16-OWJ200106 WCDMA Handover Principal (With Comment) ISSUE1.0
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Transcript of 16-OWJ200106 WCDMA Handover Principal (With Comment) ISSUE1.0
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved
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OWJ200106 WCDMA OWJ200106 WCDMA Handover PrincipleHandover Principle
ISSUE 1.0ISSUE 1.0
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Why mobile communication systems need handover?Why mobile communication systems need handover?
It is decided by the characters of mobile systemIt is decided by the characters of mobile system
The mobility of UEThe mobility of UE
The mobile system is composed by cells which The mobile system is composed by cells which the coverage ability is limitedthe coverage ability is limited
Providing the continuous service in mobile Providing the continuous service in mobile communication system is the basic element in communication system is the basic element in QoSQoS
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Upon completion of this course, you will be able Upon completion of this course, you will be able
to learn:to learn:
The basic definitions of handoverThe basic definitions of handover
The algorithms of handover decision The algorithms of handover decision
The handover signalling flowThe handover signalling flow
The parameters of handoverThe parameters of handover
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Chapter 1 Introduction of HandoverChapter 1 Introduction of Handover
Chapter 2 Measurement of HandoverChapter 2 Measurement of Handover
Chapter 3 The Basic HandoversChapter 3 The Basic Handovers
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The Purpose of Handover
Providing the continuous service in mobile Providing the continuous service in mobile
communication system is the basic element in QoScommunication system is the basic element in QoS
The load balance: sharing the resource The load balance: sharing the resource
The hierarchy divided by speed and service: high The hierarchy divided by speed and service: high
efficiency of using resource efficiency of using resource
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The Basic Concepts of Handover
Active SetActive Set Monitored SetMonitored Set Detected set Detected set Event reportingEvent reporting
Event reporting to Periodic reportingEvent reporting to Periodic reporting Periodic reportingPeriodic reporting Radio Link (RL)Radio Link (RL) Radio Link Set (RLS)Radio Link Set (RLS) Combination way:Combination way:
maximum ratio combinationmaximum ratio combination selection combinationselection combination
The soft handover gainThe soft handover gain CPICHCPICH Soft handover, softer handover, hard handoverSoft handover, softer handover, hard handover
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The Categories of Handover
According to the signaling characters:According to the signaling characters:
Soft handover (softer handover)Soft handover (softer handover)
Hard handoverHard handover
According to the properties of source cell and target cellAccording to the properties of source cell and target cell
Intra-frequency handoverIntra-frequency handover
Inter-frequency handoverInter-frequency handover
Inter-system handover (UMTS <-> GSM)Inter-system handover (UMTS <-> GSM)
According to the purpose of handoverAccording to the purpose of handover
Based on CoverageBased on Coverage
Based on Load (Optional)Based on Load (Optional)
Based on mobility of UE (Optional)Based on mobility of UE (Optional)
Based on Service (Optional)Based on Service (Optional)
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The Characters of Different Handovers
ItemItem Soft HandoverSoft Handover Hard HandoverHard Handover
The numbers of RL in The numbers of RL in
active set after active set after
handoverhandover
Several Several OneOne
Interruption during Interruption during
handoverhandover
NoNo YesYes
The frequencies of cellsThe frequencies of cells Only happened in Only happened in
Intra-frequency Intra-frequency
cellscells
Can be happened in Can be happened in Intra-Intra-
frequency cells or Inter-frequency cells or Inter-
frequency cellsfrequency cells
Comparison between soft handover and hard handover:Comparison between soft handover and hard handover:
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The Characters of Different Handovers
Comparison between soft handover and softer handover:Comparison between soft handover and softer handover:
During softer handover, the uplink signaling are combined in NodeB by During softer handover, the uplink signaling are combined in NodeB by
maximum ratio combination, but during soft handover they are maximum ratio combination, but during soft handover they are
combined in RNC by selection combinationcombined in RNC by selection combination
Compare to later one, the maximum ratio combination can get more Compare to later one, the maximum ratio combination can get more
gain. So the performance of maximum ration combination is bettergain. So the performance of maximum ration combination is better
Since softer handover is completed in NodeB, it do not consume Since softer handover is completed in NodeB, it do not consume
