1500 1600 1700 1800

1492: Columbus arrived

1535: Diego de Almagro went to Chile

1541: Pedro de Valdivia founded Santiago

1600-1800: Colonial Period

Conquista- Part 3 ALL

After the attack on Santiago, the city was rebuilt. But it was very difficult. The Spanish needed more men and materials.

Valdivia sent Alonso de Monroy to Peru to convince the Spanish to send help.

In 1543, more Spanish arrived with food, clothing, weapons, etc. This saved the city of Santiago.

In 1544 Pedro de Valdivia send Juan de Bohon to the north. Bohon founded La Serena.

This was a fort of the natives in San Pedro de Atacama

Francisco de Aguirre arrived toconquer the natives

After conquering thenatives, Francisco took 300 natives to this fort and cut off their heads

In 1544 Pedro de Valdivia sent Juan de Bohon to the north. Bohon founded La Serena.

Pedro de Valdivia returned to Peru in 1547 to get more men.

Valdivia started conquering SOUTH in 1550. He wanted to conquer until the Straight of Magallanes.

Pedro de Valdivia returned to Peru in 1547 to get more men.

Valdivia started conquering SOUTH in 1550. He wanted to conquer until the Straight of Magallanes.

Between 1550-1553 Valdivia founded Concepcion, Valdivia, Villarica, La Imperial and a few forts for protection.

The Mapuche resist the Spanish. This is the beginning of the “Guerra de Arauco” between Chileans and Mapuche. This war lasted 300 years.

Conquista: Part 4 3:25-5:006:05-7:00

-Lautaro (“Felipe”) lived with the Spanish most of his life in Santiago. He “helped” the Spanish, and worked for Pedro de Valdivia.

-But Lautaro was a spy.-He learned everything he could about the

Spanish (how the fought, their weaknesses)

-He left the Spanish around 1553 and became a Mapuche leader.

-He was one of the best Mapuche leaders.

Conquista: Part 4 7:00 to end

Lautaro led a Mapuche attack on the Tucapel fort in 1553.

Most of the Spanish in the fort were killed.

The Mapuche captured Valdivia. Lautaro killed Pedro de Valdivia, put

his head on a stick and took out his heart.

Conquista: Part 5 0:45-3:15 **** 4:20-6:20

Conquista- part 4 (from beginning to 1:30)

After Pedro de Valdivia died, other Spanish continued constructing cities and conquering territory.

After many generations, people began to live normal life in the cities.

The Mapuche were still a threat, but they were mostly confined to the south of Chile.

The men that came with Pedro had children. More people came from Spain and had

children. Many men/women from Spain had children

with the natives of Chile

People began to have normal jobs (making clothing, candles, food, etc)

The colony was between 1600-1800

The colony of Chile was controlled by Spain.

The colony sent things to Spain (wheat, corn, copper, wood)

Spain was a rich country because it had many colonies that sent nice things

The king of Spain sent a Viceroy (Virrey) to the colony to be in charge.

Spain made most of the laws for the colony to follow

Other institutions were created in Spain and Chile to control the colony

Part 1 Colonia 1:30-2:30

The king of Spain gave land in Chile to the men who helped in the conquest of Chile. This man was a “Encomendero”

-The governor gave natives to each encomendero

-The natives worked for NO money -The encomendero had to give food, clothing, religion, and housing to

natives

Many natives died in the mines Many got infections and

illnesses/viruses

Because so many natives died, the Spanish brought African slaves to work the land

Was it necessary?

Was it abuse?

Was it slavery?

Could we use the encomienda system today?

What would YOU think if you were a native in the encomienda system?

Chile made leather, wheat, dry fruit, wine, copper, wood, and furniture.

Chile was ONLY allowed to trade with Spain and the other Spanish colonies

When a colony can ONLY trade with some places, it is called a MONOPOLY

There were many different types of people that lived in the colonies:

-people that came from Spain -people who had parents that came

from Spain, but they were born in Chile -natives -blacks from Africa -people that had one parent that was Spanish and one that was a native

1)What is a “mestizo?”2) What is a criollo?3) What people were in the upper class (parte

alto)? Explain about this group

4) What people were in the middle class (estrato de medio)? Explain about this group.

5) What people were in the lower class (nivel mas bajo)? Explain about this group.

www.icarito.cl Search “Sociedad colonial”

Part 1 Colony 2:30-3:40 9:00-9:45

White skin Spanish Criollos

Mid color skin Poor Spanish

Mestizos

Dark skin Natives Blacks

Class level Groups in this class

Description Jobs

Upper class SpanishCriollos

Middle Class MestizosPoor Spanish

Lower Class NativesBlacks

-Spanish: born in Spain and came to live in Chile

-Criollos: born in Chile, but both of their parents were Spanish

-Spanish had MORE power than criollos-this was the smallest class-they owned land, had power in

government-WHITE skin

Mestizos: one parent was Spanish and the other parent was a native.

Had jobs such as vendors, artesania, writers, etc.

Skin color was darker

Natives: both parents were natives and had always lived in Chile

Blacks: slaves brought from Africa to work in the hardest and most dangerous jobs

Worked on the farms of the encomenderos

Had no power or money DARK skin (or black skin)

If a person had white skin = upper class

If a person had skin color between white and dark = middle class

If a person had dark skin = lower class

Mestizo woman Spanish man

Native woman Spanish man

Skin color was important in EVERY colony