___17. Who eventually invaded and conquered the Chaldeans? A. Babylonians B. Iraqis
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Transcript of ___17. Who eventually invaded and conquered the Chaldeans? A. Babylonians B. Iraqis
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___17. Who eventually invaded and conquered the Chaldeans?
A. Babylonians
B. Iraqis
C. Egyptians
D. Persians
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___18. The great leader of Persia was named:
A. Cyrus
B. Nebuchadnezzar
C. Ashurbanipal
D. Cleisthenes
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___19. The Chaldeans can also be called:
A. Persian
B. Assyrian
C. Babylonian
D. Hebrew
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___27. Which of the following is a characteristic of Persian rulers?
A. Abuse of conquered people
B. Primitive transportation
C. Development of imperial bureaucracy
D. Hinduism as a religion
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Three Empires that will give you a reason to live.
The Assyrians, Chaldeans, and Persians
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Where the heck is Assyria?Upper part of Tigris River ValleyPresent Day SyriaSpread all the way into Egypt!
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Map_of_Assyria.png/800px-Map_of_Assyria.png
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The Assyrian ArmyFeared warriors, very organized army
1st to use separate units of infantry and cavalry
All adult men served in army
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Assyrians, Cont… Assyrian Army conquered many
people.
Forced them to pay heavy taxes.
Built up capital city of Nineveh with taxes.
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King Ashurbanipal
Ashurbanipal ruled around 650 B.C.
Divided empire into provinces with governors that controlled each.
Built network of roads to improve communication.
Very well-educated, collected a library of over 20,000 tablets of poetry, mathematics, epics, etc.
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Goodbye Assyrians, Here Come the Chaldeans!
Assyrians conquered by Chaldeans 612BC
Chaldean = Babylonian
Chaldean King Nebechadnezzar leads invasion of Israel.
Destroys Jerusalem and Solomon’s Temple
http://www.hope.edu/academic/religion/bandstra/RTOT/CH13/CH13_F7.JPG
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Check this out homies!- Nebuchadrezzar built “Hanging Gardens” palace for wife.
- One of 7 wonders of ancient world.
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Bring In the Persians!Chaldeans conquered by Persians in 539 BC
Persians develop largest empire in world.
Known for being nice to conquered people.
http://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson_images/EvalGraphics/PersianEmpire03.jpg
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Cyrus the Great!Ruled 559 BC – 530 BC
Expanded empire
Freed Hebrews from Assyrians in Jerusalem
Also set up satrapies (provinces) governed by a satrap.
Typically appointed locals to run satrapies.
Later, created road system to travel between satrapies.
Developed a system of coinage
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___24. The Golden Age for the Indian Empire happens during which dynasty’s rule?
A. Gupta
B. Mauryan
C. Qin
D. T’ang
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___25. Which of the following is a civilization that formed in the Indus River Valley?
A. Harappa
B. Sumer
C. Cairo
D. Huang He
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Early Indian Civilizations
Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro 2 major cities of Indus Valley.
Very advanced and organized
Polytheistic, believed in afterlife
Also created writing system - pictographs
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What Happened?Cities disappeared for
unknown reason
3 Theories People overfarmed the land
Volcanic eruption killed everyone
Violent attack by outsiders killing everyone
After collapse, Indo -Aryan people migrated in.
http://bestanimations.com/Cartoons/WarnerBros/WarnerBros.html
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The Indo-Aryans
Migrated through Khyber Pass
Very structured society
Measured wealth by cows
Used caste system
http://www.nice-one.com/wallpaper.jpg
I NEED MORE
COWBELL!!!
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___31. What major contribution did Draco make to Athens?
A. Increased trade
B. Made 1st legal code
C. Strengthened democracy
D. Created the Assembly
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____36. What man made major reforms to Athens including canceling all debts and ending slavery?
