15.Hydro Turbine -Types
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Transcript of 15.Hydro Turbine -Types
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: ny o var ous mac nes n w c e
energy of a moving fluid is
impulse or reaction of the fluid with a
, ,
arrayed about the circumference of a
wheel or c linder.
energy
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Two types of water turbine:
Impulse turbine and Reaction turbine
Impulse turbine : a turbine that is driven by jets
directed a ainst the blades
to develop torque from gradual
to exhaust
Can be classified by low head, medium head and
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Types of impulse turbine :
,medium head : Crossflow, Turgo, Multi-jet Pelton
medium head : Francis
ow ea : rope er, ap an
e on rope er
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eac on ur ne
acted on by water, which changes pressure
blades
fixed blades shaped and mounted to providenozzle-shaped spaces between the blades
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Reaction turbine is moved by 2 main forces
1. the reactive force produced on the moving
blades when the fluid changes direction
2. the push or impulse of the fluid impinging uponthe blades
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mpu se ur ne changes velocity of the water jet
et im in es on the turbine which reverses the
flow resulting in change in momentum.
water pressure is converted to kinetic
.
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Power
e power ava a e n a s ream o wa er s;
Where:
= turbine efficiency
= 3
g = acceleration of gravity (9.81 m/s2)
h = head m . For still water this is the difference inheight between the inlet and outlet water surface.
Moving water has an additional component added to.head equals the pressure head plus velocity head.
= flow rate m3/s
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Francis turbineTheory of Operation
Casement is needed to contain the water flow.The turbine is located between the high
water exit
runner causing the runner to spin
spinning radius decreases
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High flow low flow
Francis turbine with generator
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Pelton consists of a wheel with a series
of split buckets set around its rim
a high velocity jet of water is directed
The jet hits each bucket and is
s lit in half so that each half is
turned and deflected back almostthrough 180
Nearly all the energy of the water
goes into propelling the bucket
a discharge channel below.
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Tur o
the jet is designed to strikethe lane of the runner at anangle (typically 20) so that
the water enters the runner on .
Therefore the flow rate is notlimited by the discharged fluid
n er er ng w e ncom ng e(as is the case with Peltonturbines .
As a consequence, a Turgo
turbine can have a smallerame er runner an a e onfor an equivalent power.
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Crossflow a drum-like rotor with a solid
disk at each end and gutter-
two disks
A et of water enters the toof the rotor through thecurved blades, emerging on
passing through the blades a2nd time
shape of the blades is suchthat on each passage
rotor the water transferssome of its momentum,
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focus on economical performance,
environmental efficiency, reliability,easy- o-serv ce es gns, an ong serv ce e
turbine blade is designed to optimize the energycapture
use power electronics to allow for variable rotorspeed operation to improve efficiency, control
structural loads and improve power quality