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1.4 Reflective Practice - National Disability Services · Community Engagement – working...
Transcript of 1.4 Reflective Practice - National Disability Services · Community Engagement – working...
Workbook1.4PersonCentredPracticeAcrossCultures
ReflectivePractice-whydifferentpointsofviewmatter
July2016
futures UPFRONT
ThisworkbookhasbeendevelopedforNationalDisabilityServicesby:BarbelWinter,ManagingDirector,futuresUpfrontandMariaKatrivesis,ConsultantandTrainerFirstpublished(July2016)©futuresUpfrontFormoreinformationandforpermissiontoreproducepleasecontact:futuresUpfrontemail:[email protected]:www.futuresupfront.com.au ProducedbyNDSNSWLevel18,1CastlereaghStSydney,NSW2000FundedbyNSWDepartmentofFamilyandCommunityServices.©ThispublicationiscopyrightAllrightsreserved.ExceptasprovidedintheCopyrightAct1968(Commonwealth),nouseofthiswork,whichiswithintheexclusiverightofthecopyrightowners,maybemade.ContactNDS0292563100ndsnsw@nds.org.auwww.nds.org.auAboutNationalDisabilityServicesNationalDisabilityServicesisthepeakbodyfornon-governmentdisabilityservices.Itspurposeistopromotequalityserviceprovisionandlifeopportunitiesforpeoplewithdisability.NDS’sAustralia-widemembershipincludesmorethan1000non-governmentorganisations,whichsupportpeoplewithallformsofdisability.NDSprovidesinformationandnetworkingopportunitiestoitsmembersandpolicyadvicetostate,territoryandfederalgovernments.
Table of Contents
1. Preface......................................................................................................................21.1 Howtousethisworkbook?...................................................................................................21.2 Whatisthisworkbookabout?...............................................................................................31.3 Outcomes:.............................................................................................................................31.4 Whoisthisworkbookfor?....................................................................................................31.5 Howlongwillthisworkbooktaketocomplete?...................................................................3
2. TheWorkbook...........................................................................................................42.1 Whatisreflectivepractice?...................................................................................................42.2 ThoughtfulActionvsReflectivePractice...............................................................................52.3 Whatarethebenefitsofreflectivepractice?........................................................................62.4 ThinkingonyourfeetvsReflectivePractice..........................................................................62.5 HowdowedoReflectivePractice?.......................................................................................6
2.5.1 ReflectivePracticeCycle:..................................................................................................72.6 UsingReflectivePracticetoolstothinkcriticallyaboutacasestudy.................................11
3. Conclusion................................................................................................................17
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1. Preface
ThisworkbookispartofaseriesofresourcesforthedisabilityservicessectordesignedbyfuturesUpfrontforNDSwithfundingprovidedbytheNSWDepartmentofFamilyandCommunityServices;Ageing,DisabilityandHomeCare.
1.IndividualPractices–workingwithpeoplefromCALDbackgroundswithdisability
1.1Empathy–apracticetoconnectacrosscultures
1.2Activelistening–unconditionalpositiveregardacrosscultures
1.3Choicemaking–cross-culturaldifferencesandwhatcanwelearnfromthem
1.4ReflectivePractice–whydifferentpointsofviewmatter
1.5Workingeffectivelywithinterpreters
2.OrganisationalPractices–buildingaculturallyresponsiveorganisation
2.1Terminologyanddata–aguidetounderstandingculturaldiversityanddisability
2.2Makingthebusinesscase–whydiversityisgoodforbusiness
2.3Aculturallyresponsivepersoncentredorganisation–keyelements
2.4Leadingtowardsculturalresponsiveness–apracticalguideformanagers,teamleadersandcoaches
2.5Buildingadiverseworkforce–practicalstrategies
2.6Valuingbilingualworkers–strategiestorecruit,trainandretain
3.CommunityEngagement–workingalongsidediversecommunities
3.11Community@atime–culturallyresponsivecommunityengagementprinciplesandelements
3.2MakingLinks–networkingwithCALDCommunities
3.3Cross-culturalstory-basedmarketing–1story@atime
Thisworkbookispartof“IndividualPractices–workingwithpeoplefromCALDbackgroundswithdisability”series.
1.1 How to use this workbook? Thisworkbookcanbeusedinmanydifferentways,including:
´ Asaself-pacedlearningprogrambyanindividual
´ Asaself-pacedlearningprogramforagroup
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´ Aspartofformaltrainingorganisedbyanorganisation
´ Aspartofcoachingandmentoring.
Thisworkbookincludesexercisesandopportunitiesforreflections(whenworkingbyyourself)ordiscussions(whenworkingwithothers).
Thereisplentyofroominyourworkbooktotakenotesandmakecomments.
1.2 What is this workbook about? Thisworkbookisaboutdevelopingyourpersoncentredpracticeacrosscultures.Itdescribeshowyoucanusereflectivepracticeandcriticalthinkingtobetterunderstandhowyourworldviewimpactsonandinfluencesyourbehaviourandworkpractice.
Itprovidesyouwiththetoolstochallengeyourthinkinganddeveloppracticesthathelpyouseetheworldfromthepointofviewofthepeopleyousupportandyourco-workers.
1.3 Outcomes: Oncompletionoftheworkbookyouwill:
´ Beabletousecriticalthinkingtoreflectonanareaofyourworkpractice
´ Betterunderstandhowyourvaluesandjudgementsimpactonyourworkpractice
´ Havetoolstoreflectonyourworkpracticeanddiscoveryourblindspots.
