150th EAAE seminar 23rd October 2015 – Edinburgh (UK) Measuring direct & indirect employment...

150th EAAE seminar23rd October 2015 – Edinburgh

(UK)

Measuring direct & indirect employment

linked to Livestock Farming

Agathe LANG, Pierre DUPRAZ (INRA), Yves TREGARO (FranceAgriMer), Christophe PERROT (IDELE), Pierre-Michel

ROSNER (CIV)

Objective : identification and quantification of the French jobs depending on French livestock farms

Accounting of direct and indirect jobs

(induced jobs are outside the scope) Direct

jobs

Livestock

farmsDependency level

Indirect jobs

MATERIAL AND METHOD

General procedure – step 1

Identification of ALL GROUPS OF OPERATORS

in the livestock sphere

ANIMAL FEED

PROCESSING SECTOR

GENERAL SUPPLIERS

(building, equipments)

and SERVICES (accounting,

banks…)

ANIMAL HEALTH

GENETICS AND

PERFORMANCE

ADMINISTRATION AND

POLITICAL REPRESENTATI

ON

RESEARCH & EDUCATION

FOOD INDUSTRY

AND TRADE

RETAIL

BY-PRODUCTS

MANAGEMENT AND

INDUSTRY

Livestock operations

INDUSTRY SUPPLIERS

LO

GIS

TIC

S (

TR

AN

SP

OR

T S

TO

RA

GE)

PUBLIC & SEMI-PUBLIC

DISTRIBUTION

UPSTREAM sectors

DOWNSTREAM sectors

185 categories of operators




Identification of operators that DEPEND on livestock

operations

Dependency evaluation

• Livestock dependency = a change in livestock-related activities would affect the operator’s activity level, or even its existence and, thus, its jobs

• No methodological frame available -> building our own dependency evaluation method

• Theoretical framework : – « filière » définitions (Temple 2011, Fontan 2006), systemic

aproaches (Donnadieu 2003), social LCA (Macombe 2013, Wu 2014)

– Transaction costs theory (Williamson 1985 and 1996), incomplete contracts theory (Tirole 1999, Masten 2000)

– Up or downstream regulation (Sekkat 1987)

Livestock’s relative weightShort-term effects

Adaptation capacitiesMedium-term effects

Territorial constraintsGeographical effects

Adaptation capacitiesMedium-term effects

Livestock’s relative weightShort-term effects

Dependency evaluation

Indicator Evaluation DependencyShare of sales

related to livestock farms(clients: share of the activity related to its

products)

Share of the turnover or production volume

High turnover share =

high dependency

Share of operators

specialized in livestock or its

products

Share of operators with exclusive or majority livestock-

related activity

Many specialized operators = high dependency

Diversity of outlets

(clients: share of animal products in final

product)

Evaluation on a Likert scale from 0 to 5 (based on expert

opinions)

(0 : turnover on all economic activities, 5 : only livestock farms)

Low diversity =

High dependency

Grade from 0 to 15

Indicator Evaluation Dependency

Asset specificity to livestock operations


opinions)

(0 : non specific assets, 5 : very specific and impossible to

reconvert assets)

High specificity =

high dependency

Asset specificity to one particular livestock sector


opinions)

(0 : non specific assets, 5 : very specific and impossible to

reconvert assets)

High specificity =

high dependency

Absence of relevant market for reconversion and/or

export (suppliers)/import

(clients)


opinions)

(0 : high demand market (potentially for the entire

production), 5 : no relevant market)

No relevant market = High dependency

0 1 2 3 4 5

No impact of location

France level

Great region level

(< 400 km)

Department level

(<100 km)

Small agricultural

territory level

(<40 km)

Maximal distance of a

few kilometers

Territorial constraintsGeographical effects

Grade from 0 to 15

Grade from 0 to 15

Dependency level

Different levels of dependency

Livestock’s relative

weight

Adaptation capacities

Territorial constraint

s

Indirect employmen

t

Direct jobs

Livestock

farms

Agglomerative hierarchical clustering :

4 dependency levels

Not significantl

y dependent




Quantify the NUMBER of JOBS

for these dependent operators

Identification of operators that DEPEND on livestock

operations

Measurement of employment level

• Single method for each operator• Sources of information: – Official state statistics– Professional surveys– Professional representative knowledge– Economic assessment

• Measurement is in Full Time Equivalent (FTE)

RESULTS

703 000 FTE are dependent on French livestock farming operations

LIVESTOCK OPERATIONS: DIRECT JOBS312 000 FTE

(~415 000 people)