transport resource of Iubtransport resource of Iub
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RNC
NodeB 2NodeB 1
Soft Handover
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RNC (WFMR)
NodeB
Softer Handover
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Hard Handover
RNC
NodeB 2NodeB 1
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Three Steps of Handover
Decision
Execute
Measurement
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Chapter 1 Introduction of HandoverChapter 1 Introduction of Handover
Chapter 2 Measurement of HandoverChapter 2 Measurement of Handover
Chapter 3 The Basic HandoversChapter 3 The Basic Handovers
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Chapter 2 Measurement of HandoverChapter 2 Measurement of Handover
2.1 Measurement control and measurement report2.1 Measurement control and measurement report
2.2 The basic definitions of measurement2.2 The basic definitions of measurement
2.3 Measurement event2.3 Measurement event
2.4 Compressed mode2.4 Compressed mode
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Measurement Control, normal case
UE UTRAN
MEASUREMENT CONTROL
Measurement Control
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Measurement Control
Measurement Control, normal case
UE UTRAN
MEASUREMENT CONTROL
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Measurement Control, normal case
UE UTRAN
MEASUREMENT REPORT
Measurement Report
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Chapter 2 Measurement of HandoverChapter 2 Measurement of Handover
2.1 Measurement control and measurement report2.1 Measurement control and measurement report
2.2 The basic definitions of measurement2.2 The basic definitions of measurement
2.3 Measurement event2.3 Measurement event
2.4 Compressed mode2.4 Compressed mode
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The Basic Concepts of Measurement
The measurement quantities of HandoverThe measurement quantities of Handover
Soft handover and Intra-frequency hard handover : CPICH RSCP, CPICH Ec/N0, Soft handover and Intra-frequency hard handover : CPICH RSCP, CPICH Ec/N0, Path lossPath loss
Inter-frequencyInter-frequency :: CPICH RSCP, CPICH Ec/N0CPICH RSCP, CPICH Ec/N0
Inter-systemInter-system :: GSM Carrier RSSI, BSIC Identification, BSIC ReconfirmationGSM Carrier RSSI, BSIC Identification, BSIC Reconfirmation
The reporting methods of measurementThe reporting methods of measurement
Periodic reporting Periodic reporting
Event reportingEvent reporting
The events of reportingThe events of reporting
Intra-frequency eventsIntra-frequency events :: 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1F1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1F
Inter-frequency events Inter-frequency events :: 2D, 2F, 2B, 2C2D, 2F, 2B, 2C
Inter-system events Inter-system events :: 3A, 3C3A, 3C
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Measurement Model
Layer 1filtering
Layer 3filtering
Evaluationof reporting
criteria
A DB C
C'
parameters parameters
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Measurement Model
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Reporting Criterion
Reporting CriterionReporting Criterion
Decision formula: for example, 1A event :Decision formula: for example, 1A event :
Path LossPath Loss
Other measurement (Ec/N0 or RSCP )Other measurement (Ec/N0 or RSCP ) ::
),2/(10)1(1010 11
aBest
N
iiNew HRLogMWMLogWLogM
A
),2/(10)1(1010 11
aBest
N
iiNew HRLogMWMLogWLogM
A
New cell
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Key Parameters
△ T △ T △ T
1A Event 1B Event Nottri ggered
Report i ngRange
Hyst
C
B
ACPI CHEc/ No
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Chapter 2 Measurement of HandoverChapter 2 Measurement of Handover
2.1 Measurement control and measurement report2.1 Measurement control and measurement report
2.2 The basic definitions of measurement2.2 The basic definitions of measurement
2.3 Measurement event2.3 Measurement event
2.4 Compressed mode2.4 Compressed mode
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Intra-frequency Measurement Events
Intra-frequency measurement report events are identified with 1X :
1A : A primary pilot channel enters the reporting range. When the
active set of UE is full, UE stops reporting 1A event;
1B : A primary pilot channel leaves the reporting range;
1C : The primary pilot channel in a non active set is better than the
primary pilot channel in an active set;
1D : The best cell changes;
1F : The measurement value of a primary pilot channel become
lower than the absolute threshold
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Inter-frequency Measurement Events
Inter-frequency measurement events are identified with 2X
2B : The estimated quality value of the used frequency is lower than a certain threshold, and that of the non-used frequency is higher than a certain threshold;
2C : The estimated quality value of the non-used frequency is higher than a certain threshold;
2D : The estimated quality value of the used frequency is lower than a certain threshold
2F : The estimated quality value of the used frequency is higher than a certain threshold
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Inter-system Measurement Events
Inter-system measurement events are identified with 3X
