permanent vegetation monitoring plots were 10 m by 10 m and marked with rebar and pink flag at all four corners. One corner pin was identified as the photo-point location and was located

Station # Feature1 461801 5370258 Osborn Creek

2 461968 5370215 Millstream Creek

3 461517 5370097 Osborn Wetland

with a GPS and orange flag; the orientation of the photo was recorded.

Table 1 ‐ EEM Station Locations

Location

The Braun-Blanquet scale is as follows:

• 5 = > 75 percent cover • 4 = 50-75 percent cover • 3 = 25-50 percent cover • 2 = 5-25 percent cover

EEM #1 ‐ Osborn Creek Riparian 13‐Oct‐17

Douglas‐fir 1

western redcedar 1

salal 5

English holly +

Western hemlock (seedling) +trailing blackberry 1

sword fern 2

broad‐leaved helleborine +

bracken +

pink wintergreen +

three‐leaved foamflower +

Oregon beaked moss 3

slender beaked moss 2

Photopoint Orientation ‐ 340o

Species and Abundance

EEM #2 ‐ Millstream Creek Riparian 13‐Oct‐17

red alder 1

western redcedar 1

salmonberry 1

grand fir (juvenile) +

western hemlock (juvenile) +English holly +

common snowberry +

trailing blackberry 3

lady fern 2

Cooley`s hedgenett;e 2

giant horsetail 1

skunk cabbage +

sword fern 2

cleavers +

herb‐Robert +

fringecup +

broad‐leaved helleborine +

three‐leaved foamflower 1

large‐leaved avens +

piggy‐back plant +



EEM #3 ‐ Osborn Wetland 13‐Oct‐17

hardhack

Pacific crabapple

Hooker`s willow

red‐osier dogwood

Pacific water parsleyslough sedge

American brooklime

Pacific ninebark

common water moss



APPENDIX

E THURBER ENGINEERING OFFSITE GROUNDWATER MONITORING LOG

SAMPLE ID (Well)

ADDRESS

Sampling Cost $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00

Nov 30 Jun 19 Sep 28 Feb 6 May 1 Jul 31 Aug 10 Oct 31 Mar 27 Jun 27 Oct 1 Jun 25 Oct 1 Jan 7 Jan 21 Jan 21 Apr 20 Oct 5 Jan 6 Apr 14 Jun 30 Sep 29 Jan 5 Apr 3 Jun 28 Sep 4 Dec 19 Apr 3 Jun 18 Sep 16 Jan 16

2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2013 2013 2013 2014

TEST LAB CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam

RESAMPLE X X X

SAMPLED BY TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL

SAMPLE SITE outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap inside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap

Oxidation Reduction Potential (mv)pH, Field

pH, Laboratory 7.4 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.5 7.6 7.5 7.8 7.3 7.3 7.1 7.3 7.3 6.8 7.1 6.9 6.9 7 7 7.7 7.8 8.0 7.6 8.0 7.9 7.7 7.8 8.1

Conductivity, Field

Conductivity, Laboratory 435 435 432 456 432 444 425 391 401 418 512 468 448 459 452 440 475 444 465 428 484 396 418 421 422 434 414 420 424 427

True Colour

Turbidity 52.3 35.1 37.8 66.6 16.7 35 31.5 45 37 40 37 38 550 23 1 30 31 10 121 30 37 24 36 25.0 23.0 12.0 29.0 9.0 26.0 3.0

Hardness (mg/L)

Hardness (Total) CaCO3 207 234 224 202 190 203 187 207 207 227 207 221 223 <1 231 217 213 222 207 205 198 216 212 216 224 202 210 208 217

Total Dissolved Solids 268 267 280 265 258 254 260 245 270 253 268 271 267 265 239 274 280 263 273 278 277 270 267 257 266 255 259 267 275 261

Total Alkalinity CaCO3 189 194 198 191 180 189 190 180 165 200 192 196 202 203 196 195 193 188 192 193 201 195 191 192 195 191 180 185 186 184

Bicarbonate Alkalinity HCO3 238 233 234 238 233 220 225 227 225

Carbonate Alkalinity CO3 < < < < < < < < <

Hydroxide Alkalinity OH < < < < < < < < <

Fluoride F (dissolved) 0.12 0.12 0.06 0.1 < 0.12 0.1 0.09 0.09 0.12 0.08 0.1 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.1 0.09 0.11 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.096 0.093 0.089 0.117 0.112 0.135 0.118 0.082

Chloride Cl (dissolved) 7.86 6.38 6.78 7.69 6.31 6.56 6.57 6.41 5.96 6.52 6.28 7.44 6.85 7 7.56 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.7 5.6 6.2 6.3 5.2 6.6 6.28 5.98 9.7 13.4 14.8 7.0

Nitrate and Nitrite N

Nitrate N (dissolved) 1 0.14 < < 0.05 0.11 0.09 <0.04 <0.04 0.07 0.19 0.05 <0.04 0.05 <0.04 0.08 0.07 0.08 < 0.21 0.1 < < < < 0.013 0.102 < < <

Nitrite N <0.002 0.003 < < < 0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0.004 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 < <0.002 < < < < < < < < < 0.079 < < <

Sulphate SO4 (dissolved) 26.7 25.3 24.8 28.2 23.1 25.4 25.5 25.7 25.3 26 26.2 27.5 27.4 26.4 25.8 29 30 24 23 24 24 25 22.3 24.6 29.6 28.6 23.8 27.1 25.9 27.6

Chemical Oxygen Demand

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen N

Total Phosphorous P

E. coli < < < < <1 < <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 < <1 < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Total Coliform (Confirmed) <1 < < < < 1 < <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 2 <1 < 1 < < 2 < < < 4 < < < < < <

Non-coliform bacteria <1 < < < < <1 < <1 <1 <1 <1

Fecal Coliform <1 <

Metals (mg/L)

Aluminum Al < 0.01 < <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.01 0.001 0.005 0.099 <0.005 0.008 < 0.004 0.004 0.009 < 0.008 < < < < < < < < <

Antimony Sb < < < <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.0002 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 < <0.0005 < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Arsenic As <0.001 < < < < <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.0002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 < <0.0001 < 0.0003 < < < < < < 0.00020 < < < 0.00014