A. Cleisthenes
B. Draco
C. Pericles
D. Solon
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CA B
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Cool Stuff from Greece• Scientists:
Archimedes – invented lever, pulley, calculated PiHippocrates – “Father of Medicine,” created Hippocratic
Oath that doctors still use today• Mathematicians:
Euclid – Father of geometryPythagoras – Pythagorean Theorem
• Philosophy:Socrates – one of greatest thinkers of age; wanted
people to question what was correct.Plato – student of Socrates; wrote The Republic
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More Cool Stuff
Aristotle – student of Plato’s; philosopher and scientist; created method of proving logic called a syllogism (3 logically related statements)
• Drama: Aeschylus and Sophocles both known for writing great tragedies for theater
http://www.hccy.cg.catholic.edu.au/home/pamela_cohen/greekdrama/maskscomedytragedy.gif
http://www.prancyhorse.com/estuff/booklist/images/2581f.jpg
http://assets.cambridge.org/052101/0756/cover/0521010756.jpg
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The Persians Mean Business Now
• Persian leader, Darius, crushes rebellion and punishes Athenians for helping.
• 490 BC invades Greece by landing at Marathon.
• 1st major battle; Athenians are greatly outnumbered.
http://www.maitlandtoysoldiershoppe.com/products/images/grenadastudios/g174-3.jpg
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http://www.e-grammes.gr/maps/persian_wars.jpg
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Athens Wins!!
• Although outnumbered, the Athenians kill 6,400 Persians while only losing 192 Athenians.
• One of their heroes was Philippides, he ran approximately 150 miles in two days to get help from the Spartans. True Story!
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The Legend of Philippides• After Battle of Marathon, Philippides
took the news 26 miles back to Athens.
26 miles = Marathon
• While running he screamed, “NIKE!”
NIKE = Victory in Greek
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The Persians Aren’t Finished
• After Battle at Marathon, Persians withdrew from Greece; peace for 10 yrs.
• Darius’s son, Xerxes, wants to take over Greece and avenge his father.
• 480 BC – 180,000 Persian soldiers backed by the navy invade Greece again.
• The Persians conquer northern Greece, but city-states unite to stop the Persians.
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How did the Greeks win?
• After some terrible setbacks (Thermopylae, Athens is destroyed), the Greeks will lure the Persian navy into a narrow bay called Salamis.
• Greek ships rallied and crushed almost all of the Persian fleet.
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**Why the Persian Wars are **Why the Persian Wars are Important?**Important?**
• Persian wars united Athens and Sparta against the Persian Empire.
• Athenian victories over the Persians at Marathon and Salamis left Greeks in control of the Aegean Sea.
• Athens preserved its independence and continued innovations in government and culture.
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Mr. Hannah, how do you know so much?
• We know so much about this war because of the writings of Herodotus, the father of history!
http://www.livius.org/he-hg/herodotus/herodotus.jpg
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___39. This war will leave the Greek city-states weak, broken up, and vulnerable to attack from outsiders:
A. Persian War
B. Peloponnesian War
C. Trojan War
D. Zulu War
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The Delian League• After the Persian Wars, the Greeks felt
they needed to defend themselves.• Greek city-states unite to form Delian
League as result of Persian Wars.• Defensive alliance to protect against
future attacks.• Athens is leader; Sparta does not join.• Over 200 City-states join the Delian
League.• Athens now had reason to use it’s
powerful navy and control other members of the League.
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Problems with the Delian League
• All wealth went to Athens because they provided protection.
• Misused money and built many extravagant buildings to show off.
EX: Parthenon
• **This is a period of great cultural achievement for Greece known as the “Golden Age of Pericles”**
• Other members of League get upset.
http://www.bestanimations.com
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Down with the Delian League!!!• Members unhappy with Athens controlling
everything.• Trade disagreements erupted.• Extreme tension between Sparta and
Athens.• All leads to collapse of Delian League and
start of…
PELOPONNESIAN WAR!!!!
http://bestanimations.com/Animals/Animals2.html
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___50. Which of the following is NOT an aspect of the Pax Romana?
