14M514.Metrology and Measurement Laboratory Manual

8/17/2019 14M514.Metrology and Measurement Laboratory Manual

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Department of Mechanical Engineering 14M514 / Metrology and Measurements Laboratory

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14M514-METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS

LABORATORY

Prepared by Verified by

M.RAJESH AP/MECH DEAN/MECH


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INDEX

Exp.No. Date Name of the Experiment Page No. Marks Sign

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12


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List of Experiments

1. Calibration of Vernier caliper, Micrometer and Dial gauge.

2.

Checking Linear dimensions of a part using Vernier Caliper and Micrometer.

3. Checking angular dimensions of part using slip gauges and sine bar.

4. Measurement of taper angle using bevel protractor.

5. Measurement of straightness and flatness.

6.

Measurement of thread parameters using profile projector.

7. Checking error in slip gauge and measuring height of a specimen using Mechanical Comparator.

8. Measurement of temperature by using thermocouple and thermistor.

9. Measurement of displacement using LVDT.

10. Measurement of force by load measurement trainer kit.

11. Determine the torque using strain gauge.

12. Determination of gear tooth thickness by gear tooth Vernier.

`


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Observation:

Least count = One main scale division - One Vernier scale division

=

Tabulation:

Sr.no Nominal

value (mm)

Actual value (mm)

MSR + (LC x VSC) ± ZE

Error = Nominal value -

Actual valueAverage

Where,

MSR – Main Scale Reading LC – Least count VSC – Vernier Scale Coincidence

ZE- Zero Error

Fig.1.1 Vernier Caliper


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EX.NO.1 (A) CALIBRATION OF VERNIER CALIPER USING SLIP GUAGE

DATE:

Aim:-

To calibrate the Vernier caliper using slip gauge and draw its calibration graph.

Apparatus Required:

Vernier caliper (0-150mm).

Slip gauge.

Model Graph:

Result:

Thus the given Vernier caliper was calibrated and the calibration curve was drawn.

TotalReadinginmm

Actual Reading in mm

Error

Actual Reading in mm


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Observation:

Least count = One main scale division - One thimble scale division

=

Tabulation:

Where,

MSR – Main Scale Reading LC – Least count TSR – Thimble Scale Reading

ZE- Zero Error

Fig.1.2 Micrometer

Sr.no Nominal

value (mm)

Actual value (mm)

MSR + (LC X TSR) ± ZE

Error = Nominal value -

Actual value Average


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EX.NO.1 (B) CALIBRATION OF MICROMETER USING SLIP GUAGE

DATE:

Aim:-

To calibrate Micrometer using slip gauge and draw its calibration curve.

Apparatus Required:

Micrometer (0-25mm).

Slip gauge.

Model Graph:

Result:

Thus the given Micrometer was calibrated and the graph was drawn.

TotalReadinginmm

Error

Actual Reading in mm Actual Reading in mm


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Observation:

Rotating Wheel Dial Gauge

One revolution 250 divisions 100 divisions

One main scale division 0.5mm 1mm

No. of division 250 100

Least count 0.5/250 1/100

= 0.002mm = 0.01mm

One revolution 500 x 0.001= 0.5 100 x 0.01=1mm

Main scale division 0 - 25mm 0 -10mm

Tabulation

Fig.1.3 Dial Gauge

Sr.No Nominal value (mm) Actual value (mm) Error


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EX.NO.1 (C) CALIBRATION OF DIAL GUAGE

DATE:

Aim:

To calibrate dial gauge and draw its calibration curve.

Apparatus Required:

Dial gauge(Least count =0.01mm)

Surface plate

Suitable mounting equipment

Dial calibration tester (Least count of rotating wheel = 0.001mm)

Description:

The dial gauge tester shown consists of the following parts

Mounting stand.

Micrometer.

Provision for mounting the dial gauge to be tested.

The arrangement ensures that the stem of the Micrometer and the plunger of the dial are both in line

with each other. Depending on the measuring range of the dial gauge to be tested suitable depth

Micrometer can be chosen and mounted on the stand.

