1.6 Safety Culture

Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH)

INCULCATING SAFETY CULTURE

MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCES MALAYSIA

DEPARTMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCES MALAYSIA

VISION TO BE A LEADER OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

MISSION TO ENSURE SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK

Level 2,3&4, Block D3, Parcel D, Federal Government Administrative Centre.

62503. Putrajaya

Preface

In order for occupational safety and health management to be effective, it must be a part of both the formal and informal parts of a company. It must be more than an official program and must be integrated into every aspect of the organizations way of doing business.

The safety culture should start during the hiring process. Safety is a function of behavior. Work performance is a function of behavior. Behavior is a function of attitude. Hire the right people -- people with the right attitude. Therefore, the right behavior is the cornerstone of safety culture.

Management should adopt the safety culture. Divisional and corporate management is held responsible and accountable for both production and safety -- it is in effect one of the same. In short, a safety culture should embrace all aspects of your organizations way of doing business. Safety must become the way of life for all employees at every level of the organization.

Safety culture should be the foundation and framework of OSH program by developing recognition and investigation techniques that determine and correct root causes of accidents and near-misses, educate employees through safety training and establish an accountability system that shows leadership in all aspects of safety.

Dato Ir. Dr. Johari BasriDirector General Department of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia

1


CONTENTS What is safety culture Status

Indicators Strategies Challenges Impact

2


CHALLENGES Impact of

Safety Culture

3

ACTIVITIES UNDER OSHA

4

WHAT IS SAFETY CULTURE?

5

Historical Context The term safety culture appeared first in a report on the 1986 Chernobyl Disaster

6

Historical

The beginning of the safety culture period of accident investigation and analysis can be traced back to the nuclear accident at Chernobyl in 1986 in which a poor safety culturewas identified as a factor contributing to the accident by both the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Nuclear Agency (Cox and Flin 1998; Mearns and Flin 1999; Pidgeon 1998).

Since then, safety culture has been discussed in other major accident inquiries and analyses of system failures, such as the Kings Cross underground fire in London and the Piper Alpha oil platform explosion in the North Sea (Cox and Flin 1998; Pidgeon1998), as well as the crash of Continental Express Flight 2574 (Meshkati 1997), the Columbia Space Shuttle accident (CAIB 2003), and the explosion at the British Petroleum refinery in Texas City (CSB 2005).

7

Safety:

Measures and practices undertaken to prevent and minimize the risk of loss of life, injury and damage to property and environment

Culture: Way of life, the customs, beliefs and attitudes that people in a particular group or organization share

8

Safety culture:

the product of multiple interactions between people (psychological), jobs (behavioural) and the organization (situational) in the field of occupational safety and health

9

Safety Culture Definition

10

. the product of the individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of, an organizations safety and health management. (Cooper 2000)

11

Safety culture model Level of safety culture is influenced by three main Independent variables namely:

Individuals commitment Managers commitment Policy commitment

12

ILO Safety Culture Model

Safety Culture

Questioning Attitude

Definition of Rigorous and Responsibilities Individuals Prudent Commitment Approach

Definition and Control of

Communication Safety Practices

Managers Qualification Commitment and Training Statement of Safety Policy

Rewards and Management Sanction Policy Level Structures

Commitment Resources Audit, Review

and Comparison

Self-Regulation

13

Model illustrates the essence of a system based model of culture. It shows how individual safety awareness can be promoted within theimmediate work group. This awareness, and the work group sub-culture, shapes individual safety beliefs, attitudes and perceptions of responsibility and control. This, in turn, drives the individuals behavior, which is either sanctioned or reinforced (or supported) by the safety management process.

14

HSE: SYSTEM MODEL OF SAFETY CULTURE

Attitude Components

Competence and Safe Behavior

Responsibility and ControlAwareness

INDIVIDUAL

Leadership and

Support

Reinforcement and Support from Safety

Management Process

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

15

Safety Culture: the way forward

1994 - OSHA just started 1994 to 2004 - OSHA after 10 years 2004 to 2014 - OSHA after 20 years Beyond 2020 - Preventive OSH culture

16

Safety Culture: the way forward 2020..beyond

Preventive OSH culture

Safety for self & othersSafety for self Safety is a valueSafety is prioritySafety for compliance System thinking

Safety is important Fact findingFaultfinding Inadequate training

Adequate training and

Lack of training Pride in doing thingscollective approach

Objective is not to get right into trouble with

Professionalism and

Inability to deal withauthorities Confident in emergenciesunforeseen emergencies

Poor emergency Safe practices a routinepreparedness and

Continual improvementresponse

17

very supportive

Proactive risk identification

STATUS

19

In our country safety culture has been highlighted since the introduction of the Occupational Safety and Health in 1994. Safety culture is the best safety performance indicator that can demonstrate the effectiveness of hazards control to prevent accidents which not only cause injuries, health problems and deaths but also damage to properties and environment.