VERY DEPENDENT JOBS178 000 FTE

(207 000 people)

MODERATLY DEPENDENT JOBS

166 000 FTE(210 000 people)

MILDLY DEPENDENT JOBS

47 000 FTE(52 000 people)

+ 9 000 FTE producing the cereal consumed directly on the farms

Results- by sector

DOWNSTREAM SECTORS AVG TERRITORIAL DEP : 7.1TOTAL DEP: 32.4

UPSTREAM SECTORS AVG TERRITORIAL DEP : 9.5Total DEP: 28.8

PUBLIC & SEMI PUBLICAVG TERRITORIAL DEP : 5Total DEP: 22.2

DISTRIBUTIONAVG TERRITORIAL DEP : 3TOTAL DEP: 26.6

ALL SECTORS AVG TERRITORIAL DEP : 6.7Total DEP: 29.5

1st process: 36.4 (8.8)Processed goods : 23.9 (3.2)

-

50 000

100 000

150 000

200 000

250 000

CATTLE SHEEP GOAT CATTLE SHEEP VEALCALVES

PIGS POULTRYand

RABBITS

EGGS

0,76

1,07

6,06 1,91

1,77

0,63

0,44 0,53 5,93

183 000FTE

238 000FTE

99 000FTE

99 000FTE

11 000FTE

34 000FTE

10 000FTE

14 000FTE 12 000

FTE

Results – by type of livestockDAIRY FARMS MEAT PRODUCTION FARMS EGGS

Products : milk and meat Products : meat Eggs & meat

Number of

indirect job(s)

per on-farm job

Total number of jobs

Direct jobsVery dependent

jobsModeratly

dependent jobsMildy dependent

jobs

Grand Ouest resultsA few

references on the Grand

Ouest region:

16 % of French

population

16 % of total of

French jobs

21 % of agricultural

surfaces in France 21 %

of French farms

20 % of French meat cows

72 % of French pigs

58 % of French poultry

50 % of French milk

cows

LIVESTOCK OPERATIONS : DIRECT JOBS102 000 FTE

[33 % of French total] Non takenintoaccountindirect jobs (estimation):

22 500 FTE(39 % of French total)

VERY DEPENDENT JOBS81 800 FTE

(49 % of French total)

MODERATLY DEPENDENT JOBS42 700 FTE


MILDLY DEPENDENT JOBS4 900 FTE


TOTAL INDIRECT JOBS–151 800 FTE :(39 % of French total)

46%

9%

22%

10%

67%

35%

54%

40%

15%

31%

16%

43%45%

55%

51%

19%

43%

14%

71%

66%

57%

Bovin lait Caprin Bovin viande Ovin viande Porcin Volaille chair etlapins

Œuf

Emplois directs Emplois indirects Production

Share of the Grand Ouest region in French total livestock related jobs and production

Total français

Part du Grand

Ouest (%)

French total

Share of the

Grand Ouest region

Dairy Cattle

GoatsMeat Cattle

Meat sheeps Pigs

Poultry and

rabbits

Eggs

Direct jobs Indirect jobs Production

Conclusion

• Detailed map (135 operators), precise (+/- 2 %) with an explicit method (dependency evaluation and all calculations will be published)

• Dependency evaluation method is not specific to livestock nor agricultural sectors : application to other fields?

• Limitations : – analytical rather than systemic approach– induced jobs and externalities jobs not taken into account– no results on territorial scale

Direct jobs: 312 000 FTE

LIVESTOCK-RELATED JOBS

OTHER ACTIVITIES-RELATED JOBS

ANNEXS

Results – by production level

9,8

36,8

20,6

0

10

20

30

40

Bovin Lait Ovin Lait Caprin

Emplois dépendants de l'élevage (ETP) /million de litres de lait produits

Number of jobs (FTE) per million liters of milk produced in

France

CATTLE SHEEP GOAT

10

37

21

Results – by production level

11,5

41,8

8,9

4,5 5,3

0

10

20

30

40

50

Bovin viande Ovin viande Veau Porc Volaille Chairet Lapins

Emplois dépendants de l'élevage (ETP) /100 tec de viande produites

Number of jobs (FTE) per 100t of meat produced in

France

CATTLE SHEEP VEAL CALVES

PIGS POULTRY and

RABBITS

11.5

42

9

4.5 5

Share of Grand Ouest region in livestock-related jobs in France

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

UPSTREAM LIVESTOCKOPERATIONS

DOWNSTREAM DISTRIBUTION PUBLIC & SEMIPUBLIC

Otherparts ofFrance

GrandOuest

22 %27 %

43 %45 %

33 %

Low territorial constraints High territorial constraints

Exemples of dependency evaluation (1)

