14259_MODIFICATION_OF_TWO_WHEELER_TO_OVERCOME_EXISTING_PROBLEMS

MODIFICATION OF TWO WHEELER TOOVERCOME EXISTING PROBLEMS

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

PARTH SOLANKI (120393119029)

HANEE PATEL (110390119036)

ANIKET PATEL (110390119030)

RAJ SONI (110390119025)

In fulfilment for the award of degreeOf

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERINGIn

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SAFFRONY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MAHASANA

Gujarat Technological University, AhmedabadDECEMBER, 2014


BACHELOR IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

Date:

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled“MODIFICATION OF TWO WHEELER” has beencarried out by PARTH NANALAL SOLANKI under myguidance in fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor ofEngineering in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (7thSemester/8th Semester) of Gujarat Technological University,Ahmedabad during the academic year 2014-15.

Guide:

Prof. CHITRALEKHA NAHAR

Assistant Professor

Mechanical Department

____________________________

Head of the Department



CERTIFICATE

Date:

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled“MODIFICATION OF TWO WHEELER” has beencarried out by HANEE RAMESHBHAI PATEL under myguidance in fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor ofEngineering in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (7thSemester/8th Semester) of Gujarat Technological University,Ahmedabad during the academic year 2014-15.

Guide:


Assistant Professor


____________________________




CERTIFICATE

Date:

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled“MODIFICATION OF TWO WHEELER” has beencarried out by ANIKET JIGNESHBHAI PATEL under myguidance in fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor ofEngineering in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (7th

Semester/8th Semester) of Gujarat Technological University,Ahmedabad during the academic year 2014-15.

Guide:


Assistant Professor


____________________________




CERTIFICATE

Date:

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled“MODIFICATION OF TWO WHEELER” has beencarried out by RAJ VASANTKUMAR SONI under myguidance in fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor ofEngineering in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (7thSemester/8th Semester) of Gujarat Technological University,Ahmedabad during the academic year 2014-15.

Guide:


Assistant Professor


____________________________


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Every Orientation work has an imprint of manypeople and we hereby take this excellent opportunityto acknowledge all the help, guidance & support thatwe have received for the completion of this project.

We take immense pleasure in thankingDr. Amish P Vyas the principal of saffronyinstitute of technology and Mr. S M Patel thehead of mechanical department saffrony instituteof technology who permitted us to carry out ourproject.

We wish to express our deep sense of gratitude toour Internal Guide, Ms. Chitralekha Nahar theassistant professor of mechanical department saffronyinstitute of technology for her able guidance anduseful suggestions, which helped us during project.

Words are inadequate in offering thanks to ourbeloved parents, who had been a source of inspirationand for their blessings, our friends/classmates for theirhelp and wishes for the successful completion of thisproject.

ABSTRACT

To modify a two wheeled vehicle to overcome the existingproblems in two-wheeler by improving the performances,stability and control.

The modified vehicle will be easy to learn for all age group.

The vehicle will have improved turning regardless of tractionand making it to run on muddy and slippery road.

Designed vehicle will eliminate the fear of falling.

INDEX

ACKNOWLEDGMENT_____________________________________________________________ I

ABSTRACT_______________________________________________________________________ II

Chapter1__________________________________________________________________________ 1

INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Chapter 2_________________________________________________________________________ 3

BRIEF HISTORY OF WORK

2.1 HISTORY OF WORK2.2 CANVAS PRACTICE -12.3 CANVAS PRACTICE -2

Chapter 3__________________________________________________________________________4

LITERATURE SURVEY

3.1 HISTORY3.2 PIAGGIO MP33.2.1 SUSPENTION SYSTEM OF MP33.3 KAWASAKI CONCEPT J

Chapter 4__________________________________________________________________________9

PROBLEM SUMMERY

4.1 LACK OF STABILITY WHILE TURNING4.2 DIFFICULT TO BALANCE ON ROUGH ROADS4.3 SKIDDINGON SLIPPERY ROADS4.4 FEAR OF FOLLING4.5 TIRESOME IN TRAFFIC CONDITION4.6 DIFFICULT TO DRIVE FOR OLD AND PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED PEOPLE4.7 DIFFICULT TO LEARN

Chapter 5_________________________________________________________________________15

OUR SOLUTION FORTHE PROBLEM

5.1 SOLUTION

Chapter 6_________________________________________________________________________16

DESIGN

6.1 GEOMETRIC MODEL6.2 WORKING PRINCIPLE

Chapter 7_________________________________________________________________________20

