160( ish ) Days of Language Arts in 20 Minutes or Less!
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Transcript of 160( ish ) Days of Language Arts in 20 Minutes or Less!
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160(ISH) DAYS OF LANGUAGE ARTS IN
20 MINUTES OR LESS!
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Context Clues – What Are They? Context clues are bits of information from the
text that, when combined with prior knowledge, allow you to decide the meaning of unknown words in the story or article you are reading.
As a reader you must act similar to a detective and put together clues from sentences surrounding an unknown word in order to make an intelligent “guess” as to what the definition of a word is.
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Inference Making an inference is basically
reading between the lines Draw personal meaning from text
(words) or pictures. When you think about that hidden
information on your own and understand what the author has written, you’re making an inference!
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Make an Inference! What does this image tell me?
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Dramatic Irony A contradiction
between what a character thinks and what the reader/audience knows to be true
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Verbal Irony Words used to suggest
the opposite of what is meant
Functions a lot like sarcasm
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Situational Irony An event occurs that
directly contradicts the expectations of the characters, the reader, or the audience
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Direct Characterization Direct characterization is when the
author TELLS the audience what the personality of the character is.
Example: “The patient boy and quiet girl were both at the game.”
The author is telling us that the boy is patient and the girl is kind.
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Indirect Characterization Indirect characterization is when the
author SHOWS things that reveal the personality of the character.
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Mood
*The writer may carefully select details such as descriptive words, dialogue, imagery, and setting to create a mood.
*May also use symbolism to create mood
*Symbol: something that stands for something else
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Tone*Tone: attitude the author takes toward the subject
*The language and details the writer chooses to describe the characters, setting, and events help to create the tone.
*Tone often reflects the author’s purpose.
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Tone can be… Informal/Formal Serious/Humorous Literal/Sarcastic Objective/Biased Playful, Naïve, Condescending or many
other possibilities
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To Sum Up… Tone is how the author feels Mood is how YOU feel while reading Both are INFERRED from the text
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AUTHOR’S PURPOSE
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3 Main Purposes To inform To persuade To entertain
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To Inform Share knowledge or information Author will provide you with facts, NOT
opinions This type of writing is straightforward and
unbiased The author’s tone is neutral (neither good nor
bad) Non-fiction Think:
Biographies, text books, the news, charts, research papers,
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To Persuade Get the reader to believe something or
try something This type of writing often mixes fact AND
opinion Author will take a stance that something
is good or bad, right or wrong Think:
Commercials, editorials, campaign speeches, advertisements
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To Entertain To talk about a theme, event or story Think:
Fiction, movie, novel, short story, poetry
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DenotationThe denotation of a word is
its dictionary meaning.
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ConnotationThe connotation of a word is the set of
ideas associated with it in addition to its explicit meaning
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Denotation versus Connotation
Some examples – Cheap is “low in cost” (denotation) but
“stingy” or “poorly made” are the connotations of cheap
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ImageryImagery is words or phrases that appeal to one or more of the five senses. Writers use
imagery to describe how their subjects look, sound,
feel, taste, and smell.
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PLOTLINE
ExpositionResolution
Ris
ing
Actio
n
Climax
Falling Action
Conflict Introduced
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ExpositionThe Exposition is the
introduction. It is the part of the work that introduces the characters, setting, and basic situation.
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Rising ActionRising Action is the part of the
plot that begins to occur as soon as the conflict is introduced. The rising action adds complications to the conflict and increases reader interest.
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ClimaxThe Climax is the point of
greatest emotional intensity, interest, or suspense in the plot of a narrative. The climax typically comes at the turning point in a story or drama.
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Falling Action
Falling Action is the action that typically follows the climax and reveals its results.
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Resolution
The Resolution is the part of the plot that concludes the falling action by revealing or suggesting the outcome of the conflict.
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Conflict
Conflict is the struggle between opposing forces in a story or play. There are two types of conflict that exist in literature.
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External Conflict
External conflict exists when a character struggles against some outside force, such as another character, nature, society, or fate.
Man vs. ManMan vs. NatureMan vs. Society
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Internal ConflictInternal conflict exists within the mind of a
character who is torn between different courses of action.
