• 16-18 A

• 14-15 B

• 13 C

• 11-12 D

• 0-10 F

• Week Sixteen (December 14-18)• Day 1- Quiz Chapter 16 • Day 2-Prepare discussion questions and

Read HR 31-36- (GRAPES-Rise of Absolute Monarchs, Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment)

• Week Seventeen (January 4-8)• Day 1- Quiz Chapter 17 and prepare

discussion questions --- Happy New Year!!• Day 2-Read HR 118-128 (GRAPES-Spain in

North America, Spain in South America, Brazil, French N America, English N America)

Protestant Reformation• Guttenberg • Martin Luther

– indulgences– salvation could be by faith– based on the Bible

• John Calvin– Predestination

• Council of Trent– Jesuits – “Catholic Reformation.”

• Wars of religion

Supernatural

Witch-hunts

Superstition

The Scientific Revolution• Greeks and the Romans

• Copernicus

• Galileo

• suppressed

• Isaac Newton’s

• Francis Bacon

• Rene Descartes

Early Enlightenment

• Government, religion, economics, and education

• Reason, nature, happiness, progress, and liberty.

• Thomas Hobbs – social contract

• Between government and people

• John Locke – natural rights

• Life, Liberty, property .

Enlightenment Cont.

• Voltaire – Freedom of expression

• Montesquieu – separation of powers

• Rousseau – General Will of the people

• secular

• Individuality

Changing Soc-Political Patterns I• State Development

– absolutist rulers– Bourgeoisie– alliances with commercial elites

• Charles– Spain

• England (Part I)– Henry VIII

• England (Part II) English Civil War – Oliver Cromwell

• England (Part III) The Glorious Revolution– William and Mary– Bill of Rights

Changing Soc-Political Patterns II

• France – Estates General– Louis XIV – Colbert– Versailles

• Standing armies- navies

• English Royal Navy defeated Spain’s Catholic Armada

• France, Britain, Austria, and Russia

• Netherlands

Economic Changes

• Bourgeoisie• manufacturing, finance, trade• joint-stock companies and stock exchanges• African slaves contributed greatly to Europe's

economy• New World crops• Spain• alliances with commercial elites• Netherlands

– Amsterdam

• 1.        In what different ways did climate change and environmental degradation affect European societies during the period 1500–1750?

• 2.        What were the long-term political effects of the Protestant Reformation?

• 3.        What role did governments play in the development of the Western European economy?

• 4.        What factors spurred the technological development during this period? Are there particular conditions that favor technological innovation?

• 5.        Analyze and discuss the significance of the differences between absolutism and constitutionalism.

• 6.        In what ways did the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment challenge the intellectual and political status quo in early modern Europe ?