2002 9 43 88

1663 1

1630-1696 1647

Association for Asian Studies In Search of an Historical Agent-Qu Dajun s 1659 Poems on Plum Trees '

Professors Wai-yee Li, Allan Barr Grace Fong

1

1996 1580

1608-1647

1596-1647 1616-1647

2 1649

1608-1685

1631-1700 1629-1705 3

1657

1582-1664 1609-1672

1616-1696

1610-1695

1613-1682

1 6 1 9 - 1 6 9 2

1629-1709

1634-1711

1612-1660 4

2 101996 3 182-183

81 1841-2013

3 16921985-1986

4 Lawrence C. H. Yim,Political Exile and the Chan Buddhism Master A Cantonese Monk in Manchuria

during the Ming-Qing Transition

5 6 7

8

9

1658

10

1659 1592-165911 1598-1659

5

6

2000 27-28 7

1959 1060-1061 8 1870 9 152 10 1982 11

250-251

1014 11

1021880

3 4871646-1708

1983 204-2051876

1610-1686 12

13

14 1089-116315

16

17

18

19

12 1936 18a-b

13 83 2119-2120

14 2118-2119 15 24

1987 1 752

16

199450-62

2001 147-1651999 289-308

17 55 18 60 19 69-70

20

21

22

poetic voice

23

24

marginalized

20 80 21 81-82

84 1 1992 1 5-13 22 92

1986 2 251-254 23

24

Lynn Struve , The Southern Ming: 1644-1662 (New Haven & London:Yale University Press, 1984), pp. 182-189 1644-1662

1992 171-178

m o t i f s

historical memory subjectivity

n a t i o n - b u i l d i n g

discourse

25

514

1381

26

27

1541-1620

25 2000 99-102 26 1987 3 1a

75 2 2b 51 27 3 1a 75

28

29

30

1659

31

32

natural images

28 3 66b 1071985 210

668611988 16 5283

29 3 66b-67a 107-108 30 1983 3a-4b 256-

257 1617-?

19151653

1998 258 31 110 32 3 15b-16a

82

33

universal

vehicle poetic structure

1659 34

intertextualized

1393

35

36

33

4a-5a 257-259 34 111 35 2 23a-b 62

1996 29 121-123 36 1974 76

1864-1865

1479-1542

37

37 3 33b 91

1 44b-47a 40-42

38

sub-text

1371

39

legitimacy a universal significance

38 1994 6 131-133

39 3 5a-7a 77-78

3 33a-36b 86-87

138240

grand narrative

immortality 138341

institutionalize

40 3 7a-8b 78 41 3 19b-23a 84-86

irony

1645-1646

42 1664

43

historical imagination

1659 44

45

46

47

42 1 8 1 692-93

43

1992 308 44 111-112 45

516 46 25 1a-3b 254-

255 47 47a 343

48

inward turn introspection

49

50 51

48

205 66818

49 1983 153 50 155 51 155

9 3 159

52

53

54

55

52

53

54 25 4 562 55 1680

534

56

57

58

59

56 154 57

58

70 59

16 5302

60

61

1646

62

63

64

60

1970 144 1454 61 234 62

63

64 73 137-138

1991 53-124

1996 95-140

65 167366

67

68

65 1877-1878 66 1924-1930 67

1983 1334 179 595 68

69

70

69 112-113

70

71

1631-1647 1645

1647

71

199172 45238

72

1648

73

74

75

1659-1660? 76

72 1991247-248

73 130 74 131 75 1973 9-10

Chi-hung Yim, The Poetics of Historical Memory in the Ming-Qing Transition: AStudy of Qian Qianyi s (1582-1664) Later Poetry, Ph.D. dissertation (Yale University,1998), pp. 162-163

76 113

77

78

1694

79

80

external evidence

internal evidence

77 112 78

23 2 1990 12 197-212 79 1024 80 1158-1159

Edward S. Casey place

remembering

Casey Remembering: A Phenomenological

Study (1987)

body memory place m e m o r y

Casey 81

Casey

active influence

distinctive potencies

genius loci the spirit of a place82 Casey

mise en scène83 Casey

regionalizes

neighborhood vicinity84

81 Edward S. Casey, Remembering: A Phenomenological Study (Bloomington & Indianapolis:Indiana University Press, 1987), pp. 144-215.

