14517939 Nano Robots in Bio Technology

8/8/2019 14517939 Nano Robots in Bio Technology

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KNEW-2006, NanoRobots a revolution in Biotechnology

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KNEW - 2006A National Level Technical Symposium

PAPER PRESENTATION ON

The NanoRobotsA Revolution in Biotechnology

Guided By:

Satyaprasad. ALecturer, Dept. of ECE, CIT, Gubbi.

Tumkur.

Presented By:

Karthik Kumar HP, II Sem, ECE.[1CG05EC030]

Vinay R. II Sem, CSE.[1CG05CS087]


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ABSTRACT ABOUT THE NANO ROBOTS

Nanorobots are theoretical microscopic devices measured on the scale of nanometers

(1 nm equals one millionth of a millimeter). When fully realized from the hypothetical

stage, they would work at the atomic, molecular and cellular level to perform tasks in both

the medical and industrial fields that have heretofore been the stuff of science fiction.

These nanorobots are planned to use inside the human body, in the medical fields.

These nanorobots can be used to cure many diseases with negligible harm to the body.

These nano robots are very sensitive to the acoustic signals. Therefore these nano robots

can be programmed using the sound waves, to perform the specified task.

To do all these things inside the body, the nanorobots can get the energy from the

body itself. (In the form ofheat produced inside the body or glucose or sugars which are

present in the body itself).

These nano robots identify the particular harmful cells and try to quarantine it. If not

possible to quarantine, it may destroy the harmful cell itself.


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INTRODUCTION TO THE NANO ROBOTS

Here in this project we explain the way of curing diseases like cancer or to destroythe harmful cells in the body. And also how the scientists are going to manufacture these

special kinds of nanorobots?

Basic nanomachines are already in use. Nanobots will be the next generation of

nanomachines. Advanced nanobots will be able to sense and adapt to environmental

stimuli such as heat, light, sounds, surface textures, and chemicals; perform complex

calculations; move, communicate, and work together; conduct molecular assembly; and, to

some extent, repair or even replicate themselves.

Nanotechnology is the science and application of creating objects on a level smaller

than 100 nanometers. Nanotechnology spans and merges disciplines dealing with matter at

the micro level (physics, chemistry, and biology) with those dealing with matter at the

macro level (engineering, materials science and computer science).

A few generations from now someone diagnosed with cancer might be offered a new

alternative to chemotherapy (the traditional treatment of radiation that kills not justcancer cells but healthy human cells as well, causing hair loss, fatigue, nausea,

depression, and a host of other symptoms).

A doctor practicing nanomedicine would offer the patient an injection of a special

type of nanorobot that would seek out cancer cells and destroy them, dispelling the disease

at the source, leaving healthy cells untouched. A person undergoing a nanorobotic

treatment could expect to have no awareness of the molecular devices working inside

them, other than rapid betterment of their health.

Nanorobots are poised to bring the next revolution in technology and medicine,

replacing the cumbersome and toxic Industrial Age and opening humankind up to

incredible possibilities.


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BACKGROUND & HISTORY OF THE NANOROBOTS

Nanotech is a budding field, and it is unclear if it will pan out. The promise of

atomic-sized "machines" and "nanobots," however, is high. Will these technologies yield

super-materials or lead to great strides in medical science: time will tell.

So if nano robots are invented, then we can easily use the nanorobots to cure the

diseases in the body.

Instead of this as usual if we use the Chemotherapy method, in which to destroy the

cancer cells or to quarantine other cells, exposure of man to the direct radiations can

injure the genetic cells in the body & also it can kill the healthy human cells as well,

causing hair loss, fatigue, nausea, depression, and a host of other symptoms.

It means the chemotherapy treatment can affect the body health. & also weakens the

body strength.

SMART DUST:

Smartdust is a term used to describe groups of very small robots which may beused for monitoring and detection. Currently, the scale of smartdust is rather small; with

single sensors the size of a deck of playing cards, but the hope is to eventually have robots

as small as a speck of dust. Individual sensors of smartdust are often referred to as motes

because of their small size. These devices are also known as MEMS, which stands for

microelectromechanical sensors.

Energy use is a major area of research in the field of smartdust. With devices so

small, batteries present a massive addition of weight. It is therefore important to use

absolutely minimal amounts of energy in communicating the data they collect to central

hubs where it can be accessed by humans.

Development of smartdust continues at a breakneck speed, and it will no doubt

soon be commonplace to have a vast army of thousands or millions of nearly invisible

sensors monitoring our environment to ensure our safety and the efficiency of the

machines around us.


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APPLICATI ONS & ADVANTAGES OF THE NANO ROBOTS

The Nano Technology Nano Robots have so many feature that we cant express. But

similarly there is also a possibility of risks & dangerous or disadvantages may also be

their. But according to the inventions that now are going on, the advantages from these

nano robots are very-very high as compare to that of disadvantages.

