14 Vocab Practice Cards (1)
Transcript of 14 Vocab Practice Cards (1)
Adapted to the
Physical Environment
Belief Systems
People change their ways of doing things
in response to physical
characteristics of places – like building
a house of logs, stone, or sod.
Include the beliefs and values shared by members of a racial,
ethnic, or social group as well as
those held by individuals – like religion, customs, values, attitudes, ideals and world
views.
Civic Participation
Command Economy
Being concerned with and involved
in the public affairs of a community, state, nation, or
world.
In a command system economic decisions
are made by a central governmental agency
or authority. Communism is one
example of a command economy.
Cultural Borrowing
Culture Regions
The process by which
a culture group adopts patterns of
speech, actions, and artifacts which are characteristic of another culture
group.
An area within which a particular culture system prevails –
marked by all of the characteristics of a culture including
ways people dress, what they eat, ways of earning a living,
building styles.
Culture Traits
Culture(s)
A single element of normal practice in a culture – like using
chopsticks or wearing a veil or
turban.
The total pattern of human behavior and
its products embodied in thought, speech, action, and
artifacts.
Direct Democracy
Representative
Democracy
A government in which citizens vote
directly on each issue.
A government in which people elect representatives to
manage the country and make laws.
Spatial Diffusion
Constitutional Democracy
The process by which an idea or innovation is transmitted from one individual or group to another
across space.
A government which agrees to establish a limited government
through a constitution in order to protect individual rights and promote the common good.
Factors of Production
Frames of Reference
Resources needed to create products
including land, capital, labor and entrepreneurship.
People experience life from a variety of
vantage points. By understanding different
frames of reference, students gain a greater
understanding of history and how it relates to current
events.
Free Enterprise
System
Geographic Factors
A system in which individuals depend on supply, demand,
and prices to determine the
answers to economic questions.
The physical
characteristics that influence settlement
and development of a place, like vegetation, climate, and weather
patterns.
Human Migration
Limited
Government
The process of
people moving from one place and
relocating to another place intending to
stay permanently or at least for a long
period of time.
A government in which everyone,
including all authority figures,
must obey the laws.
Unlimited Government
Location of Economic Activities
A government where control is placed
solely with the ruler and his/her
appointees, and there are no limits imposed on his/her authority.
Factors that affect location include labor
costs, energy costs, and the availability of land and resources. Factors that tend to affect the
location of “high-tech” economic activities include access to
universities, research centers and a pool of
highly trained workers.
Market Economy
Non-Renewable Resources
An economy in
which individuals depend on supply,
demand, and prices to determine the answer
to economic questions.
Resources that are finite and cannot be replaced once they
are used – like fossil fuels and
minerals.
Physical Processes
Points of View
Physical processes are nature’s methods
of operation that produce, maintain, or alter Earth’s physical
systems. Physical processes shape the
physical environment producing landforms and other features of
Earth.
Social scientists
and historians strive to understand evidence by
identifying different interests, opinions,
and attitudes.
Level of
Development
Primary Sources
Countries with high levels of urbanization and industrialization that
enjoy high material stands of living are referred to as
developed countries. Countries with lower levels of progress and
prosperity are considered less developed or underdeveloped
countries.
Consists of
evidence produced by someone who participated in an
event or lived during the time being studied.
Secondary Sources
Thematic Maps
Include descriptions
or interpretations prepared by people
who were not involved in the
events described – like textbooks or
biographies.
Shows a specific
spatial distribution, theme, or topic such
as population density, cattle production,
climates of the world, or distribution of world religions.
Technological Innovations
Scarcity
New ways of doing things that are based in technology. For
example, travel became easier due to
improvements in transportation which began with systems of canals, roads, and
railroads.
The condition of not
being able to have all of the goods and services
one wants. Resources do not exist in sufficient
quantities to satisfy all desires to use them.
Rarely can one country or region satisfy all
demands.
Civic
Responsibilities
Ramadan
Obeying the law, respecting the rights of others, being informed
and attentive to the needs of the community,
communicating with representatives, voting, paying taxes, serving on juries, and serving in the armed forces.
The holy month in
the calendar of Islam. Muslims
fast between sunrise and sunset each day during
Ramadan.
Renewable Resources
Personal
Responsibilities
Resources that can be regenerated such as fish, timber, and
soil.
Taking care of
oneself, accepting responsibility for
one’s actions, taking advantage of the opportunity to be
educated, supporting one’s family.
Primary Economic
Activities
Secondary Economic Activities
Primary economic activities are those
that use natural resources directly
like fishing, forestry, agriculture, and
mining.
Secondary economic
activities use raw materials to produce
or manufacture something new and more valuable like steel, flour, iron,
plywood, or power.
Tertiary Economic
Activities
Quaternary Economic Activities
Tertiary economic activities are those
that provide services, like doctors, teachers,
dry cleaners, secretaries, store
clerks, truck drivers or restaurant personnel.
Quaternary economic activities are those in
which individuals process, administer,
and disseminate information like
education, government, information processing
and research.
Totalitarian
Traditional Economy
A type of unlimited
government that attempts to control all facets of the lives of
citizens. Independent associations are prohibited and
government resorts to intimidation to impose
rule.
A system in which the allocation of
resources and other economic activities
are affected by ritual, custom, or habit.
Transportation Corridor
Transportation
Barrier
Routes by which
people and freight move from one
place to another by automobile,
railroad, airplane, or ship.
Transportation becomes more
difficult as geographic, political,
and economic barriers force
changes in direction or method of
transportation – mountains,
boundaries, oceans.
World Regions
Standard of Living
Divisions of Earth’s
space that are similar or linked in some way. There
are political, climate, vegetation,
cultural regions.
Standard of Living is a function of the level of
development in a country, measured by factors such as the amount of personal
income, levels of education, food
consumption, life expectancy, availability
of health care, ways natural resources are
used, and level of technology.
Yom Kippur and Rosh Hashanah
Jewish holidays that include
atonement for sins and celebration of the Jewish New
Year.