Barium Ba 0.028 0.03 0.028 0.027 0.026 0.029 0.027 0.024 0.028 0.028 0.055 <0.026 <0.001 0.031 0.028 0.027 0.041 0.028 0.028 0.027 0.029 0.0277 0.0265 0.0286 0.0273 0.0268 0.0276 0.026

Beryllium Be < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <0.0001 < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Bismuth Bi < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <0.001 < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Boron B <0.05 < < < < <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.01 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 < <0.05 < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Cadmium Cd < < < <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.00004 <0.00005 <0.00005 <0.00005 <0.00005 0.00004 0.00002 < 0.00002 < < < < < 0.000019 < < < < <

Calcium Ca 77.5 87.4 84.4 83.6 75.1 71 75.8 69 77.2 77.2 84.5 76.6 82.8 83.5 <0.05 86.4 80.5 79.4 82.6 77.1 76.4 74.1 80.8 79.4 80.4 83.6 75.0 78.6 77.5 81.4

Chromium Cr < < < <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.0002 <0.001 0.094 <0.001 <0.001 < <0.001 < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Cobalt Co < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <0.0005 < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Copper Cu < 0.036 < 0.001 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 0.0002 <0.0005 0.0086 <0.0005 0.0011 < <0.0002 0.0005 0.0006 < 0.0003 0.0005 0.0005 0.00034 0.0165 0.00029 < < < 0.00254

Iron Fe 4.3 1.63 2.28 5.33 1.33 1.99 1.96 4.55 2.37 2.71 3.08 2.73 47 2.07 0.2 1.34 1.53 1.46 15.5 2.46 2.65 2.68 2.63 2.370 1.810 1.840 2.220 2.070 2.050 1.480

Lead Pb < < < <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0002 <0.00025 0.0005 <0.00025 <0.00025 < <0.0002 < < < < < < < 0.00206 < < < < <

Lithium Li 0.004 0.003 < < 0.003 0.002 0.004 0.003 0.0033 0.0033 0.004 0.0033 0.0011 < 0.005 < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Magnesium Mg 3.2 3.72 3.5 3.69 3.41 3.1 3.4 3.48 3.31 3.47 3.79 3.8 3.43 3.4 <0.025 3.68 3.8 3.57 3.79 3.51 3.51 3.25 3.43 3.42 3.68 3.66 3.52 3.28 3.41 3.33

Manganese Mn 0.35 0.39 0.36 0.38 0.35 0.34 0.35 0.31 0.36 0.36 0.352 0.347 0.381 0.343 0.0008 0.376 0.366 0.351 0.396 0.339 0.348 0.324 0.362 0.343 0.317 0.383 0.363 0.341 0.336 0.345

Mercury Hg < 0.00003 < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Molybdenum Mo < < < < < < < < < < 0.0006 < < < <0.001 < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Nickel Ni < < < < < < < < < < 0.015 < < < <0.001 < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Phosphorus PO4 < < < < < < < < < < < < 0.08

Potassium K 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.32 <0.05 0.32 0.32 0.29 0.31 0.29 0.29 0.263 0.294 0.290 0.294 0.302 0.292 0.293 0.292 0.270

Selenium Se < < < 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.0002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 < <0.001 < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Silicon SiO2 8.1 6.5 6.2 5.8 6.3 7.7 6.8 7 7.28 6.1 10.4 7.4 7 7.47 8.69 7.16 8.17 6.4 6.35 6.73 6.89 7.200 6.920 6.870 7.140 7.080 7.310 7.130

Silver Ag < < < <0.00025 <0.00025 <0.00025 <0.00025 <0.00025 <0.00005 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 < <0.00002 < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Sodium Na 3.79 4.53 4.28 4.57 4.2 3.98 4.2 4.43 4.14 4.3 4.21 4.64 4.36 4.66 113 4.41 4.49 4.12 4.58 4.36 4.08 4.16 4.3 4.12 4.46 4.67 4.41 4.34 4.20 4.39

Strontium Sr 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.188 0.175 0.174 0.17 < 0.183 0.179 0.172 0.2 0.182 0.178 0.175 0.18 0.177 0.185 0.195 0.174 0.179 0.182 0.184

Sulphur S 9.0 8.5 7.3 8.6 8.1 9.4

Tellurium Te < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Thallium Tl < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <0.00005 < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Thorium Th < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Tin Sn < 0.004 < < < < < < < < < < < < <0.005 < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Titanium Ti < < < < < < < < 0.0004 < 0.025 < 0.001 < <0.005 < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Uranium U < < < 0.02 <0.0005 < <0.0005 <0.0005 <0001 <0.00025 <0.00025 <0.00025 <0.00025 < <0.0001 < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Vanadium V < < < < < < < < 0.0003 < < < < < <0.005 < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Zinc Zn < < < 0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.007 <0.005 0.001 <0.005 0.008 <0.005 <0.005 < <0.005 < < < < < < < 0.0181 < < < < 0.0058

Zirconium Zr < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <0.0005 < < < < < < < < < < < < <

1783 Rowntree Rd

S1 W3

SAMPLE DATE

Sub total cost

$34,500.00

$750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00

Mar 18 Jun 25 Sep 18 Dec 17 Apr 17 Jun 29 Sep 21 Dec 21 May 5 Jun 16 Oct 26 Dec 28 Apr 6 Jul 7

2014 2014 2014 2014 2015 2015 2015 2015 2016 2016 2016 2016 2017 2017

Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam

TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL WWAL WWAL WWAL WWAL WWAL WWAL

outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap

6.5-8.5

7.7 7.8 7.8 7.5 7.88 7.97 7.9 7.6 7.5 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.8 7.7 8.20 8.30 6.5-8.5

429 424 433 473 474 479 484 511 514 508 495 525 530 527 521 537

≤15†

22.0 21.0 9.6 24.0 30.5 32.0 34.0 28.0 27.0 11.0 25.0 40.0 18.0 7.1 30.0 22.0

220 221 217 280 237 241 246 271 273 269 268 256 254 275 269 260

263 269 280 305 292 296 309 346 352 345 322 229 329 325 327 350 500†

189 186 191 188 179 198 181 198 199 186 191 189 193 195 213 212

231 227 233 230 218 241 221 241 242 227 232 231 236 238 260 259

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

0.120 0.105 0.076 0.119 0.081 0.079 0.079 0.088 0.094 0.082 0.087 0.069 0.087 0.088 0.081 0.085 1.56.47 6.42 6.26 6.78 6.5 8.3 6.32 5.8 5.7 5.8 6.3 7.6 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.7 ≤250†

