NATIONAL UNIVERSITY “PEDRO RUIZ GALLO”

“MALNUTRITION WORLDWIDE”

HUMAN MEDICAL SCHOOL

PROFESSOR :

COURSE :

TEAM :

MEDICAL ENGLISH

ROSA GONZALES LLONTOP

N°03

INTEGRANTS : -CASTRO REQUEJO, BETO-FLORES HUACHEZ, DIANA-LLANCA BRAVO, LILYAN-SANTACRUZ CARRASCO, CARECA-SAYAGO GRANDA, LUIS-TAFUR MUÑOZ, DAVID

MALNUTRITIONWORLDWIDE

DEFINITION

According to WHO , the malnutrition is inadequate food intake continuously, which is insufficient to meet dietary

energy requirements, this may be due to poor absorption and / or poor

biological use of nutrients consumed.

TYPES OF MALNUTRITION

SEVEREMALNUTRITIO

N

MODERATE ACUTE

MALNUTRITION

CHRONICMALNUTRITIO

N

The most severe form

Require urgent medical attention

-Alter all the vital processes of the child.-Very high rises the risk of death.

because

The child has low weight for their height

Requires immediate treatment to prevent it from getting worse.

A lack of basic nutrients for a long time

Delay in physical and mental development of children

over time

Causes

Must be treated before 2 years of age

MOST COMMON INDICATORS OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS

TABLE 1 : MOST COMMON INDICATORS OF NUTRITIONAL STATUSGROUPS INDICATORS BRIEF EXPLANATIONCHILDREN Stunting

Wasting underweight

Night blindness

Growth retardation (poverty)

Low weight – for – height

Low weigth – for age

Vitamin A deficiency

ADULTS BMI

TGR

Low Body Mass Index

Total goiter rate (iodine deficiency)

CHILDREN AND WOMEN

Anemia Iron defiency

CHARACTERISTICS

the cause of low birth weight is poor fetal development.

Born annually in the world some 24 million children are underweight (less than 2.5 kg)

represents 17% of all births

which

Most of these children born in developing countries

CLINICAL SIGNS OF MALNUTRITION

EYE

Dry eyespale conjunctivaBitot's spots (vitamin A)periorbital edema

MOUTH

Angular stomatitisGlossitisspongy bleeding gums (vitamin C)

HAIR

DullSparsebrittle hairHypopigmentationalopecia

SKELETAL

Deformities usually aresult of calcium, vitamin D, or vitamin C deficiencies

SKIN

Loose and wrinkled (marasmus)shiny and edematous (kwashiorkor)dry erosionspoor wound healing

CAUSES

Basic causes

Poverty Inequality Scarce education of the mothers

Underlying causesLack of access to food Lack of health care Water and sanitation

insalubrious

CAUSES OF MALNUTRITION

Immediate causesInsufficient feeding Inadequate attention Diseases

MAIN FACTORS CAUSING

MALNUTRITION

Insufficient food intake

Includes factors:

Economic

Psychological

Educational

Cultural

Digestive Disorders

Mouth lesions, stomach or

esophagus

Insufficient absorption of food

Intestinal malabsorption, diarrhea

or gastrointestinal wounds

Intestinal Obstruction

The increased nutritional needs

Fever, infection, multiple trauma, cancer, surgery, respiratory failure, heart failure, HIV, endocrine disorders Excess physical activity

CONSEQUENCES OF MALNUTRITION

The best nutrition is a condition necessary for economic growth and social

Malnutrition is not just a problem of people affected, also affects the whole society

CONSEQUENCES OF MALNUTRITION

INCREASED COSTSPRODUCTIVITY

SOCIAL INCLUSION ISSUES

ATTRITION

Neurological development

Acute and chronic

morbidityMortality Academic results

Malnutrition is a problem

ethical, social and economic

MALNUTRITION

poor school performance

Malnutrition in early life leads to permanent disorders

Malnourished children are more likely to become short

adults.

The growth retardation is linked with cognitive development, academic performance and

educational attainment.

Delay in growth during the first two years of life leads to low

economic productivity in adulthood

The rapid increase in weight after malnutrition increases the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood

Children with restricted growth

during gestation and the first two years of life and subsequently

Increase weight quickly are more

likely to have high blood pressure

Diabetes and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases

as adults

Percentage of children

under 5 years

weighing less than the median

International population

PREVALENCE OF MALNUTRITIONis the

with a

of

840 million

people are

affected by

malnutrition

398 million are children

109 million people

suffer from food

insufficiency

230 million are stunted

50 million suffer from

extreme malnutrition

Chronic malnutrition in children under 5

years worldwide

PERCENTAGE OF MALNUTRITION AT VARIOUS COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE

POLICIES TO COMBAT MALNUTRITION

The united nations general

assembly

UNICEF

In over 150 countries and

territories to help children survive and thrive, from early childhood

through adolescence.

UNICEF working

areas worldwide

Supports child health and childhood

nutrition, water supply and

sanitation, the provision of quality basic education for

all children and protecting children

from violence, exploitation

The convention on the rights

the child

Recognizes the right of every child

to a standard of living adequate for physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social, in

addition of course to recognize their

right to life and survival.

Millennium development goals(OMD)

Directed in the year 2000 by 198 countries

8 goals broken down into specific and measurable goals

to be achieved by 2015

Millennium development goals

ALLIANCE OF 1000 DAYS

Promotes action and intervention to improve nutrition of mothers and children during the period of 1000 days, ranging from pregnancy to 2 years old child.

Governments Join Private Sector and civil society organizations to promote and strengthen early nutrition policies in countries in development, unicef is a member of this initiative

THANKS!