82 p. 197 83 p. 189 84 p. 202

Casey subject

85 Merleau-Ponty

We must avoid. . . saying that our body is in space or in time. It

inhabits space and time. 86 Casey

local history

locales our true

present87

Casey

material things

memorability

88 Casey

Things put the past in place; they

are the primary source of its concrete implacement in memory. 89

Casey

exp re s s ivenes s

Lawrence Dur r e l l Human be ings a r e

expressions of their landscapes. 90Casey

emotionality

85 p. 189 86 p. 190 87 p. 194 88 p. 205 89 p. 206 90 p. 199

landscape

embody

visibility Casey

configuration

luminosity Casey

invisible

91

Casey

Casey

1642?-1707? 92

91 pp. 199-200 92 1636 1641 1642 1705 1707 1710 1718

1828

93

94

95

93

1997 1 15 94

95 198212 305

1981 465 2 9a

96

1841-1903

97

98

99

transfer1 0 0

96 306 97

1983 2404 98 1985 3 99

1988 4 3013 100 1985 5 189

Casey

geopolitical

personal memory

historicalmemory

1682-1754

101

point of view tone image

mythos

101

1979 856

tautologically

compartmentalized

102

s t y l i z e d p h i l o s o p h i c a l

existential historical

103

104

105

102

1999 120 103 109 104

105 1251-1252

1241-1318106 literary

dream

107

106

1991 117-120 107

49

138

19817 9b

1276

fictiveness

political allegory

mirror image

internalize

108

109

108 103-104 109

12 3209

110

111

1638112

textuality

113

114

110

77

1986389 26 18b 456

111 2 3320

112

2001 113

114 2002 159

115

116

117

115

20021998 4 112-118

1999 6 102-108 2001 4 160-165

116 10 117 1985 4 33

118

119

120

118 305 119

1988 175308

120

1994 146 20 36a 198

121 1247-1312 122

123

124

125

1 2 6

121 1984 207-208 122 1274

70 44088 641992 5 483-497

123

64 484-485 124

2000599 10 6807

125 70 44110 126 44097-44098

poetic vision

carnival

1242-1310

127

128

129

130

m o r a l i z e d

mystified

127

128

1992 286-287 129 69 43481

__

1965 3392

130

1985 239 4 234

131

1 3 2

1 3 3

134

135

1275

136

131 6 5b 132

25 5b 133

29 7b 134 1994 263-268 135

122 136 57-58

immediacy

metaphorical

allusion

topical allusion

reference

137

137 13 3227-228

1598-1662

138

agency

139

138 83 394

139 16621890-1893

canon

140

5 3123

10 174 140

1656

1657

1658

1659

5 127-128

1659 1630-1696

Qu Dajun (1630-1696) spent the better part of 1659 in Nanjing where heproduced some twenty poems on plum trees. The plum emerges as Mingloyalism incarnate, and Qu encourages the reader to see him as a Ming loyalist.This paper examines how Qu shapes the Ming memory and his intended imagein the poems. Analyzing the structure and symbolism of the verses, we discoverthree interrelated motifs: loyalty, seclusion, and rebirth. Qu’s message is thateven though the loyalists are marginalized figures of the day, they still seethemselves as historical agents to revive the fallen Ming house. What engagesQu is a poetic representation of the historical memory of the Ming-Qingtransition and the Ming loyalist subjectivity. Qu’s poems are written in themode of “poetry on objects.” This entails a theoretical investigation into Qu’spoetic formulations. To probe the loyalist condition that Qu is faced with, acomparison of the experiences of the Ming and the Song loyalists is conducted.

Keywords: Qu Dajun Ming-Qing transition Poems on plum treeshistorical memory Ming loyalist subjectivityloyalist condition

Objectivity, Memory, andLoyalist Condition Qu Dajun’s

1659 Poems on Plum Trees

Lawrence C. H. YIM