< < < < < < < < < < <

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 10< < < < 0.0076 < < < < < < < < < < < 1

28.5 26.8 27.3 48.6 55.2 51.2 56.3 70.9 71.6 68.6 62.5 69.2 68.8 72.0 63.4 63.5 ≤500†

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <1

< 7 < < < < < < < < 1 1 < < < 1 <1

< < < 0.0034 < 0.0040 < < < 0.0035 < < 0.0740 < < 0.0037 0.2*< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 0.006**< < < 0.00074 0.00094 0.00074 0.00041 0.00066 0.00045 0.00028 0.00026 0.00069 0.00029 0.00018 0.00018 0.00017 0.01

0.0282 0.0286 0.0268 0.0359 0.0337 0.0328 0.0319 0.0315 0.0363 0.0356 0.0342 0.0374 0.0297 0.0368 0.0347 0.0374 1< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 5< < < < < < < < < < < < < < 0.000017 < 0.005

82.5 82.7 81.0 106 88.6 90.2 91.9 101 102 101 101 96 94.7 103 101 97

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 0.05< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

< < < 0.00272 0.00064 0.00084 < < < < < 0.00071 0.00439 < 0.00057 0.00055 1††

2.230 2.310 2.520 14.300 3.190 2.900 2.560 3.210 3.640 2.910 2.820 6.040 3.720 3.320 3.170 3.12 0.3†

< < < < < < < < < < < < 0.00067 < < < 0.01< < < < < < < < < < < < 0.0027 0.0033 0.0032 0.0033

3.43 3.63 3.63 3.85 3.78 3.81 3.94 4.24 4.67 4.17 4.01 3.88 4.20 4.17 4.18 4.37

0.333 0.369 0.371 0.410 0.409 0.414 0.434 0.425 0.456 0.419 0.416 0.395 0.403 0.433 0.447 0.41 0.05†

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 0.001< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

0.249 0.303 0.294 0.301 0.306 0.309 0.290 0.328 0.316 0.327 0.315 0.297 0.326 0.338 0.312 0.327

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 0.017.930 7.610 6.910 9.610 6.840 7.150 7.180 8.260 7.400 7.660 7.490 7.910 7.220 8.100 8.290 7.770

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

4.33 4.31 4.45 4.69 4.45 4.71 4.69 4.95 5.26 4.58 4.83 4.56 4.81 4.88 4.62 4.71 200***†

0.173 0.188 0.188 0.179 0.215 0.196 0.205 0.194 0.240 0.227 0.225 0.223 0.183 0.224 0.237 0.215

8.3 8.0 12.4 14.7 19.6 20.3 18.3 24.7 24.3 26.5 20.8 19.3 21.3 24.1 20.7 20.3

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 0.02< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

< < < 0.0101 < < < < < < < < 0.0091 < 0.0128 0.0052 5†

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Guidelines for

Canadian Drinking

Water Quality

S1 W3

1783 Rowntree Rd

Sep 2017

Jan-18

SAMPLE ID (Well)

ADDRESS

Sampling Cost$750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00

SAMPLE DATENov 30 2005

Jun 19 2006

Sep 28 2006

Feb 6 2007

Feb 27 2007

May 1 2007

Jul 31 2007

Aug 10 2007

Nov 1 2007

Mar 27 2008

Jun 25 2009

Oct 1 2009

Jan 7 2010

Apr 20 2010

Oct 7 2010

Jan 6 2011

Apr 14 2011

Jun 30 2011

Sep 29 2011

Jan 5 2012

Apr 3 2012

Jun 28 2012

Sep 4 2012

Dec 19 2012

Apr 3 2013

Jun 18 2013

Sep 16 2013

Jun 25 2014

Sep 18 2014

Dec 17 2014

Apr 17 2015

Jun 29 2015

Sep 21 2015

TEST LAB CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam

RESAMPLE X X

SAMPLED BY TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL

SAMPLE SITE outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap

Oxidation Reduction Potential (mv)pH, Field

pH, Laboratory 8 7.8 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.5 7.3 7.7 7.6 7.4 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.3 7.4 8.0 8.0 8.1 7.9 8.0 8.1 7.9 7.9 7.9 8.0 7.8 8.07 8.16 8.1

Conductivity, Field

Conductivity, Laboratory 332 339 327 346 356 347 330 331 393 349 351 347 345 347 354 345 363 311 336 333 320 329 336 330 324 332 326 331 336 330 327

True Colour

Turbidity 0.19 < 0.14 0.3 0.15 0.1 0.2 0.3 <0.1 0.1 0.15 0.1 <0.1 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 < 1.4 0.2 < 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.11 0.14 <

Hardness (mg/L)

Hardness (Total) CaCO3 153 180 182 163 159 156 169 156 159 163 194 165 170 162 172 155 159 163 160 164 161 166 173 153 162 162 167 167 154 164

Total Dissolved Solids 200 185 211 212 211 204 199 206 210 213 202 208 220 205 195 198 198 199 215 187 191 186 202 213 208 205 204 203 196 186 204

Total Alkalinity CaCO3 150 157 153 161 155 157 145 155 155 151 165 160 146 154 156 152 151 154 158 156 152 153 149 145 142 147 146 145 152 154 140

Bicarbonate Alkalinity HCO3 188 186 190 186 187 182 177 173 179 178 177 186 188 171

Carbonate Alkalinity CO3 < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Hydroxide Alkalinity OH < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Fluoride F (dissolved) <0.05 < < < < <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 <0.05 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.034 0.035 0.032 0.043 0.052 0.071 0.041 0.051 0.039 0.021 0.024 0.029 0.028 0.028

Chloride Cl (dissolved) 7.52 7.64 7.72 7.95 7.65 8.23 7.96 8.22 8.18 9.31 8.6 8.2 7.3 8.5 9.5 8.6 8.3 8.6 7.9 9.1 8.69 7.95 12.9 15.4 15.3 9.09 8.39 9.34 8.8 8.9 8.99

Nitrate and Nitrite N 0.106 0.050 0.088

Nitrate N (dissolved) 0.24 0.24 0.21 0.13 0.12 0.21 0.33 0.12 0.17 0.25 0.13 0.12 0.31 0.17 0.14 0.2 0.19 0.17 0.12 0.106 0.39 0.113 0.064 0.132 0.134 0.099 0.149 0.124 0.050 0.088 0.157