3A : The estimated quality value of the used UTRAN frequen
cy is lower than a certain threshold, and that of the other syst
em is higher than a certain threshold;
3C : The estimated quality value of the other system is highe
r than a certain threshold ;
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Chapter 2 Measurement of HandoverChapter 2 Measurement of Handover
2.1 Measurement control and measurement report2.1 Measurement control and measurement report
2.2 The basic definitions of measurement2.2 The basic definitions of measurement
2.3 Measurement event2.3 Measurement event
2.4 Compressed mode2.4 Compressed mode
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The Purpose of Compressed mode
Purpose:
Measure the inter-frequency cell or inter-system cell under F
DD mode
Categories :
Downlink compressed:
Uplink compressed
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Compressed Mode Sketch Map
One frame(10 ms) Transmission gap available for
inter-frequency measurements
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The realization Methods of Compressed mode
Realization Methods
SF/2
Higher layer scheduling
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Chapter 1 Introduction of HandoverChapter 1 Introduction of Handover
Chapter 2 Measurement of HandoverChapter 2 Measurement of Handover
Chapter 3 The Basic HandoversChapter 3 The Basic Handovers
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Chapter 3 The Basic HandoversChapter 3 The Basic Handovers
3.1 Soft Handover3.1 Soft Handover
3.2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover3.2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover
3.3 Inter-frequency Hard Handover3.3 Inter-frequency Hard Handover
3.4 Inter-system Hard Handover3.4 Inter-system Hard Handover
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Brief Introduction of Soft Handover
Characters of Soft Handover
During handover, UE has several RLs with different cells----
active set.
The handover among different cells which are in same RLS
can be softer handover.
− Soft handover:
▪ Selection combination in uplink
▪ Maximum combination in downlink
− Softer handover
▪ Maximum combination in uplink and downlink
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Brief Introduction of Soft Handover Advantages
Soft handover gain
Load balance
Decrease the possibility of call drop caused by ping-pong handover.
Disadvantages
More resource needed in downlink, especially for the code resource
of BE service.
Usually, the gain of downlink power is negative.
When the downlink power from different cells is not balanced, it will
bring side-effect.
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Measurement of Soft Handover
The measurement of soft handover/softer handover
Measurement value: CPICH RSCP、 CPICH Ec/No、 Pathloss
Process of Measurement: Layer 1 filter, Layer 3 filter
Reporting way
− Periodic reporting
− Event reporting
▪ Event type: 1A、 1B、 1C、 1D、 1F
▪ UE measures the time difference between CFN and SFN
▪ Reporting rules: trigger condition, Relative threshold, Absolute threshold, Hysteresis, Time to trigger
− Event reporting to periodic reporting
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The Decision Algorithm of Soft Handover
Soft /softer handover decision
1A : Radio Link Addition
1B : Radio Link Removal
1C : Combined Radio Link Addition
and Removal
1D : Change best cell
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The Execution of Soft Handover
Soft handover execution
The update principal of measurement control
− Configure the neighbor cells and the parameters according to best cell
RLC mode
− AM mode is used for measurement control
− UM mode is used for measurement report
The compensation and restriction of soft handover
− From event reporting to periodic reporting
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Soft Handover Flow (add RL)
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Soft Handover Flow (del RL)
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Key Parameters
Relative threshold
Time to trigger
Layer 3 filter coefficient
Absolute threshold of soft handover
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Chapter 3 The Basic HandoversChapter 3 The Basic Handovers
3.1 Soft Handover3.1 Soft Handover
3.2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover3.2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover
3.3 Inter-frequency Hard Handover3.3 Inter-frequency Hard Handover
3.4 Inter-system Hard Handover3.4 Inter-system Hard Handover
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The Characters of Intra-frequency Hard Handover Characters
UE only has one RL with one cell in the process of handover
Disconnect UE with the original cell, then hand it over to target cell
The working frequency of source cell and target cell are same
Advantages
Enhance the using efficiency of the OVSF code and hardware resource
Disadvantages
High call drop possibility because of the intra-frequency interference
Application scenarios
Without Iur interface between two RNCs or the Iur interface congestion (only happened in inter-RNC handover)
The different strategies can be used for different conditions, from the aspects of code resource, QoS and so on.