Veterinaries (liberal workers) : 27,4/45 -> MODERATLY dependent

Livestock’s relative weightShare of the turnover

29 % 1,5/5

Share of specialized operators

57 % 2,9/5

Outlets diversity 3/5

Total : 7,4/15


Asset specificity to a livestock sector

1/5

Asset specificity to livestock in general

3/5

Relevant market 4/5Total : 8/15

Territorial constraints

Small agricultural region level

Total : 12/15

Slaughterhouses (cattle, sheep and pigs): 33/45 -> VERY dependent

Livestock’s relative weightPart de l’activité liée à l’élevage

100 % 5/5

Part des acteurs spécialisés

100 % 5/5

Part des produits animaux

100% 5/5

Total : 15/15



3/5


5/5



Great region level

Total : 6/15

Exemples of dependency evaluation (2)

Animal drugs industry: 17/45 -> MIDLY dependent

Livestock’s relative weightShare of the turnover

57 % 3/5

Share of specialized operators

0 % 0/5

Outlets diversity 3/5

Total : 6/15



2/5


4/5



France level

Total : 3/15

Biscuits factories: 10/45 -> NOT dependent on French livestock operations

Livestock’s relative weightPart de l’activité liée à l’élevage

80 % 4/5

Part des acteurs spécialisés

0 % 0/5

Part des produits animaux

20 % 1/5

Total : 5/15



2/5


3/5



Almost no constraints

Total : 0/15

Results – Animal Health

Veterinaries7 300 FTE

MODERATE dependency-2 600 FTE veterinaries specialized in livestock animals-2100 FTE veterinaries dedicated to livestock animals amongst mixt veterinaries -3 200 FTE non veterinaries workers

Source : CSOV

Food indutstry

State veterinaries services : 2 700 FTE

HIGH dependency-Santé et sécurité des animaux : 800 ETP-Sécurité sanitaire des aliments : 1 900 ETP dont 1 300 en abattoirs

Source : DGAL

Animal drug industry1 100 FTE

MILD dependency6 000 FTE in total sector from

which 3 200 for pets and 1 800 for

exportSource : SIMV

Sanitary surveillance organizations

800 FTEHIGH dependency

Source : FNGDS

PharmaciesNot dependent

Animal drugs trade : 625 FTE

MODERATE dependencySource : surveys and expert say

ANSES330 FTE

MODERATE dependencySource : ANSES

OIE85 FTE

MILD dependencySource : OIE

Livestock

Results – Animal feed

Grain production an

tradeNot dependent

Hay production,

trade, transportation

and dehydration2 100 FTE

HIGH to MODERATE dependency

Source : estimations

Quality control laboratoriesNot dependent

Machinery makers 50 FTE

MILD dependencySource : surveys,

estimation

Animal feed compound industry

10 000 FTEHIGH dependency

Sources:, Coop de France Nutrition animale

Addictive industry2 200 FTE

MODERATE dependencySource :surveys, estimation

Feed services, mineral feed and pre-

mix industry4 400 FTE

HIGH dependencySource : AFCA CIAL

By-products suppliers (tourteaux, sons,

drèches…) 1 100 FTE

MODERATE to MILD dependency

Triturateurs, amidonniers, meuniers, sucreries,

éthanoliers

Agrofourniture,

agromachinisme (cultures)Not dependent Mise aux normes

d’écarts de fabrication

100 ETPMODERATE dependency

Source : Valoria

Livestock

Results – Genetics and performances

Performances control3 200 FTE

HIGH dependencyCattle, sheep, goat, pigSources : IFIP, IDELE, FCEL

Departmental livestock organizations

(identification and ascendency certification)

included in agricultural chambers

Information system (ARSOE) 350 FTE

HIGH dependencyCattle, sheep, goat

Source : FIEA

Genetic evaluation included in research field

Sélection génétique 2 000 ETP

HIGH dependencyBovins, caprins, porc,

volailleSources : IFIP, Alysse, SNA

Selection organizations


Source : race de France

Genetics analysis

laboratories45 FTE

MODERATE dependency

Source : estimation

Artificial insemination2 300 FTE

HIGH dependencySources : IFIP, SNA, Alysse

Buckles makers:70 FTE

MODERATE dependencySource : estimation

Animal passports printers:

Not dependent

Semen sorting: 25 FTEHIGH

dependencySource : estimation

Milk analysis laboratories

450 FTEHIGH

dependencySource : CNIEL

Livestock

Results – Various goods and services (1)