Nitrite N <0.002 0.002 < < < <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 < <0.002 < < < < < < < < < 0.036 < < < < < < < <

Sulphate SO4 (dissolved) 10.5 10.1 9.72 9.91 9.49 10.3 10.2 10.4 9.94 10.5 9.96 12 9.7 8.8 8.8 9.3 9.5 9.7 8.61 8.7 11.0 9.72 9.78 11.2 10.3 10.8 9.77 10.7 8.72 8.98 10.9

Chemical Oxygen Demand

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen N

Total Phosphorous P

E. coli < < < < < <1 < <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 < <1 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <1 <

Total Coliform (Confirmed)<1 < < 39 <1 < 1 < <1 <1 <1 2 <1 < <1 13 < < 2 < < 2 10 3 < < < 55 23 < < 110 1

Non-coliform bacteria >2000 13 77 160 250 240 200 170 21 >2000

Fecal Coliform <1 <

Metals (mg/L)

Aluminum Al 0.01 < < <0.005 <0.005 0.006 <0.001 0.008 0.01 0.003 0.012 < 0.003 < < < < < < 0.004 < < < < < < < 0.0041 <

Antimony Sb < < < <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.0002 <0.0005 <0.0005 < <0.0005 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Arsenic As <0.001 < < < < <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.0002 <0.001 <0.001 0.0001 0.0001 < 0.0001 0.001 0.001 0.0001 0.0001 < 0.00014 0.00025 0.00013 0.00016 0.00013 0.00013 < 0.00012 0.00012 0.00012 0.00011

Barium Ba < < < <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.0003 <0.001 <0.001 0.002 <001 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Beryllium Be < < < < < < < < < <0.0001 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Bismuth Bi < < < < < < < < < <0.001 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Boron B 0.4 0.48 0.51 0.46 0.37 0.4 0.37 0.45 0.38 0.35 0.43 0.495 0.346 0.46 0.464 0.395 0.324 0.404 0.467 0.385 0.363 0.402 0.405 0.380 0.357 0.430 0.325 0.423 0.441 0.378 0.387

Cadmium Cd < < < <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.00004 <0.00005 <0.00005 0.00005 <0.00001 0.00001 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Calcium Ca 50.6 58.9 55.7 59.2 52.9 51.8 50.5 54.3 51.3 50.7 53.5 63.8 53.7 54.9 52.4 56.4 50.6 52.1 53.8 52.6 53.6 52.5 53.7 57.4 49.7 52.9 52.7 55.2 54.3 50.1 53.5

Chromium Cr < < < <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.0002 <0.001 <0.001 < <0.001 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Cobalt Co < < < < < < < < < < <0.0005 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Copper Cu 0.008 0.003 0.002 0.004 0.003 0.004 0.0021 0.0033 0.0038 0.0041 0.0087 0.0027 < 0.0031 0.0034 0.003 0.004 0.00325 0.0351 0.0317 0.00798 0.00907 0.00377 0.00566 0.00371 0.0272 0.00186 0.00529 0.00174

Iron Fe <0.05 < < < 0.07 <0.05 0.06 0.12 <0.01 <0.05 0.08 < 0.018 < 0.029 < 0.031 < 0.009 < 0.0052 0.0200 0.0293 0.0145 < 0.014 0.025 0.059 < < <

Lead Pb < < < <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.0002 <0.00025 <0.00025 < 0.0007 < < < 0.0003 < < < 0.00126 0.00151 0.00045 0.00034 < 0.00034 0.00027 0.00092 < 0.00021 <

Lithium Li 0.001 < < < 0.001 < 0.0009 0.001 0.0007 < <0.005 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Magnesium Mg 6.42 7.87 7.32 8.18 7.54 7.15 7.3 8.03 6.79 7.88 7.04 8.45 7.55 8.03 7.66 7.53 7 7.11 7.05 7.03 7.40 7.38 7.68 7.10 6.95 7.35 7.37 7.08 7.57 7.03 7.47

Manganese Mn <0.001 < < < < <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.0002 <0.0005 <0.0005 < <0.001 < 0.001 < < < < < < < < < < < 0.0015 0.0013 < < <

Mercury Hg < <0.00002 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 0.000011 < <

Molybdenum Mo < < < < < < 0.0003 < < < <0.001 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Nickel Ni < < < < < < < < < < 0.007 < < < < < < < < 0.0016 < < < < < 0.0013 < < <

Phosphorus PO4 < < < < < < < < <

Potassium K 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.26 0.25 0.26 0.35 0.28 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.267 0.274 0.278 0.282 0.283 0.286 0.278 0.271 0.279 0.239 0.269 0.282 0.239 0.250

Selenium Se < < < 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.0002 <0.001 <0.001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0001 0.001 < 0.0001 < 0.00014 0.00013 0.00024 0.00015 0.00010 0.00016 0.00015 0.00013 0.00011 0.00010 < 0.00012

Silicon SiO2 10.1 7.6 7.5 7.5 8.8 9.3 8.55 7.6 7.6 8.97 8.67 8.46 8.03 8.27 7.93 8.420 8.01 8.630 8.690 8.150 8.640 9.370 8.610 8.630 8.270 9.120 8.470 8.240 8.930

Silver Ag < < < <0.00025 <0.00025 <0.00025 <0.00005 <0.0002 <0.0002 < <0.00002 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Sodium Na 4.18 5.4 5.07 5.52 5.06 4.93 4.94 5.37 4.76 5.29 4.91 5.51 4.77 5.07 5.11 5.12 4.54 4.91 4.76 4.82 5.06 5.13 5.30 5.01 4.83 4.95 5.16 5.03 5.07 4.90 5.06

Strontium Sr 0.087 0.094 0.094 0.086 0.078 0.093 0.099 0.091 0.086 0.1 0.099 0.102 0.104 0.101 0.093 0.096 0.099 0.0945 0.0983 0.100 0.0956 0.0974 0.0951 0.0988 0.0979 0.0907 0.101 0.0900 0.0957

Sulphur S 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.7 3.4 3.4 5.0 3.9 < < 3.1

Tellurium Te < < < < < < < < <

Thallium Tl < < < < < < < < < < <0.00005 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Thorium Th < < < < < < < < <