Safety culture in influenced by an employees and employers perceptions which include attitudes and beliefs regarding safety and the implementation of safety management system.

20

MALAYSIA SCENARIO Categories of organizations Multinationals Big companies Medium and small enterprise

The occupational safety and health legislation

Self regulations

National competent bodies with OSH implementation responsibilities

Tripartite role

Recognition and appreciation

21

Occupational Safety and Health Act, 1994 (OSHA) is a bless in developing safer and healthier workplace in Malaysia.

However, in many industries, occupational safety and health (OSH) is still at compliance levels, not more than that. Only in few industries that involves with petrochemical or oil and gas are highly committed to OSH but yet still to comply with the requirement oftheir industries, the reality is OSH is still not being our culture.

22

OSH Legislative Framework and System Principle Activities

A comprehensive and integrated system of law to deal with the safety and health of

- persons at work, - other persons at work - and the protection of the public

23

Legal Framework Legal Requirements : i. Factories and Machinery Act 1967 and 15 Regulations ii. Petroleum (Safety Measures) Act 1984 and iii. Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 and 7

Regulations and 2 Orders - to promote safety and health awareness, and - establish effective safety organization and

performance through self - regulation schemes

The long term goal of the Act is to create a healthy and safe working culture

24

SETTING OSH STANDARDS FOR INDUSTRY TO PROMOTE PREVENTIVE OSH CULTURE

25

There are several national competent bodies with occupational safety and health (OSH) implementation responsibilities which includes;

- OSH administration and enforcement - Competent firms - Training provider - Supporting agencies

26

National Competent Bodies with OSH Implementation Responsibilities

OSH Administration & Enforcement Supporting Agency

1. Department of 1. Ministry of Health Occupational Safety and 2. Department of Labor Health (DOSH) 3. Social Security Organization

(SOCSO) 4. NGOs

NCOSH, MOHR

Competent Firm Training Provider

Qualified Company/Person for : 1. National Institute of 1. Industrial Safety Occupational Safety and 2. Industrial Hygiene Health (NIOSH) 3. Major Hazard 2. Construction Industry 4. Occupational Health Development Board Malaysia

3. Higher Learning Institutions

27

Ministry of Human Resources (MOHR) in delivering the duties to inculcate the safety and health culture in Malaysia adopted the tripartite concept which involve ;

- Government - Employer - Employee

The government is using this platform in formulating the government policy, legislation, and national programs on occupational safety and health in the country.,

28

Social Dialogue Diagram : Tripartite Concept

Collective bargaining

29

INDICATORS

30

Indicators Progression of Safety Culture in Malaysia

In this context indicator progression of safety culture in Malaysia is divided into two main categories namely proactive and reactive indicators.

Commonly used proactive indicators are:

Number of OSH professionals Number of training and promotional programs conducted by

DOSH and NIOSH Research on OSH

Whereas statistics of work related injuries and fatality is been used as reactive indicator.

31

OSH Professional

In 2007, they were 26530 OSH professionals registered with DOSH. The specialities of these professionals are varies from handling specific machineries, conducting special occupational health task to managing health and safety in the workplace.

32

Training and Promotions

To promote safety culture in Malaysia DOSH actively carried out various types of OSH promotional activities. Number of DOSH promotional activities is increased steadily from 782 in 2004 to 1036 in year 2007.

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is focusing in giving training to employees, OSH professional and management on OSH. Over period of 2004-2007, NIOSH is conducted 6716 series of OSH training and 159000 of participants were trained over that period.

34

Research on OSH

Realizing on the importance of conducting research on OSH, currently DOSH in collaboration with OSH professionals and higher learning institutions is conducting various researches on OSH. Findings from these researches will be taken into consideration in making national OSH policy and programs.