EXPECTED OUTCOME

7.1 ADVANTAGES7.2 DISADVATANGES

Chapter 8_________________________________________________________________________23

PATENT SEARCH AND ANALYSIS REPORT

Chapter 9_________________________________________________________________________30

REFERANCES

LIST OF FIGURES

No Name PageNo

1 3.1 BUTLER PETROL CYCLE 42 3.2 MP-3 PIAGGIO 53 3.3 KAWASAKI CONCEPT J 84 4.1 LACK OF STABILITY WHILE

TURNING 9

5 4.2 DIFFICULT TO BALANCE ONROUGH ROADS 10

6 4.3 SKIDDINGON SLIPPERY ROADS 117 4.4 FEAR OF FOLLING 118 4.5 TIRESOME IN TRAFFIC CONDITION 12

94.6 DIFFICULT TO DRIVE FOR OLDAND PHYSICALLY CHALLENGEDPEOPLE

13

10 4.7 DIFFICULT TO LEARN 1411 6.1 TILTING LINK MECHANISM 1612 6.2 PARALLELOGRAM PRINCIPLE 1713 6.3 TILTED VIEW 1 1814 6.4 FRONT VIEW 1815 6.5 TILTED VIEW 2 19

1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT

1.1 INTRODUCTION :

We can’t imagine our life without automobile. Automobileis now become the important part of humans Life. There areseveral types of vehicles as per our requirement and applicationssuch as human transport, goods transportation entertainment etc.

Basically they are classified as:

Two-wheeler. (Bike, scooter, mopeds etc ) Four- wheeler. (Car, jeep, tractor etc.) Six-wheeler. (Bus, truck etc.) Eight and more- wheeler. (Transporting vehicles, special

tractor etc.)

In four, six, and eight wheeled vehicle are highly stable ascompare to the two wheeled vehicle because they have morethan one number of track. As there is more number of wheels incontact with the ground surface which makes it safer, balancedand stable vehicle.

In two wheeled vehicle there is only a single track whichmakes it difficult to balance and unstable.

Now a day’s large numbers of two wheelers are owned bypeople. A person of all age group as well as physicallychallenged people drives two-wheeler. They face many

2

problems while driving two wheelers such as lack of stabilitywhile turning, skidding on slippery roads, problem in balancingon bad roads etc. To overcome this problem, we are modifying atwo-wheeler to overcome this existing problems faced by peopleevery day.

3

CHAPTER 2


2.1 HISTROY OF WORK

1 • MARKET SURVEY

2 • SELECTION OF AREAS

3 • IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS

4 • BRAINSTORMING (OBSERVATION MATRIX)

5 • SELECION OF PROJECT

6 • IDENTIFACTION OF AREA FOR IMPROVEMENT

7 • IDEA CANVAS

8 • CONCEPT OF DESIGN

9 • DESIGN

10 • CONCLUSION

3

CHAPTER 2


2.1 HISTROY OF WORK

• MARKET SURVEY

• SELECTION OF AREAS

• IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS

• BRAINSTORMING (OBSERVATION MATRIX)

• SELECION OF PROJECT

• IDENTIFACTION OF AREA FOR IMPROVEMENT

• IDEA CANVAS

• CONCEPT OF DESIGN

• CONCLUSION

3

CHAPTER 2


2.1 HISTROY OF WORK

• BRAINSTORMING (OBSERVATION MATRIX)

• IDENTIFACTION OF AREA FOR IMPROVEMENT

4

CHAPTER 3

LITERATURE SURVEY3.1 HISTORY

The first commercial design for a self-propelled bicycle was a three-wheel design called the “ButlerPetrol Cycle” conceived of Edward butler in England in 1884.

The vehicle was built by the MERRY WEATHER FIREENGINE COMPANY in Greenwich, in 1888.

Fig.3.1 “Butler Petrol Cycle”

The Butler Petrol Cycle was a three-wheeled vehicle, withthe rear wheel directly driven by a 0.625 hp (466W) 600 cc(57×127-mm) flat twin four stroke engine with magnetoignition replaced by coil and battery equipped with rotaryvalves and a float-fed carburettor five years before Maybachand Ackermann steering, all of which were state of the art at thetime. Starting was by compressed air.

The engine was liquid-cooled, with a radiator over the reardriving wheel. Speed was controlled by means of a throttle

5

valve lever. No braking system was fitted; the vehicle wasstopped by rising and lowering the rear driving wheel using afoot-operated lever; the weight of the machine was then borneby two small castor wheels. The driver was seated between thefront wheels. It wasn't, however, a success, as Butler failed tofind sufficient financial backing.