Tin Sn < < < < < < < < < < <0.005 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Titanium Ti < < < < < < 0.0004 < < < <0.005 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Uranium U < < < <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0001 <0.00025 <0.00025 < <0.0001 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Vanadium V 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.0028 0.0023 0.0023 < <0.005 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Zinc Zn < < < <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 0.006 <0.007 < < < < < < < 0.017 0.0136 0.0070 0.0059 < 0.0096 0.0061 0.0282 < 0.0052 <

Zirconium Zr < < < < < < < < < < <0.0005 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

S7 W17

836 Finlayson Arm Road

Sub total cost

$31,500.00

$750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00

Dec 21 2015

May 5 2016

Jun 16 2016

Oct 26 2016

Dec 28 2016

Apr 6 2017

Jul 7 2017

Sep 2017

Jan 2018

Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam

TEL TEL TEL WWAL WWAL WWAL WWAL WWAL WWAL

outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap

6.5-8.57.9 7.8 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.0 7.8 8.31 8.41 6.5-8.5

338 330 334 313 333 343 340 328 338

≤15†

0.8 < 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 < 0.3

174 169 167 163 165 171 177 159 163

209 214 215 182 179 192 200 198 206 500†

158 162 146 142 149 153 154 159 163

193 198 178 174 182 187 187 194 191

< < < < < < < < 3.6

< < < < < < < < <

0.033 0.033 0.035 0.038 0.032 0.038 0.035 0.035 0.035 1.58.5 8.2 8.8 7.3 8.9 8.6 8.0 7.3 8.1 ≤250†

0.081 0.063 0.074 0.149 0.063 0.036 0.047 0.112 0.045

0.081 0.063 0.074 0.149 0.063 0.036 0.047 0.112 0.045 10< < < < < < < < < 1

8.91 8.97 9.45 11.4 9.89 8.80 8.60 9.9 8.9 ≤500†

< < < < < < < < 0 <1

1 < 3 2 < < < 250 2.0 <1

< < 0.0043 < < < < < < 0.2*< < < < < < < < < 0.006**

0.00013 0.00012 0.00012 0.00012 0.00012 0.00011 < 0.00011 < 0.01< < < < < < < < < 1< < < < < < < < <

< < < < < < < < <

0.454 0.418 0.439 0.329 0.459 0.529 0.474 0.364 0.407 5< < < < < < < < < 0.005

58.2 55.5 54.1 53.9 54.3 55.6 58.5 52.2 53.7

< < < < < < < < < 0.05< < < < < < < < <

0.00185 0.00318 0.00460 0.00326 0.00490 0.00246 0.00323 0.00241 0.00394 1††

< < < 0.012 < < 0.014 < 0.036 0.3†

< < 0.00021 < 0.00023 < 0.00020 < 0.00022 0.01< < < < < < < < <

7.08 7.28 7.68 7.01 7.12 7.82 7.48 7.00 7.14

< < < < < < < < < 0.05†

< < < < < < < < < 0.001< < < < < < < < <

< < < < < < < < <

0.286 0.271 0.285 0.272 0.263 0.275 0.297 0.263 0.274

0.00012 < 0.00011 0.00013 0.00012 < 0.00011 0.00014 < 0.019.950 8.770 9.340 9.160 8.900 8.920 9.570 9.770 9.070

< < < < < < < < <

4.92 5.07 5.19 4.88 4.85 5.53 4.91 4.73 4.87 200***†

0.100 0.0949 0.109 0.0946 0.106 0.0994 0.100 0.0976 0.0927

3.6 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.5 < 3.2 < <

< < < < < < < < <

< < < < < < < < <

< < < < < < < < <

< < < < < < < < < 0.02< < < < < < < < <

< < 0.0058 < 0.0065 < 0.0087 < 0.0075 5†

< < < < < < < < <

Guidelines for

Canadian Drinking

Water Quality

SAMPLE ID (Well)

ADDRESS

Sampling Cost $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00

SAMPLE DATENov 30 2005

Jun 19 2006

Aug 4 2006

Aug 22 2006

Sep 28 2006

Feb 1 2007

May 1 2007

Jul 31 2007

Oct 31 2007

Mar 19 2008

Jun 27 2008

Oct 1 2008

Jun 25 2009

Oct 1 2009

Jan 7 2010

Apr 20 2010

Oct 5 2010

Jan 6 2011

Apr 14 2011

Jun 30 2011

Sep 29 2011

Jan 5 2012

Apr 3 2012

Jun 28 2012

Sep 4 2012

Dec 19 2012

Apr 3 2013

Jun 18 2013

Sep 16 2013

Jan 16 2014

Mar 18 2014

RESAMPLE X

TEST LAB CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest CanTest Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam

SAMPLED BYTEL TEL Pump test TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL

SAMPLE SITEoutside tap outside tap well outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap

Oxidation Reduction Potential pH, FieldpH, Laboratory 8 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.9 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.5 7.6 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.0

Conductivity, FieldConductivity, Laboratory 286 288 287 278 265 296 312 289 283 260 267 336 300 311 318 333 318 342 314 355 295 303 306 298 314 318 301 294 305 317

True ColourTurbidity 0.23 < 18.5 0.23 < < 0.13 <0.1 0.18 0.1 0.35 0.4 0.2 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 < < 0.5 0.3 0.2 <

Hardness (mg/L)Hardness (Total) CaCO3 141 132 134 136 130 125 128 130 122 134 129 134 139 153 136 149 151 147 140 135 147 142 145 161 153 144 133 141 151

Total Dissolved Solids 172 163 164 175 141 163 163 176 174 150 155 176 176 167 184 191 170 211 181 191 192 192 169 178 189 181 190 189 180 201

Total Alkalinity CaCO3 129 130 129 127 129 127 125 130 142 174 121 131 128 138 143 133 136 140 132 138 141 136 136 136 138 134 127 124 128 135

Bicarbonate Alkalinity HCO3 172 166 166 166 168 164 155 151 156 164

Carbonate Alkalinity CO3 < < < < < < < < < <

Hydroxide Alkalinity OH < < < < < < < < < <

Fluoride F (dissolved) 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.08 < < <0.05 0.06 0.06 <0.05 0.08 <0.05 0.06 <0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.048 0.053 0.047 0.048 0.094 0.110 < 0.083 0.045 0.044

Chloride Cl (dissolved) 6.97 6.87 7.04 6.98 6.58 6.57 7.03 6.94 7.18 6.59 6.62 7.39 8.11 8.32 8.3 7.8 9 9 9.3 9.6 10 8.7 10 10.5 9.95 12.4 16.2 16.3 10 11.1