A. Expansion and solidification of the empire.
B. Relative peace for nearly 2 centuries.
C. A clear and bloodless succession of emperors.
D. It was created by Augustus Caesar.
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Causes for Decline of the Roman Republic
• After Roman Republic begins policy of imperialism, to quickly begins to decline.– What is imperialism?– What wars do you believe would have started this?
• After the Punic Wars, the Republic is consumed by civil war.– Factors are described in the FALLS Mnemonic that
we just learned.– Leads to chaos, corruption, and end of Republic.
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Fall related to the new
pressures of new social and economic conditions.
• Political leaders often resorted to violence to solve problems instead of compromise.
http://www.ancientworlds.net/aworlds_media/ibase_1/00/04/06/00040687_000.gif
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A huge migration of small
farmers into cities = no jobs
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Lots of slaves from newly
conquered territories• By the fall of the
Republic, between 1 & 3 million people living in Rome were slaves. (~35% of population!!)
• Slave rebellions in places like Sicily (led by Spartacus) led to grain shortages and chaos.
http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us/~vms/carlton/Rome_Reading_1.html
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Loss of value of Roman
money, inflation
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Spark = Death of Julius Caesar
and the fighting over his heir (44 B.C.)
• Julius Caesar took power as part of the First Triumvirate (a group of three leaders).
• Caesar wrestled power away from the other two leaders and in 49 B.C. became the dictator of Rome.
• Many Senators, led by Brutus, felt he was too powerful and conspired to kill him.
• On March 15, 44 B.C. (The “ides” of March), Caesar is ambushed and killed by members of the Senate.
http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us/~vms/carlton/Rome_Reading_1.html
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Who is Julius Caesar?
• 60 BC Triumvirate (have to remember this term!) takes control – group of three that rule.
• Julius Caesar is one of the three
• After a few years, other two die; one dies, one murdered.
• Caesar gains control, named dictator for life.
• People afraid he would gain too much power
• So what do they do?
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Death to Caesar
• 60 senators plot to kill him
• Stabbed to death on the Ides of March in the Senate.
• Does he have a clear heir?
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The Pax Romana “Roman Peace” (27 B.C.-180 A.D.)
• So to review:– Caesar dies 44 B.C.– Augustus is in Caesar’s will, Marc Anthony is angry.– They fight, then cooperate, with Marc Anthony ruling
in the East and Augustus in the West.– Augustus gains total control in 31 BC after defeating
Anthony and Cleopatra– becomes 1st Roman Emperor.
– 27 B.C. – Augustus begins a series of reforms to usher in the Pax Romana.
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The Period known as the P.A.X. Romana is remembered for three
reasons.
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Augustus Caesar established
the Pax Romana• Often said Emperor
Augustus, “Found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble.”
• Unified and enlarged Roman Empire using imperial authority and strong military.
http://www.roman-britain.org/people/augustus.gif
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Peace for Two Centuries (27 B.C.
– 180 A.D.)• Why?
– The Roman Empire was too strong and united to be challenged.
– The Roman military was nearly invincible.
http://fiestasiesta.co.uk/history/img/RomanLegion.jpg
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Xpansion and Solidification of
Roman Empire
http://www.usu.edu/markdamen/ClasDram/images/12/25map07paxromana.jpg
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Roads are built, travel is safer
• “All roads lead to Rome.”