IN ELECTRONICS:

Not only these types of nanorobots are useful in the Biotechnology, but also they can

be used in many fields such as in electronics fields also (In nano circuits) etc.,

Nanotechnology has numerous energy-related applications. Nanophotonics is the

application of nanotechnology to the transformation of electricity to light or light to

electricity. In this area, nanocrystals or nanophosphores can make this transformation

with greater efficiency than traditional incandescent lighting or solar panels. Using

nanoceramic material as the covering for batteries absorbs electromagnetic waves and

prolongs battery life. Nanopolymers provide high-performance insulation for energy

transmission lines and decrease energy loss across long distances.

IN SPORTS:

Nanotechnology is already being used for several sports and recreation related

applications. For example, nanotech tennis rackets and golf clubs are lighter, stronger, and

can be engineered to provide more motion control. Nanotech coatings on swim suits repel

water, reduce friction with the water, and allow swimmers to go faster.

IN TELECOMMUNICATION:

In the telecommunications industry, nanotechnology will play an important role in

the coming years particularly with respect to fiber optics. Nanocrystalline materials can

be made with finer resolution than standard fibers for enhanced optic cables, switches,

lenses and junctions. In telecommunications more generally, the fields of nanotechnology

and holotechnology will overlap in the design of the projection screens and user interfaces

of the next generations of holographic cell phones, Holographones, and televisions,

HoloTVs.


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IN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL FIELD:

Many human illnesses and injuries have their origins in nanoscale processes.

Accordingly, application of nanotechnology to the practice of medicine and biomedical

research opens up new opportunities to treat illnesses, repair injuries, and enhance human

functioning beyond what is possible with macroscale techniques. At the nanoscale level,

the distinctions between mechanical and biological processes blur. Nanoparticles can

attach to certain cells or tissues and provide medical images of their location and structure.

Hollow nanocapsules with pharmaceutical contents can attach to cancer cells and release

their payloads into them maximizing targeted delivery and minimizing systemic side

effects. Nanomedibots may repair vital tissue damaged by injury or disease, or destroy

cancerous tissue that has gone away, without invasive surgery.

Nanopharmacology is the application of nanotechnology to the discovery of new

molecular entities with pharmacological properties. Nanotechnology is also useful for

individualized matching of pharmaceuticals to particular people to maximize effectiveness

and minimize side effects. It is also used for delivery of pharmaceuticals to targeted

locations or specific types of tissue in the body.

There are promising applications of nanotechnology in the field of orthopedics.

Grafts of natural bone can carry disease or trigger immune rejection by the host. If one

sterilizes the bone to reduce the chances of disease, then this can weaken the bone.

Artificial bone cement without nanotechnology can work for small applications, but tends

to not have sufficient strength for load-bearing bone replacement. However, artificial

bone paste made with nanoceramic particles shows considerable promise for bone repair

and replacement, even in load-bearing applications.

In addition to delivering pharmaceuticals as discussed above, nanotech medical

robots ("nanomedibots") may be able to: monitor body function; repair damaged tissue at

the molecular level; deconstruct pathologic or abnormal material or cells such as cancer or

plaque; and enhance human health and functioning. Although nanomedibots have not been

developed, there are on going advances in nanofluidics and carbon nanotube flow sensors

that may become their building blocks. As nanotechnology and biotechnology advance,nanomedibots and engineered beneficial microorganisms may be integrated.


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Applications of these sensors are seemingly without end. Every aspect of life one

examines opens up new avenues for smartdust. Smartdust (A group of very small robots)

may eventually be used to monitor traffic and better direct it, to accompany soldiers and

alert them to any poisons or dangerous biological substances in the air, to follow people

around and track their activities, to track defects in products as they come off of an

assembly line, and even to enter human bodies and check for physiological problems.

A Hypothetical picture of Nano Robot with Blood Stream:

Blood Stream

Nano Robots


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RISKS, DANGER & DISADVANTAGES

Nanotechnology is a branch of science that deals with particles 1-100 nanometers insize. Experts believe possible dangers of nanotechnology lie in how these tiny particles

might interact with the environment, and more importantly, with the human body.

Billions of dollars are being spent to incorporate nanoparticles into products that are

already being marketed to the public; when this investment is compared to the

comparatively scant research into nanotech health issues, some scientists become

concerned.

Experts say the issue is that elements encountered at the nanoscale behave differently

than their larger counterparts. As an example, graphite's properties are well known and it

holds specific position in toxicology guidelines.