Nitrate and Nitrite N <

Nitrate N (dissolved) >0.04 0.08 < < 0.057 < 0.05 0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 0.04 <0.04 < <0.04 < 0.06 0.09 < < 0.06 < < 0.019 < < < < <

Nitrite N <0.002 0.003 < < 0.002 < <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 < <0.002 < < < < < < < < < < < < < 0.015

Sulphate SO4 (dissolved) 10.4 10.3 10.6 6.93 10.2 9.59 10.4 10.4 10.4 9.57 9.16 9.87 10 11.2 13 12 11 13 10 9.4 11.3 10 10.6 13.0 12.2 12.8 12.9 11.2 12.4 13.6

Chemical Oxygen DemandTotal Kjeldahl Nitrogen NTotal Phosphorous P

E. coli < < < < < < <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 < <1 < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Total Coliform (Confirmed) <1 < 16 < < < < <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 < <1 < < < < < < < < 3 < < < < <

Non-coliform bacteria <1 < 17 1 19 < <1 <1 <1 <1 1

Fecal Coliform <1 <

Metals (mg/L)Aluminum Al < 0.012 < <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.01 <0.001 0.01 0.008 0.003 <0.003 < 0.004 < < < < < < < < < < < <

Antimony Sb < < < <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.0002 <0.0005 <0.0005 < <0.0005 < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Arsenic As <0.001 < < < < < <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.0002 <0.001 <0.001 < <0.0001 < < < < < < < < 0.00012 < < < 0.00012 <

Barium Ba < < < 1 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.0002 <0.001 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Beryllium Be < < < < < < < < < < < < <0.0001 < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Bismuth Bi < < < < < < < < < < < < <0.001 < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Boron B 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.079 0.054 < 0.077 0.075 0.069 0.075 0.073 0.075 0.070 0.077 0.073 0.072 0.067 0.069 0.069

Cadmium Cd < 0.0005 < <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.00004 <0.00005 <0.00005 0.00001 <0.00001 < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Calcium Ca 42 38.9 39.8 41.5 38.7 37.8 36.5 37.1 37 35.7 39.2 38 37.8 40.9 45.2 39.8 42 43.6 42.5 41.1 39.2 43.2 41.6 42.0 46.4 44.2 42.5 39.1 40.2 44.7

Chromium Cr < < < <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.0002 <0.001 <0.001 < <0.001 < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Cobalt Co < < < < < < < < < < < < <0.005 < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Copper Cu < 0.007 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.001 0.002 0.0005 <0.0005 0.0005 0.0008 0.0016 0.001 0.0009 0.0005 0.0006 0.0009 0.0003 0.00052 0.00814 0.00096 0.00055 0.00108 0.00136 0.00772 0.00215

Iron Fe <0.05 < 0.23 0.08 0.08 0.07 <0.05 0.06 <0.05 0.07 0.09 0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.032 0.05 0.028 0.038 0.049 0.065 0.045 0.084 0.0611 0.0573 0.0326 0.0245 0.0806 0.0625 0.0521 0.036

Lead Pb < < < <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.0002 <0.00025 <0.00025 < <0.002 < < < 0.0002 < < < 0.00050 < < < 0.00022 0.00051 <

Lithium Li 0.001 < < < < < 0.002 < 0.0008 0.0008 0.0011 < <0.005 < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Magnesium Mg 8.76 8.46 8.27 8.9 9.61 8.64 8.31 8.53 9.12 8.07 8.88 8.28 9.62 8.83 9.81 8.97 10.7 10.1 9.95 9.14 9.03 9.42 9.15 9.78 10.9 10.2 9.22 8.53 9.8 9.60

Manganese Mn 0.01 0.01 0.015 0.011 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.009 0.01 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.001 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.0121 0.0130 0.0136 0.0120 0.0116 0.0109 0.0165 0.0126

Mercury Hg < <0.00002 < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Molybdenum Mo < 0.0027 < < < < < < 0.0003 < < < <0.001 < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Nickel Ni < < < < < < < < < < < < <0.001 < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Phosphorus PO4 < < < < < < < < < < <

Potassium K 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.19 0.23 0.27 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.198 0.226 0.217 0.223 0.246 0.224 0.214 0.208 0.218 0.197

Selenium Se < < < 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.0002 <0.001 <0.001 < <0.0001 < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Silicon SiO2 9.8 8.9 7.4 7.1 8.2 8.8 7.9 8.4 8.48 7.4 7.4 9.16 7.84 7.59 8.13 7.75 7.76 7.52 8.03 8.400 8.280 8.490 8.730 8.750 8.940 8.120 8.930

Silver Ag < < < <0.00025 <0.00025 <0.00025 <0.0025 <0.00025 <0.00005 <0.0002 <0.0002 < <0.00002 < < < < < < < < < < < < 0.00002 <

Sodium Na 5.65 5.8 5.75 6.11 6.41 5.79 5.68 5.77 6.15 5.82 6.2 5.87 6.49 6.09 6.04 5.92 6.32 6.26 6.24 5.65 5.84 6.03 5.92 6.45 6.84 6.44 6.17 5.78 6.31 6.15

Strontium Sr 0.22 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.24 0.238 0.238 0.231 0.258 0.259 0.262 0.269 0.271 0.248 0.245 0.253 0.253 0.268 0.290 0.264 0.254 0.245 0.262 0.269

Sulphur S < 4.5 4.2 3.7 4.7 4.1

Tellurium Te < < < < < < < < < < <

Thallium Tl < < < < < < < < < < < < <0.0005 < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Thorium Th < < < < < < < < < < <

Tin Sn < < < < < < < < < < < < <0.005 < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Titanium Ti < < < < < < < < 0.0003 < < < <0.005 < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Uranium U < < < <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0005 <0.0001 <0.00025 <0.00025 < <0.0001 < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Vanadium V < < < < < < < < 0.0003 < < < <0.005 < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

Zinc Zn 0.08 0.1 0.1 0.052 0.095 0.14 0.078 0.14 0.053 0.006 0.053 0.083 0.075 0.09 0.086 0.065 0.052 0.06 0.073 0.0721 0.0460 0.100 0.0904 0.0965 0.0920 0.0767 0.105

Zirconium Zr < < < < < < < < < < < < <0.0005 < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

S13 W24

787 Finlayson Arm Road

5 of 6

SAMPLE ID (Well)