Fabrication of livestock

equipement2 300 FTEMODERATE dependency

Sources : INSEE, Axema

Building construction15 000 FTEMODERATE dependency

Source : estimation

Fabrication of precision livestock

equipement160 FTE

MODERATE dependency

Source : estimations

Biocids production380 FTE

MODERATE dependency

Source : estimation

Seed production760 FTE

MODERATE dependencySource : GNIS

Suppliers for building

constructionNon dépendant

Livestock building studies670 FTE

HIGH dependencySource : estimation

Distribution of livestock

equipment: 4 900 FTE

MODERATE dependency

Sources: INSEE, Axema

Environmental building studies

670 ETPMODERATE dependency

Source : estimation

Production and distribution of fertilisers, phytosanitary

products, general crop quipment…

Not dependentCf chapitre Alimentation animale

Commission works7 400 FTEMODERATE dependency

Sources : FNCUMA, FNEDT

Replacement services


Source : service de remplacement

Livestock

Results – Various goods and services (2)

Certification organization (organic

products etc.)240 FTE

MILD dependencySource : estimation

Production and distribution of

computers devicesNot dependent

Independant consultants

40 FTEMODERATE dependencySource : PCIA

Production and distribution of

electricityNot dependent

Accounting2 300 FTEMODERATE dependency

Sources : CER, Cogedis

Anaerobic digestion studies140 FTE

HIGH dependencySource : Etude emploi

Biogaz

Production and distribution of gas

Not dependent

Hoof care130 FTE

HIGH dependencySource : CFPPA Le

Rheu

Production and distribution of fuel

Not dependent

InsuranceNot dependent

Banking services970 FTE


Agricultural newspapers

130 FTEMODERATE dependency

Source : estimation

Livestock

Results – Collection, processing and trade (1 – milk)

Milk collection and dairy industries:


Sources : INSEE, CNIEL, ATLA

Milk and dairy trade : 9 700 FTE

HIGH dependencySource : INSEE

Livestock

Results – Collection, processing and trade(2 – cattle, sheep and pigs meat)

Slaughterhouses and meatpacking

industry: 47 900 FTE

HIGH dependency

Sources : INSEE, Conventions collectives, FNICGV, COOP de

France, FNEAP, Synafavia

Live animals trade4 720 FTE

HIGH dependency4600 cattle dealers

120 in cattle marketsSources : FFCB, FAM, INSEE, FMBV

Meat and meat-based products

trade: 4 400 FTEMODERATE dependency

Sources : INSEE, Conventions collectives

Food industry

Farmers associations:


Sources : INSEE, Conventions collectives

Veal-calves integration firms:


Sources : enquête

Livestock

Results – Collection, processing and trade(3 – poultry, goats and rabbits)

Slaughterhouses and meat packing:

24 000 FTEHIGH dependencySources : Rapport de branche FIA-CNADEV,

INSEE

Poultry meat trade1 400 FTE

MODERATE dependencySource : INSEE

Meat Eggs

Egg packing centers: 1 600 FTE

HIGH dependencySource : SNIPO

Egg based products

industry : 800 FTE

HIGH dependencySource : SNIPO

Eggs trade: 450 FTE

HIGH dependencySources : INSEE

Food industry

DISTRIBUTION

Livestock

Results – Collection, processing and trade(4 – processed products)

Industrie de 1ère et seconde transformation

(abattage découpe, ovoproduits, industrie laitière)