Man vs. Himself
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ForeshadowingForeshadowing is the author’s use of clues
to hint at what might happen later in the story. Writers use foreshadowing to build their readers’ expectations and to create suspense. This is used to help readers prepare for what is to come.
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Point of ViewPoint of View is the perspective, or vantage
point, from which a story is told. It is the relationship of the narrator to the story.
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First Person is told by a character who uses the first-person pronoun “I”.
Third-person limited is the point of view where the narrator uses third-person pronouns such as “he” and “she” to refer to the characters. The narrator knows the thoughts, feelings and motivations of ONE character
Third person omniscient is the point of view where the narrator knows the thoughts, feelings and motivations of MULTIPLE characters
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ThemeThe theme of a literary work is its central
message, concern, or purpose.
A theme is always GENERAL. It applies to anyone, anywhere, at any point in time
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MetaphorA Metaphor is a type of speech that compares
or equates two or more things that have something in common. A metaphor does NOT use like or as.
Example: Life is a bowl of cherries.
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SimileA Simile is another figure of speech that
compares seemingly unlike things. Simile’s DO use the words like or as.
Example: Her voice was like nails on a chalkboard.
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PersonificationPersonification is a figure
of speech in which an animal, object, force of nature, or idea is given human qualities or characteristics.
Example: Tears began to fall from the dark
clouds.
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AlliterationAlliteration is the repetition of sounds,
most often consonant sounds, at the beginning of words. Alliteration gives emphasis to words.
Example: Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers
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POETRY FORM
FORM - the appearance of the words on the page
LINE - a group of words together on one line of the poem
STANZA - a group of lines arranged together
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METER A pattern of stressed and unstressed
syllables. Meter occurs when the stressed and
unstressed syllables of the words in a poem are arranged in a repeating pattern.
When poets write in meter, they count out the number of stressed (strong) syllables and unstressed (weak) syllables for each line. They they repeat the pattern throughout the poem.
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METER cont. FOOT - unit of meter. A foot can have two or three syllables. Usually consists of one stressed and
one or more unstressed syllables.
TYPES OF FEET The types of feet are determined by the
arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables.
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METER cont. TYPES OF FEET (cont.) Iambic - unstressed, stressed Trochaic - stressed, unstressed
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FREE VERSE POETRY Unlike metered poetry, free verse poetry
does NOT have any repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables.
Does NOT have rhyme.
Free verse poetry is very conversational - sounds like someone talking with you.
A more modern type of poetry.
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BLANK VERSE POETRY
Written in lines of iambic pentameter, but does NOT use end rhyme.
from Julius Ceasar
Cowards die many times before their deaths;The valiant never taste of death but once.Of all the wonders that I yet have heard,
It seems to me most strange that men should fear;Seeing that death, a necessary end,
Will come when it will come.
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RHYME Words sound alike because they share
the same ending vowel and consonant sounds.
(A word always rhymes with itself.)
LAMP STAMP
Share the short “a” vowel sound Share the combined “mp” consonant
sound
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END RHYME A word at the end of one line rhymes
with a word at the end of another line
Hector the Collector Collected bits of string.
Collected dolls with broken heads And rusty bells that would not ring.
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INTERNAL RHYME A word inside a line rhymes with another
word on the same line.
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary.
From “The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe
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NEAR RHYME a.k.a imperfect rhyme, close rhyme
The words share EITHER the same vowel or consonant sound BUT NOT BOTH
ROSE LOSE
Different vowel sounds (long “o” and “oo” sound)
Share the same consonant sound
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RHYME SCHEME A rhyme scheme is a pattern of rhyme
(usually end rhyme, but not always).
Use the letters of the alphabet to represent sounds to be able to visually “see” the pattern.
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CONSONANCE Similar to alliteration EXCEPT . . .
The repeated consonant sounds can be anywhere in the words
“silken, sad, uncertain, rustling . . “
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ASSONANCE Repeated VOWEL sounds in a line or
lines of poetry.
(Often creates near rhyme.)
Lake Fate Base Fade (All share the long “a” sound.)
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REFRAIN A sound, word, phrase or line repeated
regularly in a poem. “Quoth the raven, ‘Nevermore.’”