Model Graph:

Result:

Thus dial gauge was calibrated and graph was drawn.

Tota

lReadinginmm

Error



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Tabulation:

LS =1 – 49/50 = 0.02mm

Specimen

Parameters

Reading on Main

scale (MSR) mm

Reading on Vernier scale

VSR = (VSC x LC) mm

Total reading =

MSR +VSR mm Average

Where,

MSR – Main scale Reading VSR – Vernier Scale Reading VSC – Vernier Scale Coincidence LC –

Least count

Fig.2.1 Vernier caliper


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EX.NO.2 (A) LINEAR MEASUREMENT BY USING VERNIER CALIPER

DATE:

Aim:-

To determine the thickness of given specimen to an accuracy of 0.02mm using Vernier

caliper.

Apparatus Required:

Vernier caliper (0-150mm).

Surface plate.

Specimen.

Construction:

It consists of two scales, fixed and movable. The fixed scale is called as main scale and it is

calibrated on the L-shaped frame. The movable scale is called as Vernier scale and it slides over the

main scale. When two measuring jaws are in contact with each other the scale should show zero reading.

An adjustable screw is provided for fine adjustment of movable jaw also a lock nut is provided to lock

the sliding scale on main scale.

Working:

The movable jaw assembly was so adjusted that the two measuring jaw just touch the work

piece to be measured. Then the lock nut was tightened final adjustment depends upon the sense of

correct feel and it was made by the adjustment screws as the adjusting screw rotates the movable jawalso moves. After the final adjustment had been made the other locking nut was also tightened and

reading was taken.

Result:

Thus the outer diameter is ______________ mm

Thickness is __________ mm was measured using Vernier caliper.


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Tabulation:

LC =1-0.5/50 =0.01mm

Fig 2.2 Micrometer

Specimen

Parameters

Reading on Main scale

(MSR) mm

Reading on thimble scale

(TSR) mm

Total reading =

MSR + (TSR x LC) Average


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EX.NO.2 (B) LINEAR MEASUREMENT BY USING MICROMETER

DATE:

Aim:-

To determine the thickness of given specimen to an accuracy of 0.01mm using Micrometer.

Apparatus Required:

Micrometer (0-150mm).

Surface plate.

Specimen.

Construction:

It consists of a screw having 10 or 20 threads and revolves in a fixed nut. The end of screw

forms one measuring angle and a fixed anvil is in the frame. The spindle can be advanced (or) retracted

by rotating the thimble. Barrel is a fixed nut part attached with the frame. The spindle is a slide fit in

the barrel. Generally a pitch of screw thread is 0.5mm and the thimble has 50 equal divisions on the

circumference. Ratchet is provided at the end of thimble to apply sufficient and uniform measuring

pressure.

Working:

The thimble is rotated till the spindle touches the workpiece. Then the fine adjustment is made

by using ratchet. The locknut is then tightened and the dimension is measured on main scale and thimble

scale.

Result:

Thus the outer diameter is _____________ mm

Thickness is __________ mm was measured using Micrometer.


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Tabulation:

Sr.No Height of slip gauge

Dial gauge Reading

Taper angle

Initial Reading Final Reading

Fig.3.1 Sine Bar


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EX.NO.3 DETERMINATION OF TAPER ANGLE USING SINE BAR

DATE :

Aim:-

To measure the taper angle of a given specimen by using sine bar.

Apparatus Required:

Surface plate.

Slip gauge.

Dial guage.

Result:

Thus the unknown angle was determined by using sine bar θ =_______


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Tabulation:

Sr.No SpecimenMSR

(degree)

VSC

in division VSR =VSC x LCTR =MSR +

VSR (degree)

Fig.4.1 Bevel Protractor


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EX.NO.4 ANGULAR MEASUREMENT USING BEVEL PROTRACTOR

DATE :

Aim:-

To determine the angle of given component using universal bevel protractor.

