15152926 Answers

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ANSWERS 125

Answers

TOPIC 1: DEFINING AND DESCRIBING

Activity 1.1

1. Doctor

2. Truck

Activity 1.2

(a) A laser is a device that produces beams of a special kind of light, a laserlight.

(b) A laser beam looks like a straight, almost solid yet transparent rod of intense light. A laser beam is made up of light of only one colour, unlikeordinary light which is a combination of many colours.

(c) Lasers are used in the production of all kinds of things from cars, clothingand microchips to books.

Activity 1.31.

Term General Class Specific Features

An astronomer is a scientist who studies the universe.

A barometer is an instrument that measures air pressure.

A laboratory is a place where experiments are conducted.

A fireman is a person who assists during emergencies.

Conduction is a process by which heat is transferred.

2.

Term Specific Features General Class

Mercury is a liquid metal.

A triangle is a three-sided plane figure.

Asbestos is a fire-resistant mineral.

A dinosaur is a prehistoric reptile.

A cat is a four-legged feline.

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Activity 1.4

Missing component: Explanation of what happens in the combustion chamber,

i.e., fuel is sprayed into the chamber and is ignited.

Activity 1.5

Explanation ChecklistSentence

Number(s)

Name of mechanism 1

General statement about the mechanism/the space shuttle 2

Explain every stage/aspect 3ă11

Summarise the operations Missing

What is missing in the explanation is the concluding statement/s which summarisesthe operations of the mechanism, for example, It is called the shuttle because it can travel back and forth into space. This makes space travel much cheaper .

Activity 1.6

Sentence Order

The submarine is a people carrier that is designed to travel under water. 2

The ballast tanks can be filled with water or emptied to adjust thesubmarineÊs weight.

5

The submarine can dive to various depths simply by adjusting its weight. 3

It does this by way of ballast tanks which are found on the sides of the craft. 4

The latest nuclear powered submarine can stay underwater for months at a time. 6

The submarine is one of the most fascinating crafts. 1

Activity 1.7

1. C

2. B

3. D

4. A

5. B

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Activity 1.8

(1) Active

(2) Active

(3) Passive

(4) Passive

(5) Passive

(6) Passive

(7) Passive

(8) Passive

(9) Passive

Activity 1.9

1. (a) Camera ă An instrument that is used to take photographsor capture images.

(b) Butterfly ă A six-legged insect with colourful wings and aliking for nectar.

(c) Geologyă

The scientific study of the earthÊs structure.(d) Aquarium ă An equipment used to keep or rear fish.

(e) Bridge ă A construction built over valleys, rivers,ravines, gaps, etc.

2. A rocket is propelled by liquid fuel. The propellant is pumped from thestorage tanks to the combustion chamber. The pump is driven by a turbine,which is spun by gas produced in a gas generator. In the combustionchamber, the fuel and oxidiser form an explosive mixture. The mixture

burns fiercely into gases that escape as a powerful jet. This jet propels therocket at speeds of up to 28,000 km/h.

3. This is one way by which computer chips are made. Firstly, pure silicon isgrown in a vacuum oven. Next, the silicon is treated with chemicals tomake conduct electricity. After that, the silicon is cut into slices. Then, chip-sized circuits containing components are photographically copied onto eachslice. Next, the silicon slices are placed in a furnace at temperatures of over1000ÀC. Then, the circuits on the chips are tested. After this, slices are cut

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into computer chips. Finally, the chips are placed in plastic cases with goldwires connecting them to the pins on the case.

Note to Tutor/Faciliator: Close variations to answers provided here are accepted.

TOPIC 2: ANALYSING

Activity 2.1

Activity 2.2

ACTIVE SENTENCE PASSIVE SENTENCE

We produce Proton cars in Malaysia. Proton cars are produced in Malaysia.

They discovered the first rubber trees inBrazil.

Rubbers trees were first discovered inBrazil.

Penicillin can cure pneumonia. Pneumonia can be cured by penicillin.

Luigi Galvani invented the electric batteryin 1786.

The electric battery was invented by LuigiGalvani in 1786.

Meteors probably caused the craters on the

moon.

The craters on the moon were probably

caused by meteors.

Activity 2.3

1. When wax is heated, it melts.

2. The gravitational pull of the moon creates ocean tides.

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3. No sound can be heard

when a bell is struck in a vacuum.