3.2 PIAGGIO MP-3

The piaggio MP 3 is a tilting three wheeled scooter fromItalia manufacturer piaggio first marketed in 2006 noted for itscombination of two front wheels and a single rear wheel.MP 3 is an acronym of “Moto Piaggio a 3 route” Italian for"Piaggio motorcycle with 3 wheels"

FIG 3.2 “MP 3 PIAGGIO”

6

3.2.1 Suspension system of MP-3

The front suspension is similar to the single-sided trailingarm of vespa-style suspensions, linked by an alloyparallelogram and a central steering arm. When moving at slowspeeds or stopped, the rider maintains balance by maintainingforward motion or placing feet on the ground. The frontsuspension locks or unlocks with the switch, located just belowthe throttle on the right handlebar. The suspension lock can beactivated only manually, and only at low speeds or at a stop; it isdisengaged when the engine speed exceeds 2,500 rpm.

A parking brake is used in conjunction with the lockingmechanism to park the bike. A traditional centre stand also isprovided, useful in situations where the suspension cannot belocked, such as with a dead battery (though the suspension willremain locked if the battery fails or is removed while scooter isparked.)

Since it is in the introduction stage 125cc, 250cc, 300(278) cc, 400cc and 500cc versions have been available in themarket.

In June 2009, the MP3 LT 400 was launched in the UK.This version has a slightly wider front track allowing it to beclassified as a tricycle rather than as a motorcycle. This allowsthe LT400 variant to be driven on a standard UK car licencerather than the motorcycle licence required for the originalversions.

In September 2009, a plug in hybrid vehicle version ofthe MP3 was launched, following trials in 2008 by the NewYork City police department. It has a 125 cc engine and abattery-driven 2.6 kW (3.5 hp) electric motor, witha regenerative braking system. The vehicle has three user-

7

selected variants of hybrid drive to create a vehicle capable ofup to 1.67 L/100 km. It is capable to pick up (0–97 km/h) in5 seconds when both methods of propulsion are used.

In electric model the MP3 can travel a distance of 18 km ata maximum speed of 32 km/h. When both power sources areused the MP3 can run for a maximum of 25 minutes, withperformance equivalent to a 250 cc scooter. When poweredsolely by the petrol engine the MP3 is slower than other 125 ccmachines due to its weight 249 kg compared with 208 kg for thepetrol-only model.

3.3 KAWASAKI J CONCEPT

The Kawasaki J technically has three wheels, but in SportMode the two front wheels are pushed together, and the entiremachine hunkers down to lower the centre of gravity. InComfort Mode, the stance is raised and the front wheelsseparate, giving the ride a more upright position that is, well,more comfortable. Instead of handlebars, steering isaccomplished with two levers, one attached to each of the frontwheels. It’s a decidedly Steam punk mechanism, compared tothe bike’s Cyberpunk styling. In three-wheeled Comfort Mode,the J concept looks like a scooter used by mall cops in thefuturistic Grid city from Tron. In maximum-attack Sport Mode,it looks completely otherworldly.

Powering the Kawasaki J is an electric motor hooked to anickel-metal hydride (NiMH) battery pack. The packagingadvantages of an electric power train were probably needed toaccomplish the J’s transformation stunt. Note that it doesn’t usethe lithium-ion batteries that are found in most electric car andplug-in hybrids.

8

FIG.3.3 KAWASAKI CONCEP J

9

CHAPTER 4

PROBLEM SUMMERYWhile driving two wheelers there are many chances of

getting off balance which causes accident. Tilting of vehicle isinseparable while turning, which some time causes chance ofskidding especially during monsoon.

Two wheelers are difficult to learn as well as Old and ahandicap person faces difficulty in handling while driving twowheelers.

Driving two wheelers during traffic condition is tired-someand also causes discomfort.

4.1 LACK OF STABILITY WHILE TURNING

FIG. 4.1

10

While turning centrifugal force acts on the vehicle, due towhich gyroscopic action takes place in order to balance thevehicle and making it to leaning towards the centre of circle. Asthe vehicle leans, contact area between the tire and surfacedecreases, hence decreases the grip on road and tends to slip andmay cause fatal accident.

4.2 DIFFICULT TO BALANCE ON ROUGH ROADS

FIG. 4.2

Due to bad terrain it is difficult to balance a single trackvehicle; hence it may fall and injure the rider.

