Chapter Five Ancient Rome and the Rise of Christianity 509 B.C. - 476 A.D.
16. rise of ancient rome f
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History 126 History 126 Dr. Anita L. FisherDr. Anita L. Fisher
Rise of RomeRise of Rome&&
The EtruscansThe Etruscans
JULIUS CAESARJULIUS CAESARJuliusJuliusCaesarCaesar
• Rule by Etruscans’ Monarchy 753-509 Rule by Etruscans’ Monarchy 753-509 b.c.e.b.c.e.
• Roman Republic 509 - 27 b.c.e.Roman Republic 509 - 27 b.c.e.
• Roman Empire 27 b.c.e. - 410 c.e.Roman Empire 27 b.c.e. - 410 c.e.
• Byzantine Empire succeeded Rome in Byzantine Empire succeeded Rome in East until 1453East until 1453
Periods of Roman HistoryPeriods of Roman History
Legacies from Ancient RomeLegacies from Ancient Rome• Greek cultureGreek culture• ReligionReligion• Language – English is 50% Latin basedLanguage – English is 50% Latin based• Romance Languages – Italian, Spanish, French, Romance Languages – Italian, Spanish, French,
Rumanian, PortugueseRumanian, Portuguese• Catholic church’s organizational structure Catholic church’s organizational structure • SenateSenate• LawLaw• Liberal artsLiberal arts• Months of year: January, March, June, July, Months of year: January, March, June, July,
AugustAugust
The EtruscansThe Etruscans• Modern Tuscany – where city of Florence is . . .Modern Tuscany – where city of Florence is . . .
– Borrowed greatly from GreeksBorrowed greatly from Greeks– But not language not decipheredBut not language not deciphered– Rome influenced by EtruscanRome influenced by Etruscan
• ArtArt• City-state political structureCity-state political structure• Alphabet Alphabet • Arch & vaultArch & vault• Burial practices, i.e. GladiatorsBurial practices, i.e. Gladiators• Toga, safety pinToga, safety pin
Etruscan Etruscan HorsesHorses
Gold Gold PennantPennant
WaterWaterJugJug
Safety PinSafety Pin
SarcopogusSarcopogusof Coupleof Couple
Wooden Inlay Wooden Inlay PitcherPitcher
Late 4Late 4thth c. b.c.e. c. b.c.e.
RRISE OF ROME
753 B.C.E.
• Romulus & Remus• Raised by a She wolf• Romulus will kill Remus
• PPeter Paul Rubens – The Rape of the Sabine Women
Roman Republic 509-27 b.c.e.Roman Republic 509-27 b.c.e.
• Rome’s expansion into Italian peninsulaRome’s expansion into Italian peninsula
• Centuries of constant warfareCenturies of constant warfare
• Steady population increaseSteady population increase
• Home land security – rationale for Home land security – rationale for conquestconquest
Why Rome Successful Why Rome Successful in Conqueringin Conquering
• Rome felt it had unique virtuesRome felt it had unique virtues
• Romans subordinated themselves to Romans subordinated themselves to larger scenelarger scene
• Romans usually generous with people she Romans usually generous with people she conqueredconquered
• Success of armySuccess of army
Horatio at the BridgeHoratio at the Bridge
King King PyrrhusPyrrhusof Epirusof Epirus
Pyrrhic VictoryPyrrhic Victory““One more such victory over One more such victory over
the Romans and we are the Romans and we are utterly undone”utterly undone”
RomanRomanGeneral’sGeneral’s
CrownCrown
TortoiseTortoiseFormationFormation
Tortoise FormationTortoise Formation
Roman RoadsRoman Roads– Eventually 53,000 miles of roadsEventually 53,000 miles of roads– Appian road – 1Appian road – 1stst road built c. 300 b.c.e. road built c. 300 b.c.e.– MapsMaps– SignpostsSignposts– Mile markersMile markers– Straight, strongly builtStraight, strongly built
The Appian WayThe Appian Way
Appian WayAppian Way
AppianAppianWayWay
Structure of Roman Structure of Roman GovernmentGovernment
• Once Etruscan monarchy overthrownOnce Etruscan monarchy overthrown
• Replaced by republican form of govtReplaced by republican form of govt
• 2 Consuls replaced king2 Consuls replaced king
• Consuls elected annually by SenateConsuls elected annually by Senate– Commanded armyCommanded army– Supervised administration of stateSupervised administration of state– Veto power over each otherVeto power over each other
Way Society Really WorkedWay Society Really Worked• ClientageClientage
– PatronsPatrons– ClientsClients
• PatronsPatrons– Provided clients with jobs, money, food, etc.Provided clients with jobs, money, food, etc.
• Clients provided patrons with support Clients provided patrons with support politicallypolitically
Roman SenateRoman Senate• Initially 300 heads of patrician families or Initially 300 heads of patrician families or
clansclans
• Real power of roman republicReal power of roman republic
• Advised consulsAdvised consuls
• Appointed for lifeAppointed for life
• Supervised militarySupervised military
• Supervised finances & administration of Supervised finances & administration of areas Rome conqueredareas Rome conquered
Reconstructed Roman SenateReconstructed Roman Senate
Ancient Roman Senator• Ancient Roman
Senator
Roman SocietyRoman Society
• Rome divided into 2 major groupsRome divided into 2 major groups– PatriciansPatricians
• Wealthy landownersWealthy landowners• SenatorsSenators• Less than 10% of populationLess than 10% of population• Ran law courtsRan law courts
– PlebeiansPlebeians• Rest of society excluding slaves & womenRest of society excluding slaves & women• Intermarriage between patricians & plebeians prohibitedIntermarriage between patricians & plebeians prohibited• Eventually established own assembliesEventually established own assemblies
– Tribune, centuriateTribune, centuriate
Slaves 33%
Roman SocietyRoman SocietyPatricians 10%
Plebeians 57%
Roman CitizenshipRoman Citizenship• Civitas Romanus Sum – I Am A Roman Civitas Romanus Sum – I Am A Roman
CitizenCitizen
• Important RightsImportant Rights– Right To Vote At RomeRight To Vote At Rome– Right To Be Tried In RomeRight To Be Tried In Rome– Only Citizens Allowed To Wear TogaOnly Citizens Allowed To Wear Toga
Rome’s Expansion Rome’s Expansion Beyond ItalyBeyond Italy
• Punic WarsPunic Wars– 3 Wars With Phoenicians Or 3 Wars With Phoenicians Or
CarthagiansCarthagians
– Both Sides Wanted Control Of Trade & Both Sides Wanted Control Of Trade & Mediterranean Sea & SicilyMediterranean Sea & Sicily
– Most Famous Carthagian – HannibalMost Famous Carthagian – Hannibal
• Battle Of Cannae 216 B.C.E.Battle Of Cannae 216 B.C.E.
HannibalHannibal
Site of Battle of CannaeSite of Battle of Cannae
The Battle of CannaeThe Battle of Cannae
Battle of ZamaBattle of Zama
CarthageCarthage
Carthage HarborCarthage Harbor