4. Chlorophyll makes leaves look green.

5. Severe droughts lead to famine.

6. Carbon dioxide turns solid when frozen.

7. Smoking may result in cancer.

8. Over eating may lead to and hypertension.

9. Driving at high speed and fatigue may result in road accidents.

10. No one was killed because the landslide happened away from the villages.

Activity 2.4

1. Sentence (✓/✗)

(i) The blue whale is the largest living thing. ✗

(ii) The blue whale is bigger than the largest dinosaur. ✓

(iii) The giant sequoia is the tallest tree. ✗

(iv) The Californian redwoods have thicker trunks than the sequoia. ✗

(v) A redwood tree is taller than a space shuttle. ✓

(vi) A jumbo jet is bigger than both the redwood and the sequoia. ✗

(vii) The redwood is the tallest living thing in the world. ✓

(viii) General Sherman is the biggest of all living things. ✓

2. Dolphins and submarines are (similar/different) because they can both be

found underwater. The dolphin is (smaller/larger) than a submarine and in

contrast is much (slower/faster). But, the dolphin is (more/less) agile

compared to the submarine. The dolphin can make quick turns easily

(in contrast/similar) to the submarine. The dolphin (resembles/varies) in

shape to most submarines. The dolphin is a living creature (unlike/similar

obesity

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to) the submarine. The dolphin is as (important/unnecessary) to marine life

as the submarine is to human transportation.

Activity 2.5

1.

No StatementsTick orCross

(i) Each species has a typical sleep pattern. ✓

(ii) All living things need the same amount of sleep. ✗

(iii) Older creatures are affected more if deprived of sleep. ✓

(iv) Sleep helps some animals remain young. ✗

(v) Some animals need sleep to regulate their body temperatures. ✓

2. In each of these pairs of sentences underline the evidence if there are any.

(a) Plastic is impermeable to water but cotton is not. A plastic coatprevents the rain from penetrating, but a cotton coat does not.

(b) Human life exists on Mars. Scientists have found that there is nowater or oxygen on this planet. (The evidence does not support theconclusion.)

(c) Smoking is related to many heart and circulatory ailments. Nicotine in

cigarettes increases the heart rate and places more stress on the heart.

(d) The Arctic Circle has animal life. It is the habitat of penguins andwalruses.

(e) Certain combinations of drugs and alcohol may be fatal. Death hasoccured when drugs and alcohol are used together.

(f) A person travelling south from Malaysia in a straight line is likely to

return to Malaysia eventually. The earth is a sphere.

(g) Alcohol is dangerous for drivers. Alcohol impairs judgment. Drivingunder the influence of alcohol may lead to accidents.

(h) A glass vase dropped on a hard surface is likely to break. Glass isfragile and breakable.

3. (a) The green chlorophyll fades or disappears due to a lack of water.

(b) The sunlight.

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(c) The trapped sugar inside the leaves.

(d) The leaves are unable to receive water from the roots.

4. (a) Leaves turn red, yellow or orange when chlorophyll disintegrates.

(b) When sound waves reflect off a mountain, an echo is heard.

(c) Mercury melts when it is heated to 38.9ÀC.

(d) A person becomes far-sighted when his lens are too thin or hiseyeballs are too short.

(e) When acid is dissolved in water, ions are formed.

5.

Moss Lichen

Where arethey found?

Trees and near factories. Trees, rocks and old walls

What arethey?

Thousands of plants from asingle species.

Two types of plants livingtogether ă a fungus and an alga.

What is theirhabitat?

In damp and cool places. Anywhere except where the airor water is poisoned.

6. (a) Insects help take the pollen from one flower to another.

(b) Some flowers make a sweet juice called nectar that many insects feed on.

(c) Some of the pollen on its body brushes off on the sticky stigma.

(d) Flowers that need the help of insects to make seeds usually have astrong scent.

TOPIC 3: SUMMARISING

Activity 3.1

From economic growth to exports and employment, computers and otherinformation technologies (IT) play an increasingly vital role in the US economy.

Activity 3.2

1 . (a) If we continue to abuse our world, we will almost certainly destroy it.

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(b) To unite people in a long-term struggle towards a goal, charismaticleadership is necessary.

2. (a) Every Malaysian can afford a mobile phone as mobile phones have become cheaper.

(b) Due to the untiring efforts of the government to create an IT-literateMalaysian society, Internet usage has grown tremendously.

(c) The DCR-IP5E camera uses a Carl Zeiss Lens that provides bettercontrast, colour saturation and image brilliance and helps you to getexcellent video and still images.

Activity 3.3

List of Items General Term

1. Dining set, kitchen cabinet Furniture

2. Garden chairs and settee Furniture

3. Medical doctors, engineers Professionals

4. Accountants, architects and lawyers Professionals

5. Marker pens, white paper, stapler Stationery

6.

Masking tapes, envelopes Stationery

Activity 3.4

1. The village of Boudhanath, or Boudha, about 4km east of Kathmandu, is anage-old religious centre for Tibetan traders. Now, the town is a thrivingmarketplace and a social centre.

2. Even though Japan is prone to earthquakes and typhoons, due to soundconstruction, education and communications, its people are less vulnerable

than citizens of poorer nations.