ADDRESS

Sampling Cost

SAMPLE DATE

RESAMPLETEST LABSAMPLED BY

SAMPLE SITE

Oxidation Reduction Potential pH, FieldpH, Laboratory

Conductivity, FieldConductivity, LaboratoryTrue ColourTurbidityHardness (mg/L)Hardness (Total) CaCO3

Total Dissolved SolidsTotal Alkalinity CaCO3

Bicarbonate Alkalinity HCO3

Carbonate Alkalinity CO3

Hydroxide Alkalinity OHFluoride F (dissolved)Chloride Cl (dissolved)Nitrate and Nitrite NNitrate N (dissolved)Nitrite NSulphate SO4 (dissolved)

Chemical Oxygen DemandTotal Kjeldahl Nitrogen NTotal Phosphorous P

E. coli

Total Coliform (Confirmed)

Non-coliform bacteriaFecal ColiformMetals (mg/L)Aluminum AlAntimony Sb Arsenic AsBarium BaBeryllium BeBismuth BiBoron BCadmium CdCalcium CaChromium CrCobalt CoCopper CuIron FeLead PbLithium LiMagnesium MgManganese MnMercury HgMolybdenum MoNickel NiPhosphorus PO4

Potassium KSelenium SeSilicon SiO2

Silver AgSodium NaStrontium SrSulphur STellurium TeThallium TlThorium ThTin SnTitanium TiUranium UVanadium V Zinc ZnZirconium Zr

Sub total cost

$34,500.00

$750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00 $750.00

Jun 25 2014

Sep 18 2014

Dec 17 2014

Apr 17 2015

Jun 29 2015

Sep 21 2015

Dec 21 2015

May 5 2016

Jun 16 2016

Oct 26 2016

Dec 28 2016

Apr 6 2017

Jul 7 2017

Sep 2017

Jan 2017

Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam Maxxam

TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL TEL WWAL WWAL WWAL WWAL WWAL WWAL

outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap outside tap

6.5-8.5

8.1 8.1 8.0 8.08 8.22 8.2 8.0 8.0 7.9 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.8 8.30 8.39 6.5-8.5

307 310 317 314 308 312 317 311 310 305 312 322 312 310 322

≤15†

0.7 0.4 0.2 < 0.13 0.3 0.5 < 0.1 0.4 < 0.1 0.2 0.3 <

148 149 160 147 142 153 154 158 144 152 150 155 158 141 140

197 199 189 172 184 185 197 207 196 183 171 180 183 188 176 500†

130 134 134 132 140 129 142 143 132 131 138 135 133 143 145

159 164 163 161 170 158 173 175 161 160 169 165 162 174 170

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < 3.0

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

0.043 0.049 0.036 0.044 0.040 0.033 0.049 0.051 0.049 0.052 0.040 0.054 0.048 0.046 0.050 1.5

10.6 10.2 11.6 10 10 11.0 10 10 10 9.8 10 9.9 10 9.1 9.6 ≤250†

< < < < < < < < < < <

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 10

0.016 < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 1

13.2 12.3 14.1 11.7 11.5 13.1 11.8 12.5 12.3 11.9 12.1 11.9 11.9 11.2 12.2 ≤500†

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <1

< < < < < < < < < < < < 2.0 < < <1

< < < < 0.0037 < < < 0.0041 < < < < < < 0.2*

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 0.006**

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 0.01

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 1

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

0.077 0.072 0.074 0.069 0.065 0.076 0.077 0.062 0.080 0.074 0.064 0.077 0.072 0.070 0.069 5

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 0.005

43.0 43.0 47.2 42.5 41.4 44.9 45.2 46.0 42.0 44.9 44.0 45.3 47.3 40.8 41.1

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 0.05

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

0.00098 0.00215 0.0168 0.00351 0.00138 0.00138 0.00125 0.00113 0.00269 0.00129 0.00170 0.00103 0.00127 0.00104 0.00101 1††

0.045 0.065 0.076 0.022 0.045 0.067 0.028 0.043 0.049 0.056 0.039 0.033 0.055 0.055 0.028 0.3†

< < 0.00060 < < < < < < < 0.00024 < < < < 0.01

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

9.82 10.0 10.2 9.85 9.51 9.88 10.0 10.4 9.44 9.60 9.63 10.2 9.65 9.52 9.11

0.0118 0.012 0.0120 0.0104 0.0118 0.011 0.0110 0.0115 0.0109 0.0117 0.0117 0.0109 0.0121 0.0117 0.0107 0.05†

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 0.001

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

0.227 0.227 0.200 0.219 0.185 0.202 0.233 0.230 0.214 0.221 0.216 0.231 0.245 0.211 0.208

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 0.01

8.810 8.040 8.820 7.970 8.230 8.700 9.300 9.010 8.620 9.030 8.530 8.740 9.500 9.530 8.630

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

6.27 6.79 6.52 5.85 6.22 6.12 6.35 6.46 5.85 6.18 6.03 6.35 6.30 5.99 5.78 200***†

0.266 0.260 0.264 0.268 0.253 0.267 0.276 0.285 0.261 0.267 0.281 0.269 0.266 0.264 0.235

4.6 6.1 4.7 3.6 < 3.8 4.9 4.1 4.5 3.9 3.9 4.3 4.5 3.7 3.6

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < < 0.02

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

0.0582 0.0815 0.0936 0.111 0.0344 0.0837 0.0915 0.0740 0.0974 0.0942 0.108 0.0908 0.0660 0.0595 0.0865 5†

< < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

British Columbia

Quality Guidelines for

Drinking Water

6 of 6

APPENDIX

F LANDSCAPES UNLIMITED MEMO

Industry Leader Since 1976 | Global Capabilities | Traditional & Design-Build Delivery Method | Awarding Winning Projects

PROVIDING CUSTOMIZED SOLUTIONS FOR THE GOLF & RECREATION INDUSTRY

Golf Construction | Golf Renovation | Sports & Recreation | Golf Management | Irrigation & Infrastructure