Nobel winning physicist Richard Smalley of Rice University discovered carbon

nanotubes and fullerenes (buckyballs) - nanoparticles of carbon - which are legally

categorized as graphite, yet they behave in ways unlike graphite making the classification

a potentially dangerous one.

In March 2004 tests conducted by environmental toxicologist Eva Oberdrster,

Ph.D., with Southern Methodist University in Texas found extensive brain damage to fish

exposed to fullerenes for a period of just 48 hours at a relatively moderate dose of 0.5

parts per million (commiserate with levels of other kinds of pollution found in bays). The

fish also exhibited changed gene markers in their livers, indicating their entire physiology

was affected. In a concurrent test, the fullerenes killed water fleas, an important link in the

marine food chain.

Other nanoparticles have also been shown to have adverse effects. Research from

University of California in San Diego in early 2002 revealed cadmium selenide

nanoparticles, also called quantum dots, can cause cadmium poisoning in humans. In 2004

British scientist Vyvyan Howard published initial findings that indicated gold

nanoparticles might move through a mother's placenta to the fetus; and as far back as 1997

scientists at Oxford discovered nanoparticles used in sunscreen created free radicals that

damaged DNA.


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Complicating the dangers of nanotechnology, size and shape of nanoparticles affect

the level of toxicity, preempting the ease of uniform categories even when considering a

single element. In general, experts report smaller particles are more bioactive and toxic.

Their ability to interact with other living systems increases because they can easily cross

the skin, lung, and in some cases the blood/brain barriers. Once inside the body, there may

be further biochemical reactions like the creation of free radicals that damage cells.

While the body has built-in defenses for natural particles it encounters, the danger of

nanotechnology is that it is introducing entirely new type of particles. So the body can take

some time to adjust with it.

Highest at risk are workers employed by manufacturers producing products that

contain nanoparticles. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

reports over 2 million Americans are exposed to high levels of nanoparticles and they

believe this figure will rise to 4 million in the near future. NIOSH publishes safety

guidelines and other information for those employed in the nanoindustry.

ECONOMI C IMPACT:

Another high concern among the potential dangers of molecular nanotechnology is

that many predict MNT will arrive suddenly and in full force. The sudden advent of

nanofactories producing clean, cheap, durable, products would adversely impact most

sectors in the job market. Skilled labor, factory workers, and many lines of distribution

would no longer be needed as corporations switched to nanotechnology or folded. Stocks

would be critically affected and the likelihood of economic upheaval, high.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND EXISTENTIAL DANGERS :

The use of nanofactories to make countless cheap, durable products could lead to

'disposable thinking' where products are created en mass and discarded in abundance,

overwhelming recycling needs and the environment.

Poor nations might use biomass (carbon-rich trees) as fuel for nanofactories,

leading to increased deforestation.


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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) AND ROBOTICS:

One of the most controversial dangers of molecular nanotechnology is that it will

open the door to computers that think faster than the human brain, giving machines a

superior edge. As robotics and AI combine to relieve humans of doing tasks that machines

can do better, faster and cheaper, some believe we may be paving the way to our own

destruction. Will nations secretly create armies of AI-enhanced, nano-augmented (think

bionic) supersoldiers to fight wars? Will politicians opt for AI-enhancements? Nano-

augmentation? Who will it be available to, and are we as a race headed towards total

dependency on machinery to the extent it becomes part of our biology? Will there be

equity or will a new class divide be created, similar to that depicted in Gattica? If we do

not embrace AI-enhancement and nano-augmentation will intelligent machines ultimately

decide we are unnecessary?

POTENTIAL DANGERS:

If potential benefits of molecular nanotechnology (MNT) sound too good to be

true, there is one caveat - the potential dangers of molecular nanotechnology. When

nanofactories can arrange atoms into structures - playing with the building blocks of lifeitself, or in this case nanoblocks -- theoretically anything allowable by the laws of physics

can be created fast and cheap. Requirements include a few square feet for the nanofactory,

the software, and an electrical outlet.

Criminals, terrorists, disturbed individuals, governments, and antisocial groups of

all stripes would be incredibly empowered by such technology. Additional potential

dangers of molecular nanotechnology threaten the economy, environment, human rights,

and world peace. The rush to gain supremacy through nanoweaponry could lead to a new

arms race, while attempts to stranglehold the technology would likely result in

independent, covert development. Unilateral, "open-source" international cooperation is

another option that runs its own risks, and control in the public sector could lead to

inequitable benefits and an Orwellian society.


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CONCLUSION

From these types of inventions, it will be useful for man to cure many diseases &to lead a fantastic life. But in these technologies there is a possible danger also.

However, finally we wish all the scientists, who are going to invent the nanorobots.

To invent this kind of special featured nanorobots in the safe kind which will be in the non

hazardous to the living kind.


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14517939 Nano Robots in Bio Technology

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