Activity 3.5

1. (a) Jeremy Harold Hendriques, the editor of Computer International.

(b) To help webmasters to choose a suitable web host.

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(c) March 2009.

2. (a) Paragraph 1: Shopping around for a web host

(b) Paragraph 2: Hosting service will be charged according to harddisk space and data transfer volume.

(c) Paragraph 3: The amount of server space and data transfer unitscan vary widely according to sites.

(d) Paragraph 4: It is difficult to judge the server requirements of awebsite.

(e) Paragraph 5: It is important to get flexible rates as its is difficult toproject the server space needs and data transferrequirements.

(f) Paragraph 6: It is critical to keep the website up constantly,therefore it is important to ensure that the hostingservice uses multiple connections.

(g) Paragraph 7: The need for a secure server.

3.

4. When choosing a web host, it is important to decide the complexity of thewebsite and the amount of traffic to be generated. Most hosting servicesoffer a variety of packages and charges based on the hard disk spacerequired and monthly volume of data transfer. The amount of server spaceand data transfer units you need can vary widely. It is difficult to predict

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the amount of disk space needed and the volume of data transfer as thesemight change over time. Therefore, do not to go into a long-term contract.Most providers will allow the monthly switching of packages. So, it is

important to get flexible terms. It is also critical to keep the site upthroughout the day. Most web hosting services will guarantee that the siteis up 95 to 99 percent of the time. This is not good enough. Make sure thehosting service uses multiple connections from different providers to theInternet backbone so that the business can stay online constantly. It is alsoimportant to see that credit is given whenever downtimes exceed theguarantee. Even though it costs a little more, it is important to have a secureserver if you are going to collect personal and credit card information.

TOPIC 4: TECHNICAL GENRE

Activity 4.1

Example:

Activity 4.2

1. The memo was sent to the head of the college, Assoc Prof Dr Tan XianSheng

2. It was from Ms Elise Lee, the Head of the Ad Hoc Committee AgainstHazing.

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3. The problem is that hazing is poorly understood and under-reported because of unclear guidelines.

4. To draw up guidelines on what constitute hazing and propose steps to

overcome it.

5. Any of the three recommendations below:

(a) College departments which work with student organisations shouldcontinue and intensify efforts against hazing, especially efforts to helporganisations distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable

behaviour and to help the organisations develop positive rites of passage for their new members.

(b) A more consistent and centralised system of responding to reportedviolations of college standards.

(c) More centralised coordination and support for departmentaleducation and prevention work against hazing.

(d) All parties involved to meet periodically to discuss hazing casestudies.

6. The attachment presents the proposed new anti-hazing policy whichincludes a clearer working definition of „hazing‰ and recommendationsfrom various bodies on steps to overcome hazing.

Activity 4.3

1. Any three other emoticons, acronyms and jargon that are universallyunderstood.Examples: ;p ;D TTYL

2.

To: Alex/Any other name

From: Lynn Lui<[email protected]/Any address in domain name

system*

Subject: Re: Interview

Hello Alex,

(The reply can come in any form of reaction to the mail, with the

email conventions utilised to maximise intended effect.)

Regards,

Lyn

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Activity 4.4

1. (a) Since/As the neutron is an uncharged particle, no repulsive forces are

exerted on it by the nucleus. (The cause word „since‰ or „as‰introduces a clause.)

(b) Since/As atomic power is not available in sufficient quantity, coal isstill a very valuable source of power. (The cause word „since‰ or „as‰introduces a clause.)

(c) Since/As the apprentices had very little training, their work was verypoor. (The cause word „since‰ or „as‰ introduces a clause.)

(d) Because of/On account of/Due to/Owing to the increase intemperature, there is an increase in pressure. (The cause words here

introduce a phrase.)

(e) Because of/On account of/Due to/Owing to their greater viscosity,liquids are less likely to leak than gases. (The cause words hereintroduce a phrase.)

2. The reasons can run along these lines:

(a) The memo is clearly structured into heading and body for both simplememo and memo report. For the memo report, there is a descriptionof the current situation, some proposed alternatives and

recommendations. There are also opening, closing and summarysegments on the recommendations although the summary may not beexplicitly stated but embedded in the report.

(b) The ideas are stated clearly and precisely and substantiating data aregiven.

3. The cause is radiation exposure. The effect is damage to the cells in thehuman body. The effects these damaged cells can bring about are leukemia,

birth defects in future generations and immediate death.

(a)

(b) The following are three sample sentences:

Cause EffectRadiation exposure Damage to the cells in the human bodyDamaged cells Leukemia

Birth defects in future generationsImmediate death

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Activity 5.2

1.

2. Examples of visuals and their functions:

(a) Pie chart ă Shows percentages that make up a whole;

(b) Table ă Compares numerical data;

(c) Exploded view ă Presents exaggerated parts of an object as thoughthey have been taken apart, providing a better view of internalfunctions; and

(d) Flow chart ă Illustrates a process.

