1492 End of the Middle Ages?

Renaissance (“rebirth”):

Starting in Italy in 14th c.

Spreading to rest of Europe in later 15th c.

Continuing until early 17th c.

1422-61 Reign of Charles VII

Burgundy Anjou Orleans Bourbon

1461-83 Reign of Louis XI

Takes control of Anjou, Orleans, Bourbon

1467 Accession of Charles the Rash ofBurgundy

Map Link: France in 1453 (bottom map):

<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd_1911/shepherd-c-081.jpg>

Charles attempts to conquer Alsace andLorraine

Opposed by machinations of Louis, but initiallysuccessful

1476 Charles’ forces defeated by Swiss (twice)

Map Link: Burgundian Territories during the Reignof Charles the Rash:

<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Karte_Haus_Burgund_4_EN.png/426px-Karte_Haus_Burgund_4_EN.png>

1477 Charles killed at Nancy

Mary, daughter of Charles, marries heir toHoly Roman Empire

Burgundy passes to France

Low Countries pass to Holy Roman Empire

Renaissance Religion:

Flagellants

Visionaries and preachers

Saints (e.g Catherine of Siena,canonised 1461)

Religion in art (e.g. by MichelangeloBuonarroti [1475-1564])

Columbus: a religious missionary?

Protestant Reformation

Catholic Counter-Reformation

Martin Luther (1483-1546) - influenceof Hus and Wycliffe

Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1342-1400)

Canterbury Tales

Bureaucrat, diplomat, court poet

Spent some time in Italy

Translated the Romance of the Rose into(Middle) English

Renaissance Humanism:

Study of Classical works to emulate virtuesand learning of ancient world

Understand and address human position inworld through Classical tradition

Christine de Pizan (c. 1363-c. 1429)

“Three Crowns of Florence”:

Dante Alighieri (1265-1321)

Francesco Petrarch (1304-74)

Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-75)

Dante Alighieri (1265-1321)

The Divine Comedy

Inferno VirgilPurgatorio BeatriceParadiso St Bernard

of Clairvaux1290s Involved in politics

1302 Exiled from Florence

Giotto di Bondone (c. 1277-1337)

Masaccio (1401-c. 1428)