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The Measurement, Decision and Execution of Intra-frequency Hard Handover
Measurement
Similar to soft handover Decision
1D event Execution
UE reports CFN-SFN information
− Synchronization hard handover
− Use the original DOFF value
− Continuous CFN
UE does not report CFN-SFN information
− The hard handover based on timing
− Re-configure DOFF
− Calculate CFN according to DOFF
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Intra-frequency Hard Handover Flow
UE
1.RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST
Target NODEB
Source NODEB SRNC
2. RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE
3.ALCAP establish
4. PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION
5. RADIO LINK FAILURE INDICATION
6. PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE
7. RADIO LINK DELETION REQUEST
8. RADIO LINK DELETION RESPONSE
9.ALCAP release
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Key Parameters
Handover decision threshold based on BE service bitrate
UE should do soft handover when the bitrate of BE
service is less than the threshold.
UE should do intra-frequency hard handover when the
bitrate of BE service is greater than the threshold.
The parameters about 1D event:
Time to trigger, hysteresis
The parameters should be set according to the QoS
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Chapter 3 The Basic HandoversChapter 3 The Basic Handovers
3.1 Soft Handover3.1 Soft Handover
3.2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover3.2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover
3.3 Inter-frequency Hard Handover3.3 Inter-frequency Hard Handover
3.4 Inter-system Hard Handover3.4 Inter-system Hard Handover
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The Brief Introduction of Inter-frequency Hard Handover
Characters
The working frequency is different after handover
The compressed mode needed if the UE only has one
receiver
Usually, the timing re-initiation hard handover is used
for hard handover
Application scenarios
Disconnected coverage
Handover based on load
Hierarchy cells
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Measurement Values and Events
The Inter-frequency hard handover measurement valu
es
Measurement values:
− CPICH RSCP、 CPICH Ec/No
Different handover purpose for different measurem
ent type:
− In the edge of carrier coverage: CPICH RSCP
− In the center of carrier coverage: CPICH Ec/No
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Compressed Mode Initiation
Conditions for measurement initiated
2D event : The estimated quality value of the used
frequency is lower than a certain threshold
Conditions for Measurement stopping
2F event : The estimated quality value of the used
frequency is higher than a certain threshold
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Cells Hierarchy Algorithm Based on UE Moving Speed
When UE is in one of the hierarchy cells, the moving speed
estimation algorithm is initiated
Handover events in a while decides whether the speed
of UE satisfies the current cell hierarchy condition
UE’s moving speed decided the result.
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Decision Algorithm
The inter-frequency hard handover decision
The coverage triggers the handover
− 2B event:▪ the quality in the used frequency is lower than ab
solute threshold, but the quality in another non-used frequency is higher than another absolute threshold.