Cf aval viande, aval volaille, aval lait

DISTRIBUTION

Industries plats préparés : 10 000 ETP

MILD dependencySources : INSEE,

ADEPALE

Viande, œufs, produits laitiers

Boulangerie pâtisserie

viennoiserie non dépendant

Biscuiterie non dépendant

Chocolaterienon dépendant

Beurre, œufs,lait

Beurre, œufs,lait

Industrie foie gras : 900

ETPHIGH

dependencySources : INSEE,

ADEPALE

Fabricants de crème glacée

non dépendant

Charcuterie : 23 700 ETPMODERATE dependency

Sources : FICT, SSP, INSEE

Viande

Foies des

canards gras

Livestock

Results – Industry suppliers

Livestock trucks fabrication


Industrial cleaning 2 500 FTE

MILD dependency

Food industry

Packaging fabrication

200 FTEMILD dependency

Building constructionNon dépendant

Logistic platformsNon dépendant

Refrigerated equipement maintenanceNon dépendant

Pest exterminationNon dépendant

Animal feed trucks fabrication

145 FTEdépendance MOYENNE

Linen and laundry services720 FTE

MILD dependencyIndustrial maintenance

2 300 FTEMILD dependency

Analysis laboratories1 800 FTE

MILD dependency

Equipment fabrication3 200 FTE

dépendance MOYENNE

Event management services

Non dépendant

Software developmentNon dépendant

Computer devicesNon dépendant

Feed industry

Livestock

Results – By products management

Slaughterhouses

Knackery 800 FTE

HIGH dependency

400 collecting dead animals410 collecting industry waste

Source : SIFCO

Collecting and managing 2 000 FTE

HIGH dependencySource : SIFCO

Cement production

Not dependent

Fertilizer production

Not dependent

Animal bone meal and fat

Gelatin producers470 ETP

MODERATE dependency

Source : MAAF et enquête

AquacultureNot dependent

Petfood : 4 750 FTE

MODERATE dependency

Source : FACCO, INSEE

Dead animals

Cat1 & 2 products

Cat.3 and human food approved products

Soap productionNot dependent

Biofuel production: 25 FTE

MODERATE dependency

Source : enquête

Tannery : 1600 FTE

MODERATE dependencySource : CNC

Animal

proteins and fa

t

Animal protein and fat

Animal fatAnim

al fat

Skins

Anaerobic digestion units (outside of

farms) Not dependent

Skins trade: 340 FTEHIGH dependency

Source : CNC

Skins, bones (cattle and pigs)

Leather industry: 6 400 FTE

MILD dependencySource : CNC

Livestock

Results – Distribution

Butchers deli shops34 000 FTEMODERATE dependency

Sources : INSEE, CFBCT

Butcher counters in supermarkets

13 800 FTEMODERATE dependency

Source : FCD

Food industry and trade

Cheese shops6 900 FTEMODERATE dependency

Source : Fromagers de France

Self-services sections

Not dependent

Central buying service

Not dépendent

RestaurantsNot dependent

Institutional catering

Not dependent

Export services25 FTE

MILD dependency

Livestock

Results – Education and research

Under supervision of Agriculture food anf forest ministry +

research and education ministry

Livestock

Agricultural chambers3 100 FTE

HIGH dependencySource : APCA

IRSTEA 525 FTE

MODERATE dependencySource : IRSTEA

Technical agricultural education5 900 FTE

MODERATE dependency

INRA2 900 FTEMODERATE dependencySource : INRA

Instituts techniques490 FTE

MODERATE dependency

Sources : enquêtes

Higher agricultural education and

research1 100 FTE

MODERATE dependency

Under supervision of agriculture, food and forest ministry

Source : Programme budgétaire 142


Vocational education210 FTE

MODERATE dependency

Sources : FAFSEA, VIVEA

Results – Administration

Under supervision of Agriculture, food and forest ministry

SAFER480 FTE

HIGH dependencySource : SAFER

Agence de services et de

paiements (ASP) 400 FTE

HIGH dependency

Conduite et pilotage des politiques de

l’agriculture3 600 FTE

HIGH dependency

FranceAgriMer500 FTE

HIGH dependency Mutualité sociale agricole (MSA)

4 750 FTEMODERATE dependencySource : MSA

Autres (Agence Bio, INAO)

55 FTEMODERATE dependency

DGAL (central) 125 FTE

MODERATE dependency


Agriculture, food and forest ministry


Source : programme budgétaire 215

Natural regional parks30 FTE

MODERATE dependency

Source : estimation

Local governments270 FTE

MODERATE dependency

Source : estimation

Water management agencies330 FTE

HIGH dependencySource : estimation

DIRENNot dependent

ADEME40 FTE


Livestock

Results – Logistics

Refrigerated storage


Food industry

Raw animal products road transportation : 1


Milk, eggs

Non refrigerated storage

not dependent

Hay, cattle cake, bran road transportation


Live animals road transportation: 1 300

FTEHIGH dependency

Distribution

Finished animal products road transportation

: 8 600 FTEMILD dependency

Port infrastructures

(animal products

export) : 90 FTEMILD dependency

Custom services: 330

FTEMODERATE dependency

River transportationnot dependent

Train transportationnot dependent

Cereal road transportationnot dependent

Feed compounde

rs

Feed road transportation

5 400 FTEMODERATE dependency Port infrastructures

(soy import): 700 FTE

MILD dependency

Livestock

Sources : SoeS, INSEE, enquêtes

150th EAAE seminar 23rd October 2015 – Edinburgh (UK) Measuring direct & indirect employment...

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