Apparatus Required:

Universal bevel protractor.

Specimen.

Surface plate.

Description:

The universal bevel protractor consists of the main scale graduated in degrees of the main body

and attached to the base plate. The circular plate carries Vernier scale. It is attached to the adjusted blade which rotates about the common centre of circular plate and main scale. The blade can be locked

in any position. The box plate is placed on the reference surface of the work. The adjustable blade is

adjusted by rotating it to touch the taper surface and the reading is taken from the main scale and Vernier

scale. The main scale is graduated in degrees. The Vernier scale has divided into 12 divisions on each

side. This 12 equal division are equal to the space of 2 degrees in the main scale.

Least count = 2 main scale division – 1 Vernier scale division

= 2o – 23o/12

= 1o/ 12

= 60/12

= 5 minutes.

This protractor is used for testing the flatness, squareness and for the angle measurement.

.

Result:

Thus the unknown angle was determined by using bevel protractor θ =_______


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Tabulation:

Straightness

Sr.No. Standard Value(mm) Measured Value(mm) Error(mm)

Flatness

Sr.No Standard Value(mm) Measured Value(mm) Error(mm)


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EX.NO.5 MEASUREMENT OF STRAIGHTNESS AND FLATNESS

DATE:

Aim:-

To check the straightness and flatness of the given specimen using slip gauge and dial gauge.

Apparatus Required:

Surface plate

Dial gauge (0-10mm)

Slip gauge.

Description:

A line is said to be straightness over a given length. If the variation of the distance of its two

plates perpendicular to each other and parallel to the general direction of the line remain within thegiven tolerance limit. The surface can be considered as an infinitely large no. of lines. The surface will

be flat only if all the lines are straight they will lie in same plane. In case of rectangular table lines are

straight and lie to sides of the rectangular.

Result:

Thus the straightness and flatness of work piece was found out using slip gauge and dial gauge.


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Tabulation:

Outer diameter:

Pitch:

Sr.No.

Initial Reading

(mm)

Final Reading

(mm)

Actual Pitch

(mm)

Nominal Pitch

(mm)

Error = Nominal - Actual

in mm

Sr.No.

Initial

Reading(mm)

Final

Reading(mm)

Actual

Diameter(mm)

NominalDiameter(mm)

Error =Nominal -Actualin mm


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EX.NO.6 MEASUREMENT OF THREAD PARAMETERS

DATE: USING PROFILE PROJECTOR

Aim:-

To check the outer diameter and pitch of the screw thread using profile projector.

Apparatus Required:

Screw thread.

Profile projector.

Cross line chart.

Description:

A projector having a light source, a condenser and collimating lens to direct the light passed

into the optical system. It has movable work holding table and projector optic including both mirrorsand lens. The image is projected on the screen. It has two Micrometer heads which having the range

from 0 to 25mm. It has provision to measure in horizontal as well as in vertical direction.

Result:

Thus the given screw thread was checked for error in outer diameter and pitch.


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Tabulation:

Sr.NoDial position built up

slip gauges in mm

Dial Reading in component in

mm

Variation of height in

mm


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EX.NO.7 CHECKING ERROR IN SLIP GUAGE AND HEIGHT OF

DATE: A SPECIMEN USING MECHANICAL COMPARATOR

Aim:-

To check the error in the slip gauge and check the height of the machined component with

standard component using mechanical comparator.

Apparatus Required:

Slip Gauge set.

Mechanical comparator.

Surface plate.

Vernier caliper ( 0 -150mm)

Description:

Mechanical comparator magnifies small divisions. The methods of magnifying small event of

the indicator in all mechanical comparators are effected by means of a combination of these elements.

These are mostly used for the inspection of small parts machined to close limits.

Result:

Thus the height of machined component is checked with standard component (Slip gauge) using

mechanical comparator.