http://www.utexas.edu/courses/romanciv/life%20and%20society/basalt.jpg
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Order helps to develop a uniform
rule of law
http://webu2.upmf-grenoble.fr/Haiti/Cours/Ak/Images/Antiquite36.jpg
The Twelve Tables in the Forum
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Money is made uniform (the
same) which expands trade
http://www.traces.nu/coins_roman/denarius_marcus_antonius_legx_1b.jpg
http://artemis.austincollege.edu/acad/history/jmoore/RomanTradeRoutesMap.jpeg
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A returned stability to the social
classes = less class conflict
http://www.bible-history.com/rome/pompeii_husband_wife.gif
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Now the family becomes more
important
http://www.abcgallery.com/A/almatadema/alma2.JPG
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A civil service is created to keep
the government running
http://pointofview.bluehighways.com/images/roman_senate.jpg
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Art/ArchitectureArt/Architecture
Pantheon – Temple built for Pantheon – Temple built for Gods in RomeGods in Rome
Colosseum – Arena for public Colosseum – Arena for public events in Rome like gladiator events in Rome like gladiator fights.fights.
Forum – Public area with Forum – Public area with political and religious political and religious buildingsbuildings
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TechnologyTechnology
• Roads – Romans built Roads – Romans built best roads in history.best roads in history.
• Aqueducts – System Aqueducts – System of carrying water into of carrying water into the cities.the cities.
• Roman arches – Used Roman arches – Used in architecture, in architecture, aqueducts, etc.aqueducts, etc.
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Other ContributionsOther Contributions
• Law: Law: ““Innocent until Innocent until
proven guilty” – proven guilty” – taken from 12 Tablestaken from 12 Tables
• Science:Science:Ptolemy – Ptolemy –
astronomer/scientist; astronomer/scientist; proposed Earth was proposed Earth was center of universe center of universe (geocentric theory)(geocentric theory)
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The Impact of Rome’s Language The Impact of Rome’s Language & Literature& Literature
• Language:Language:Latin leads to the Latin leads to the
Romance Romance languageslanguages
• Literature:Literature:The AeneidThe Aeneid – –
Written by Virgil; Written by Virgil; modeled on modeled on Homer’s worksHomer’s works
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Emphasis on Public HealthEmphasis on Public Health• Romans are 1Romans are 1stst to to
focus on Public focus on Public Health.Health.
• Public Baths – for Public Baths – for entertainment and entertainment and bathing; encourages bathing; encourages good hygienegood hygiene
• Public Water system Public Water system using the aqueducts; using the aqueducts; helps prevent helps prevent disease.disease.
• Medical schools - to Medical schools - to train doctors.train doctors.
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The Decline of the Roman Empire
• After Pax Romana, the Western part of Roman Empire declines for many reasons.
• Weak leaders = weak Empire
• Leads to division and then the collapse of Roman Empire.
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Defense of the Empire
costs too much
http://www.french-at-a-touch.com/Graphics_M-O/new_pa1.jpg
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Economic difficulty and
the devaluation of Roman currency
• Roman emperors continued to debase the coinage.– Debasing = backing the coinage up with less
value.
http://www.romancoins.info/Brutus-Obverse.jpg
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Can’t discipline
military, it now includes invaders
Need more soldiers; people begin to fight for pay, not their country.
Rulers hire corrupt soldiers who fight for a price (mercenaries).
Leads to lack of military discipline and loyalty
http://www258.pair.com/denarius/images/erf_rr1875.jpg
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Loss of faith in Rome
and the family• The rich started to spend their money on products from the East, making Rome weaker.
• Population decline due to a poor understanding of fertility.
http://www.utexas.edu/courses/romanciv/Romancivimages23/severantondo.jpg
Notice anything out of the ordinary in this picture?
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Invasions on the borders
(Barbarians)• Invaders include Visogoths, Ostrogoths, Franks, Huns, and Persians.
• Barbarians=“Outsiders”
http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH_06_140a.gif
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New political problems,
civil conflict and weak administration
– Pandemic strikes Rome and further depletes it’s population.
– Military rivalries drained money and made Romans enemies of each other.
http://img360.imageshack.us/img360/1466/rome3ma.jpg
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Eeeek! Moral decay!! People lose faith in Rome Crime and unemployment increase