36

Current OSH Research

O OSH Profile Report

O Formulate National OSH Policy

O Female Sprayer Chemical Handling O Ergonomic Issues on VDU O Study on Impact of OSH Legislation O Determination of PEL for Chemical Hazardous

to Health

O Ergonomic Issue on Back Pain Injury

O Measuring Safety and Health Culture Related to Rate of Accident

O Exposure to Organic Solvent

O Evaluation of Local Exhaust Ventilation System

37

Work related injuries and fatalities

Rate of reported work related injuries in this country reduce significantly from 13 per 1000 workers in 1996 to 6.1 per 1000 workers in 2007. However after showing of steady reduction of work related fatality rate from 15.5 per 100000 workers in 1996 to 9.5 per 100000 workers in 2002, rate of work related fatality increased steadily to 12.9 per 100000 workers in 2004 before marginally reduced to 12.4 per 100000 workers in 2007. The increased rate of work related fatality in this country over period of 2002-2005 cause concerned to the government.

38

STRATEGIES

43

STRATEGIES TO INCULCATE SAFETY CULTURE

Development of regulations and standards Legislations, standards, policies, codes of practices and guidelines pertaining to occupational safety, health and welfare are regularly reviewed via tripartite process.

Strategic Enforcement DOSH has been enforcing legislations pertaining to OSH in Malaysia to ensure safety, health and welfare of workers.

Increasing the number of OSH practitioners DOSH has been accrediting and registering individual for their competency in specific fields.

44

DOSH STRATEGY

45

OSH : The way forward

OSH ownership- Dosh 2005-2010

Self regulation- DOSH 2011-2015 Preventive

OSH culture- DOSH 2016-2020

46

OSH : the way forward.

47

CHALLENGES

49

There are three main categories of industries in Malaysia, multinational enterprise and big corporations (MNE), small and medium enterprise (SME) and self employed. Generally MNE organizations having higher status of OSH compared with SME and self employed organizations.

Various challenges need to be overcome before preventive OSH culture become parts of daily life.

50

CHALLENGES

OSH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SME AND INFORMAL SECTOR

NEW TECHNOLOGIES NANO

EMERGING ISSUE ASBESTOS

AGEING POPULATION

SOCIAL MEDIA

51

Impact of Safety Culture

53


The existence of safety culture in the organization can contribute to profit by minimizing loss and adding the capital value of an organization. Companies that invest consistently in safety realize positive bottom line results, reduced absenteeism, lower turnover rates, higher productivity, increased employee moral and positive brand image. Study conducted, found that the typical costs associated with accidents include:

Loss of production

Time and costs due to repair plant and equipment Legal costs

Increased insurance premium Medical expenses Absenteeism

Lower moral of employee leading to poor productivity Unsatisfactory employee relations Low level of motivation

Therefore the available evidence indicates that an effective safety culture is an essential element of any business strategy, as it has so many positive effects on other area of business performance.

54


Quality Better work methods Reduced absenteeism Improved organizational performance Product quality

Reliability Organization structure and processes Reduced human error probabilities Improved of better monitoring and

feedback systems

Competitiveness Lead to development Positively impacts on employees

commitment Loyalty to the organization

Profitability Contribute to profit by minimizing loss Decrease in lost-time accident Reduced compensation cost

55

Conclusion

Principle of safety culture, now become more and more popular and being put into practice around the world. Recent experience indicates that the long-term management of safety calls for approaches goes beyond simple adherence to rules and regulations. Continual improvement in the level of safety requires the development of comprehensive safety culture at all level of organization with visible and consistent leadership from senior management.

Actually safety culture cannot be develops over a short period of time. It takes the commitment of all involved and is develops over time. Developing safety culture is long process of change because it involves human, the most intelligent creature and the most difficult to change.

56

Acknowledgement

Zabidi Dato Md. Adib

Dr Majahar Abd. Rahman

Ir. Mohd Rosdee Yaacob

Ir. Abdul Aziz Salim

Husdin Che Amat

Nazruddin Mat Ali

Noorazman Soud Noor

Noor Azia Muhammad

57

/ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorImageDict > /AntiAliasGrayImages false /CropGrayImages true /GrayImageMinResolution 300 /GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict > /GrayImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayImageDict > /AntiAliasMonoImages false /CropMonoImages true /MonoImageMinResolution 1200 /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict > /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None ] /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile () /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName () /PDFXTrapped /False

/Description > /Namespace [ (Adobe) (Common) (1.0) ] /OtherNamespaces [ > /FormElements false /GenerateStructure true /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false /IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles true /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [ (Adobe) (CreativeSuite) (2.0) ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /NA /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /LeaveUntagged /UseDocumentBleed false >> ]>> setdistillerparams> setpagedevice

1.6 Safety Culture

Documents

Transcript of 1.6 Safety Culture