The variation in the height of MS plate is _________


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Tabulation:

Sr.NoThermometer Reading

(⁰ C)

Thermocouple

(⁰C)

Varying Reading

Thermocouple(⁰C)% Error


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EX.NO.8 MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE BY USING

DATE: THERMOCOUPLE AND THERMISTOR

Aim:-

To measure the temperature by using thermocouple and thermistor measuring trainer and

compare with water temperature in thermometer.

Apparatus Required:

Thermocouple

Thermistor trainer kit

Result:

Thus the temperature using thermocouple and thermistor temperature was measured and the

percentage of error also found out.


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Tabulation:

Sr.No.Micrometer Reading Indicator Reading Error % of error

Forward Backward Forward Backward Forward Backward Forward Backward


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EX.NO.9 MEASUREMENT OF DISPLACEMENT BY

DATE: USING LVDT

Aim:-

To determine the displacement using LVDT trainer kit.

Apparatus Required:

LVDT trainer kit

Slip gauge.

Description:

LVDT has to be measured perfectly on the calibration. Micrometer should be mounted till the

mode to be 0.01mm. LVDT should be mounted to the center plate by the two nuts provided. The surface

of the LVDT should be aligned with the thimble of micrometer. Adjust the cone of the LVDT lead is

touches the micrometer core of tighten the nut.

Result:

Thus the displacement was measured by LVDT and percentage of error was found out


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Tabulation:

Loading

Sr.No.Actual

Load(w) Kg

Calculated force(N)

F = w x 9.81

Indicated Force (N)

F = w x 9.81Error

Unloading

Sr.NoActual Load

(w) Kg

Calculated force(N)

F = w x 9.81

Indicated Force (N)

F = w x 9.81Error


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EX.NO.10 MEASUREMENT OF FORCE BY LOAD MEASUREMENT

DATE: TRAINER KIT

Aim:-

To determine the force by load measurement trainer kit.

Apparatus Required:

Load measurement trainer kit.

Model Graph:

Result:

Thus the force was measured by load measurement trainer kit.

TotalReadinginmm

Error



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Tabulation:

Loading

Unloading

Sr.NoActual Load

Kg-cm

Calculated force

Kg-cmDifference % of error

Sr.NoActual Load

Kg-cm

Calculated force

Kg-cmDifference % of error


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EX.NO.11 DETERMINE THE TORQUE USING STRAIN GUAGE

DATE:

Aim:-

To determine the torque by using strain gauge trainer kit.

Apparatus Required:

Strain gauge trainer kit

Load

Description:

Unique digital torque measuring set-up comprises of torque indicator and torque cell with

loading system. Torque indicator is strain gauge signal conditioner and amplifier used to measure the

torque due to load applied on cell. Stain gauge are used bonded on the specimen and are connected inthe form of Wheatstone bridge. A band and weight up to 1kg with fulcrum arm of 1m length is provided

to load torque cell. The torque indicator is provided with zero balancing facility through adjustable

potentiometer.

Model Graph:

Result:

Thus the torque was determined using strain gauge and the percentage of error was found out.

TotalReadinginmm

Error



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EX.NO:12 DETERMINATION OF GEAR TOOTH THICKNESS USING

DATE: GEAR TOOTH VERNIER

Aim:-

To determine the gear tooth thickness using gear tooth Vernier.

Apparatus Required:

Gear tooth Vernier

Specimen

Description:

It is used to measure the thickness of gear tooth at pitch line or chordal thickness of tooth and

the distance from top of the tooth to the root. The thickness of a tooth at pitch line and the addendum

is measured by an adjustable tongue each of which is adjusted independently by adjusting screw ongraduated bars. The pitch circle diameter and whole depth of gear are found out using the test plug

method where the actual values are noted. Nominal values are found by calculations.

Formulae:

H= m+D p / 2 (1- cos(90/Z)

Where

H = addendum

m = module (m = Do / (z +2)), D0 – outside diameter.

D p = pitch circle diameter (Dp = m x Z)

Z = no. of teeth

Result:

Thus the thickness of the gear tooth for the given gear was determined and is found tob

14M514.Metrology and Measurement Laboratory Manual

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