Activity 5.3

The four introductory sentences can be as follows:

1. This graph shows that the production of PDAs has increased/decreased forthe last _______ years.

2. As you can see, laptop production has increased/decreased over the last_______ years.

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ANSWERS 139

3. As shown in Figure _______, PDA production has increased/decreased_______

4. When you compare the production of PDA and laptops, you can see that

laptops are more/less popular among OUM learners.

Activity 5.4

The purpose can be as a specification or for publication in an advertisement. Theorder is by division into functional parts.

Activity 5.5

1. The problem presents so many difficulties that no satisfactory solution hasyet been found.

2. The friction losses are so much reduced as to become negligible.

3. The molecular agitation becomes so violent that the molecules break awayfrom each other.

4. The temperatures in the turbine are so high that special nickel alloys must be used.

5. The load on the turbine may be so great as to stop the blades from turning.

Activity 5.6

1.

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2. (a) The computer is limited in speed with the result that it will soon become obsolete.

(b) As a result of/In consequence of/Consequent upon the bad weather,

progress on the bridge was held up.

(c) Water was sprayed into the steam causing condensation. Hence/Consequently/Therefore/As a result, a partial vacuum wasproduced.

(d) As a result of/In consequence of/ Consequent upon mass production,the goods became cheaper.

3. (a) Insufficient air will prevent complete combustionwhile/whilst/whereas too much air will reduce the temperature of combustion.

(b) While/Whilst/Whereas the traffic density on the road is very highduring peak hours, it is very low at midday and during the night.

(c) The steam in contact with the steam chest is comparatively dry. Onthe other hand, the steam in contact with the piston is much wetter.

TOPIC 6: TECHNICAL VOCABULARY

Activity 6.1

1. (a) Resistance here means refusal to accept change.

(b) Resistance here means a force which slows down a moving object orvehicle)

2. (a) Value here means worth in money.

(b) Value here means amount or figure.

Activity 6.2

1. (a) Microscope ă A device for viewing small objects so that they looklarger for the purposes of scientific examination and study.

(b) Kaleidoscope ă A tube-like device for looking through to see differentpatterns of light made by pieces of coloured glass and mirrors.

(c) Oscilloscope ă A device for viewing the instantaneous trace on thescreen (usually a wavy line) of a cathode-ray tube. For example, apersonÊs heartbeat.

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(d) Telescope ă Cylindrical device for viewing distant objects so that theylook nearer and larger.

Notice that scope carries the meaning of viewing in all cases.

2. (a) Appendicitis

(i) Appendix ă Refers to the small closed tube attached to thedigestive system

(ii) -itis ă means inflammation

Therefore, appendicitis means inflammation of the small closed tube attached to the digestive system.

(b) Bronchitis

(i) Bronchial tube ă Refers to the tubes which connect the windpipeto the lungs.


Therefore, bronchitis means inflammation (sore or infected) of the tubes which connect the windpipe to the lungs.

(c) Tonsilitis

(i) Tonsils ă Two small soft organs at the back of the mouth.


Therefore, tonsilitis means inflammation of the two small soft organs at the back of the mouth.

3. (a) Submerge

(b) Liquidity

(c) Disconnect

(d) Microsecond

(e) Motionless

Activity 6.3

1. The installation of NT Server is the same as NT Workstation with a fewdifferences. For instance, during installation of the NT server you now needto choose the role of the server whether it is Server, PDC, or BCD, Yetanother is you must choose to install Internet Information Server. Choosing

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ANSWERS 143

Activity 7.3

The concept of dispersion: range, inter-quartile, standard deviation, etc.

Activity 7.4

1. Like terms, unlike terms, and expansion e.g. 2(a + b ) = 2a + 2b (section 7.4).

2. Mathematical facts are true mathematical statements. Examples in Sections7.1 to 7.4

TOPIC 8: MATHEMATICAL SKILLS

Activity 8.1

1. Yes, because we approximate first before we estimate:Example: 49.5 x 1.23 = 50 x 1 (approximation) = 50 (estimate).

2. (i) 29.46

(ii) 29.5

(iii) 29

Activity 8.2

(a) y + 6 = 14

(b) z ă 15 = 12

(c) 50 + (x+y) = 450

(d) m = 7 + n

(e) x ă y = 32

Activity 8.3

Continuous Data ă Weight of books, age of a person, temperature of a roomDiscrete Data ă Clothing sizes, number of students in a class, shoe size.

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Activity 8.4

The pie chart shows the ingredients used to make a pizza. Half of the pizzaÊs

weight comes from the crust. The mushrooms make up the smallest amount of pizza by weight.

Activity 8.5

Monthly tests, studentsÊ hobbies.

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