11

4.3 SKIDDING ON SLIPPERY ROADS

FIG. 4.3

Due to slippery road the coefficient of friction betweentires and road decreases which results in skidding of vehicle andcauses accident.

4.4 FEAR OF FALLING

FIG. 4.4

12

There is always a fear of falling from a two wheeledvehicle because it is difficult to balance and control.

4.5 TIRESOME IN TRAFFIC CONDITION

FIG. 4.5

Driving a vehicle in traffic is very tiresome as one have toapply clutch, shift gear, balance and control the vehicle,balancing the vehicle by legs as many time while brakingvehicle every time.

13

4.6 DIFFICULT TO DRIVE FOR OLD AND PHYSICALLYCHALLENGED PEOPLE

FIG. 4.6

It is very difficult to drive two wheeled vehicle for old andphysically challenged people because it is difficult to balanceand control it, which may leads to accident causing seriousinjuries.

14

4.7 DIFFICULT TO LEARN

FIG. 4.7

Learning single track vehicle is very difficult and dangerous task as itrequires balancing and controlling of vehicle. There are many chancesto get injury to learner as well as other people passing nearby.

15

CHAPTER 5

OUR SOLUTION FOR THE PROBLEMS

5.1 SOLUTION

By providing a mechanical solution by modifying two-wheeled vehicle into three wheeled vehicle.

Modification in suspension system.

Providing a flexible mechanical linkage which allows tiltingof vehicle.

One more wheel to the vehicle will improve turningregardless of traction and making it to run on wet, muddy andslippery road.

16

CHAPTER 6

DESIGN

6.1 GEOMTRIC MODEL

FIG. 6.1 TILTING LINK MECHANISM

As shown in fig 6.1 there are two wheels. Each wheel ishaving an arm which controls the direction of the vehicle andalso provides stability. As there are total three wheels of thevehicle the area of contact between the tires and road surfaceincreases, hence increases the traction on the road improving thestability of the vehicle.

The two arms of each wheel are connected with each otherthrough two mechanical links of same length with the help of

17

knuckle joints as shown in the Fig. 6.1 which forms a four barchain mechanism.

6.2 WORKING PRINCIPLE

The control arms of the vehicle forms the four bar chain asmentioned in section 6.1. This four bar chain mechanism isconnected in such a way that the relative motion between twoarms of wheels follows the law of parallelogram where the bothlinks remains parallel to each other and both arms remainsparallel to each other.

As the motion follows law of parallelogram, the vehicletends to lean. Tilting of vehicle is inseparable while turning,which some time causes chance of skidding. As we have addedone more wheel at the front of vehicle, it gives more area ofcontact between the tires and road surface which ultimatelyincreases the friction between them, and hence reduce theskidding of the vehicle.

FIG. 6.2

18

FIG. 6.3

FIG. 6.4

19

FIG. 6.5

As there is double track at the front side of the vehicle therequirement of balancing vehicle is eliminated as it becomes selfstabled vehicle. As there the vehicle is balanced the controllingof the vehicle becomes easy.

By using independent suspensions for both the wheelsthere will be independent motion of both the wheels, whichimproves the controlling of the vehicle on bad terrains withsmooth and comfortable ride making it a safer vehicle.

As there is more number of wheels compared to twowheeled vehicle 50% of braking power increase helpingimproved vehicle control and decreases the braking distance andtime.

20

CHAPTER 7

EXPECTED OUTOME7.1 ADVANTAGES

This vehicle will have more stability than two

wheeled vehicle.

This vehicle will be easy to control.

There will be reduction in skidding of vehicle onslippery surface.

It will eliminate the fear of falling

It will be easy to learn for all age group includingphysically challenged people.

The ride will be more comfortable and smoother.

There will be ease in taking sharp turns.

It will have 50% more braking power.

Modified suspension system will have efficientdamping of shocks and vibration.

It will be less tiresome in traffic condition.

There will be ease in parking the vehicle.

It will reduce the stress on the legs of driver.

The modified vehicle will reduce the chances of

accidents.

This vehicle will be safer then the two wheeled singletrack vehicle.

21

7.2 DISADVANTAGES

Increases the weight of vehicle.

Requires more power to propel.

Increase in maintenance.

Increase in cost of vehicle.

22

CHAPTER 8

PATENT SEARCH AND ANALYSIS REPORTPATENT-1

TITLE:

UNIVERSAL AIR SUSPENSION SYSTEM

PUB. NO.:4,379,572

PUB DATE:Apr. 12, 1983

INVENTOR:

William E. Hedenberg

OBJECTIVE:

Ease in adaptation for mounting as a primarysuspension for various types of vehiclesregardless of frame construction or size.