The UE moving speed triggers handover
− 2C event:▪ the quality in another frequency is higher than an
absolute threshold
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Inter-frequency Hard Handover Signaling Flow
UE
1.RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST
Target NODEB
Source NODEB SRNC
2. RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE
3.ALCAP established
4. PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION
5. RADIO LINK FAILURE INDICATION
6. PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE
7. RADIO LINK DELETION REQUEST
8. RADIO LINK DELETION RESPONSE
9.ALCAP released
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Key Parameters (I) Parameters of Inter-frequency handover based on coverage:
Inter-frequency measurement reporting: periodic reporting or event reporting
Inter-frequency measurement values: CPICH Ec/No or CPICH RSCP
Inter-frequency measurement layer 3 filter coefficient, trigger delay time and hysteresis
Inter-frequency initiated and stopped threshold: Considering the different demands of CPICH Ec/No and CPICH RSCP for PS domain and CS domain, the different 2D and 2F parameters are configured.
Inter-frequency handover based on coverage: the quality threshold of target cell
Used frequency quality threshold for inter-frequency hard handover
The minimum access threshold for inter-frequency hard handover
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Key Parameters (II)
Parameters of Inter-frequency handover based
on non-coverage
Inter-frequency measurement layer 3 filter
coefficient, trigger delay time and hysteresis
Threshold of Inter-frequency handover based
on non-coverage
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Chapter 3 The Basic HandoversChapter 3 The Basic Handovers
3.1 Soft Handover3.1 Soft Handover
3.2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover3.2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover
3.3 Inter-frequency Hard Handover3.3 Inter-frequency Hard Handover
3.4 Inter-system Hard Handover3.4 Inter-system Hard Handover
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The Brief Introduction of Inter-system Hard Handover
Application scenarios
WCDMA FDD <- >GSM
Characters
Different radio access technology is used after handover
Usually, compressed mode should be used to help the measurement
Advantages
For coverage, it can solve the problems from one system to another system
For capacity, it can enhance the utilizing efficiency of old equipments(2G->3G)
Disadvantages
The flow is complicated, and it demands higher compatibility for equipments
Demands more complicated UE
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Compressed Mode Initiated
The inter-system measurement (GSM measurement)
Measurement type:
− GSM Carrier RSSI
− BSIC Identification
− BSIC Reconfirmation
The process of measurement: layer 1 filter, layer 3 filter
Measurement reporting
− Event reporting
▪ 2D Event: initiate GSM measurement
▪ 2F Event: stop GSM measurement
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Decision Algorithm
Inter-system handover based on coverage
Event reporting:
− 3A event: The estimated quality value of the used UTRAN
frequency is lower than a certain threshold, and that of the other
system is higher than a certain threshold.
Periodic reporting:
− Evaluation: According to the periodic reported GSM RSSI
measurement value and the BSIC confirming state of target cell of
GSM system, and meanwhile the UE evaluates the GSM RSSI of
target cell is greater than the absolute threshold, then consider
the cell confirmed by BSIC.
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Decision Algorithm
Inter-system handover based on non-coverage
Event reporting
3C event: The estimated quality value of the other
system is higher than a absolute threshold.
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1. Relocation Required 2. Prepare
Handover 3. Handover
Request
4. Handover Request Ack
12. Iu Release Command
13. Iu Release Complete 14. Send End
Signal Response
5. Prepare Handover Response
6. Relocation Command
7. DCCH : Handover from UTRAN Command
8. Handover
Detect
9. Handover Complete
10. Handover Complete
11. Send End
Signal Request
UE Node B SRNC CN MSC BSC
Inter-system Handover Flow
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Key Parameters (I) Parameters of inter-system handover based on coverage
Inter-system measurement initiated and stopped threshold: Considering the different demands of CPICH Ec/No and CPICH RSCP for PS domain and CS domain, the different 2D and 2F parameters are configured
Inter-system measurement values (2D, 2F)
− CPICH Ec/No
− CPICH RSCP
BSIC confirmed (Optional)
Inter-system handover caused by coverage parameters
− configure the GSM RSSI threshold of CS domain and PS domain separately
Using inter-system frequency quality handover threshold
Configure the trigger delay time, hysteresis for each event
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Key Parameters (II)
Parameters of inter-system handover based on non-coverage
The decision threshold for inter-system handover: configure the
CS, PS separately
Trigger delay time
Configure BSIC with acknowledged and unacknowledged mode
Inter-frequency measurement layer 3 filter coefficient and
hysteresis
Penalty time
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