BEAR MOUNTAIN GOLF OPERATION – BEST INDUSTRY PRACTICES FOR WATER MANAGEMENT

Background Landscapes Unlimited, LLC engaged in an agronomic operations advisory role with The Westin Bear Mountain Golf Resort and Spa in January 2014. The primary purposes of the engagement are to improve the health of the turfgrass and golf course playability, support the grounds maintenance team with project management, and enhance the environmental responsibility of the maintenance department. Landscapes Unlimited, LLC performs golf course construction, renovation, and management services around the world. The 41 year old company has completed over 1700 golf course construction and renovation projects and has over 40 golf course management clients. Recommendation Growing medium: All of the golf course turfgrass growing areas are capped with sand. Over time, an undesirable organic build-up (thatch) has developed on top of the sand. Thatch inhibits water infiltration into the sand. The combination of the shallow-rooting of the Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) and the thatch build-up creates a very challenging growing situation. The thatch holds moisture and stays too moist in wet conditions, and it dries extremely hard in dry conditions. The thatch must be removed/diluted/managed while keeping the course open for play. Bear Mountain has excessive thatch conditions, with 4” build-up on the Mountain Course, and 2” build-up on the Valley Course. It is inferred that no fairway aeration had ever occurred on either Bear Mountain course since their inception, in an environment (shorter Northern summers) that promotes high thatch build-up.

Management Practices

The first remedial action is management of the thatch. The solution to thatch infestation is dilution - physical removal and soil amending. In an extreme situation like the condition at Bear Mountain, a multi-year program will be required to fix the problem. This program does not have an end. It must be continued every year during the lifespan of the golf course, or the thatch will continue to develop. The first strategy is to work on the thatch in two ways. First, core aeration is performed as a means of physical removal. Second, sand is applied to the surface and worked into the canopy as a means of amending the soil. The programs in 2015 were acceptable, but can be steadily improved as operational efficiencies increase every year so that all fairways can ideally be fully aerated twice a year (once in spring, and once in autumn). There are also many inputs required. Key inputs during this root zone remediation program are soil wetting agents. Wetting agents have a number of benefits. In the case at Bear Mountain, the primary needs are soil penetration to break the surface, followed by moisture holding enhancement in the root zone area.

To actualize a proper dethatching and aeration program, Bear Mountain procured additional equipment in spring 2015 and reorganized their operational team to prioritize the necessary work tasks. It is estimated that it will take a minimum of 5 to 10 years to successfully break up and remove the built-up thatch such that optimum turfgrass growing conditions have been reinstated.

Industry Leader Since 1976 | Global Capabilities | Traditional & Design-Build Delivery Method | Awarding Winning Projects

PROVIDING CUSTOMIZED SOLUTIONS FOR THE GOLF & RECREATION INDUSTRY

Golf Construction | Golf Renovation | Sports & Recreation | Golf Management | Irrigation & Infrastructure

Landscapes Unlimited identified the following 5 point plan in spring 2015, and are in process of indoctrinating the required elements into the Bear Mountain operating routines.

5 Point Water Management Plan for Westin Bear Mountain Golf Resort & Spa

1. Develop a written water management (conservation) plan Establish a water allocation program based on prioritized allocation (greens as highest priority, tees, fairways and roughs as lowest) Eliminate water applications in dry seasons (i.e. defer Driving Range irrigation)

Enhance the current record-keeping process 2. Add scientific variables (ET rates and moisture readings) to the irrigation decision making

process Weather station installation and operation Perform daily moisture meter readings from April to September Enhance the central controller programming operation with hand-held interfaces Study potential new technology (permanent sensors with remote access, water treatment devices, etc.)

3. Irrigation system audit and programming documentation Individual field satellite controller walk-through audit Individual controller programming and inventory sheets Immediate attention to system deficiencies (specific to individual head operation) Study of water distribution with future head spacing adjustments and relocation changes

4. Study the pump station(s) and well flow meters for accuracy and reliability Pump station flow tests and comparison to central programmer projected flows Well flow tests

5. Introduction of turfgrass cultural practices to enhance overall plant health and the interface between the turfgrass and the soil

Solid tine and core aeration for compaction relief and thatch removal Sand topdressing to dilute the thatch and create a firmer playing surface Strategic applications of wetting agents and surfactants to improve water use efficiency ECOASIS Golf Water Use Target & Trending Result Pre: Landscapes Unlimited - 2014 Water Use Mountain & Valley Golf Courses: Metered - 61,600,000 USG / 233,000 cubic meter Dethatching Program of all Fairways, plus the introduction of additional water management systems. Ecoasis Targeted Water Use – Reduce over 10 years overall water use 20% to 50,000,000 USG / 189,000 cubic meters 2016 Water Use: 54,500,000 USG / 205,617 cubic meters 2017 Water Use : 51,900,000 USG / 195,849 cubic meters (Partial reduction due to a directive from PGA Champions Tour representatives requiring firm playing conditions for their event in September.)

February 8, 2018

ECOASIS Development LLP 2050 Country Club Way Victoria, BC V9B 6R3

Attention: Eric Gerlach, General Manager – Real Estate

Dear Sir:

Subject: Bear Mountain Valley Golf Course

WSP Canada Inc. (WSP) is pleased to provide this Review of Environmental Aspects of Golf Course Water Management at the above captioned site.

Should you wish to discuss the contents of the report please contact the undersigned.

Yours sincerely,

Susan Blundell, M. Sc., R. P. Bio Senior Biologist

Christie Lucas, B. Sc., EP Environmental Scientist

Encl. WSP ref.: 171-13778-00

S I G N A T U R E S

PREPARED BY

Susan Blundell, M.Sc., R. P. Bio Senior Biologist

REVIEWED BY

Christie Lucas, M. Sc., EP. Environmental Scientist

This report was prepared by WSP CANADA INC. (WSP) for the account of ECOASIS Development LLP, in accordance with the professional services agreement. The disclosure of any information contained in this report is the sole responsibility of the intended recipient. The material in it reflects WSP’s best judgement in light of the information available to it at the time of preparation. Any use which a third party makes of this report, or any reliance on or decisions to be made based on it, are the responsibility of such third parties. WSP accepts no responsibility for damages, if any, suffered by any third party as a result of decisions made or actions based on this report. This limitations statement is considered part of this report.

The original of the technology-based document sent herewith has been authenticated and will be retained by WSP for a minimum of ten years. Since the file transmitted is now out of WSP’s control and its integrity can no longer be ensured, no guarantee may be given with regards to any modifications made to this document.

171-13778-00 Bear Mountain V Environmental Best Practices ... · Bear Mountain February 2018...

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Transcript of 171-13778-00 Bear Mountain V Environmental Best Practices ... · Bear Mountain February 2018...