OUR IDEA:

To use variable length air suspensions toadjust ride height of vehicle according toterrain.

23

PATENT-2

TITLE:

SUSPENSION TRAVEL- LIMITINGARRANGEMENT

PUB. NO.:US 6,805,215 B2

PUB DATE:Oct. 19, 2004

INVENTOR:

Benjamin S. Puterbaugh

OBJECTIVE:

To move suspension within predefine

mounting component

OUR IDEA:

To use variable pressure air suspension for to

vary stiffness.

PATENT-3

TITLE:

TRAILING ARM SUSPENSION SYSTEM

PUB No.:

US 7,178,817 B1

24

PUB DATE:

Feb. 20, 2007

INVENTORS:

Terry Welles

Mahlon T. Bontrager

OBJECTIVE:

To reduce sway and lower the C.G height.

OUR IDEA:

To use split-beam suspension system to reducetorsion.

PATENT-4

TITLE: MODULAR TRAILING ARMSUSPENSION

PUB No.:

US 6,702,325 B1

PUB DATE:Mar. 9, 2004

INVENTORS:William C. Pierce

OBJECTIVE:To reduce assembly time and assembly cost.

25

OUR IDEA:To use individual arms on each rear wheelfor easy assembly, reduce assembly cost andtime and improving stability of vehicle.

PATENT-5

TITLE:SPLIT-BEAM SUSPENSION SYSTEM

PUB NO.:5,203,585

PUB DATE:Apr. 20, 1993

INVENTORS:William C. Pierce

OBJECTIVE:To reduce the torsional moment on the trailingarm.

OUR IDEA:To use a modular split-beams to reduceassembly cost and assembly time.

26

PATENT-6

TITLE:IN-WHEEL ELECTRIC MOTORS

PUB. NO.:US 2005/0045392 A1

PUB. DATE.:Mar, 3, 2005

INVENTORS:Boris A. MaslovAlexanden Pyntikov

Kevin Pavlon

OBJECTIVE:Space utilization, compact system, bettertraction and control of each wheel inautomobile.

OUR IDEA:To use single battery of bigger size insteadof four small batteries.

PATENT-7

TITLE:

VEHICLE WITH A SEMI-AUTOMOTIC

TRANSMISSION HAVING A REVERSE

GEAR

PUB. NO.:

US 2011/0042157 A1

27

PUB. DATE:

Feb, 24, 2011

INVENTORS:

Roger Rioux

Jean-philippe Houle

OBJECTIVE:

Ease of operation of a geared vehicle by justoperating switches in place of wholemechanism to change gears.

OUR IDEA:It can be fully automatic system by acontroller which changes gears accordingly.

PATENT-8

TITLE:

ON DEMAND SYSTEM FOR USINGWATER AS A SOLE FUEL

PUB. NO:

US 2010/0288212 A1

PUB DATE:

NOV, 18, 2010

INVENTOR:

Norman Williams

28

OBJECTIVE:

For better performance of engine and negligiblecarbon emission.

OUR IDEA:

To use urea catalytic converter in exhaust

system to reduce NOx emission.

PATENT-9

TITLE:

AIR BEARING

Pub No:

6,024,491

Pub Date:

Feb. 15, 2000

INVENTOR:

Michael J. Bak

OBJECTIVE:

To eliminate friction between metals in

bearing.

OUR IDEA:

It can be made from light weight materialsand even from good quality plastic materialsfor manufacturing cost reduction.

29

PATENT-10

TITLE:

MICROTURBINE POWER GENERATING

SYSTEM

PUB NO.:

US 6,198,174 B1

PUB. DATE:

MAR, 6 .2001

INVENTORS:

Robert a. Nims

Patrick lee o’brien

Terrence emerson

OBJECTIVE:

Compact, multi fuel and modular power

generating system with less number of moving

parts.

OUR IDEA:

To reduce friction at high speed in bearingair bearing can be use for improve output.

30

CHAPTER 9

REFERENCES

http://www.ipindia.nic.in/

http://www.epo.org/searching/

http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/

Patents from Google

14259_MODIFICATION_OF_TWO_WHEELER_TO_OVERCOME_EXISTING_PROBLEMS

Documents

Transcript of 14259_MODIFICATION_OF_TWO_WHEELER_TO_OVERCOME_EXISTING_PROBLEMS