1.4 Who is this workbook for? ThisworkbookisforanyonewhowouldlikecontinuechallengethemselvesandtheirteamstobuildtheirskillsforworkingculturallyresponsivelyandrespectfullywithpeoplefromCALDbackgroundswithdisability.
1.5 How long will this workbook take to complete? Thisworkbookshouldtakeyou60minutestocomplete.Howeverwerecommendsettingaside2-3hourswhenusingthisworkbookwithyourteamstoexploreandchallengeyourworkpractice.
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2. The Workbook
2.1 What is reflective practice? Reflectivepracticeis“asetofabilitiesandskills,toindicatethetakingofacriticalstance,anorientationtoproblemsolvingorstateofmind”(Moon,1999:63).
Itistheprocessofreflectingonourexperiencetoimproveouractionsandprofessionalpractice.Itinvolveslookingathowandwhywethinkandbehaveinanygivensituation.It’saboutbeingconsciousandawareofouractionsandtheirconsequences.Itforcesustoquestionwhatitisthatweknowandhowwehavecometoknowit.
Awiderangeofactivitiesassociatedwiththinkingandlearningaboutourworkpracticessuchas:
´ selfandpeerassessment,
´ problem-basedlearning,
´ personaldevelopmentplanning,and
´ groupwork
canallbeusedtosupportareflectivepracticeapproach.
Reflectivepracticeencouragesyoutodevelopself-awarenessandcriticallythinkabouthowourculturalframeworks,valuesandbeliefsimpactonourinteractionswithothers.Regularreflectivepracticehelpsincreaseyourawarenessofyourpersonallens(es).Itcansupportyoutodevelopagreaterlevelofself-awarenessaboutthenatureandimpactofyourworkperformance,whichcanleadtoopportunitiesforprofessionalgrowthanddevelopment.
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2.2 Thoughtful Action vs Reflective Practice Reflectivepracticeisdifferenttotheeverydaythoughtfulaction,orreflectiononthego:
Thoughtful Action Reflective Practice
Isinstantaneous–onedecideswhattodonext,thinkingaboutitforonlyasplitsecond
Requiresonetotaketimeouttoreflect.Itinvolvesaconsciousattempttoplan,describe,andreflectontheprocessandoutcomesoftheaction
Thereisnocycleofclearlydefinedseparatephases.Itisanunpredictablesequencebecauseonerespondstoeventsinthesituationitself.
Itisaclearcycleofseparatemomentsinwhichoneengagesincompletelydifferentactivities.
Thereisnodescribingmoment,becauseoneisengagedinacting.
Asreflectionoccursafteraction,onecreatesanobservationalrecordanddescribestheresultsoftheaction.
Oneisnotaimingatanimprovementtothepractice.Oneisthinkingabouthowbesttodowhatonealwaysdoes.
Themajoraimistoproduceanimprovementtothepractice.
Thereisnoelementofinquiryandoneisnotdeliberatelysettingouttolearnsomethingfromexperience.
Onedesignsandusesinquirystrategiestofindoutmoreaboutone’spractice.
(Phillips,Bain,McNaught,Rice,&Tripp;1999)
Reflection
Describetwowaysyouhaveusedtoreflectonyourworkpractice?
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2.3 What are the benefits of reflective practice? Reflectivepracticeisausefultoolforbuildingindividualculturalcompetenceandpersoncentredpracticeby:
´ Challengingandquestioningourvalues,beliefs,culturalunderstandingsandbehavioursandhowtheseinfluenceourworkpractice
´ Scrutinisingourassumptionsandstereotypes
´ Buildingyourknowledgeandexperience
´ Promotingyourlearningbydevelopingyourunderstandingofhowyoucanbetterrespondtodiversity;and
´ Learningfromsuccessesandmistakes.
2.4 Thinking on your feet vs Reflective Practice Allofus,atsomemomentinourdayorweek,willneedtoreactandmakeadecisionveryquickly.Wereflectbrieflyonthesituationandmakeadecisionbasedonthatmomentaryreflection.Thisissometimescalled:“thinkingonourfeet”or“reflectiononthego”.Peoplesaythatduringthesetimestheyareoperatingontheirinstinctsandarerelyingonpreviousexperienceandtheirskillstogetthemthroughthesituation.Theseareveryvaluableskillstohave.Theyenableustoactquickly.Duringthesemomentswearethinkingabouthowbesttodowhatwehavealwaysdone.Thereisnoelementofinquiryandwearenotdeliberatelysettingouttolearnsomethingfromthisexperience.
ReflectivePracticeisaconsciousattempttoplan,describe,andreflectonaprocessandoutcomesofanaction.Themajoraimistoproduceanimprovementtoworkpractice.Todothisweneedtoconsciouslytaketimeouttoreflect.Itinvolvesaclearcycleofseparatemomentsinwhichyouareengagedincompletelydifferentactivities.Thisisquitedifferentto“thinkingonyourfeet”,andallowsyoutoshareyourthoughtprocesseswithothers,therebynotjustbenefitingyourownlearningbutthelearningofyourteamsandorganisationasawhole.
2.5 How do we do Reflective Practice? Therearemanytoolsandresourcesavailabletohelpyoureflectonyourworkpractice:whattheyallhaveincommonisaprocessthatenablesyoutolookbackorobservewhathappened,reflectandlearn,andidentifyandapplyadifferentapproachnexttime.
Thissectionwillintroduceyoutotwoofthem:
´ ReflectivePracticeCycle
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´ JohariWindowModel
2.5.1 ReflectivePracticeCycle:Onesimpleapproachusesfourdiscreetstages.Eachstageinvolvesaskingyourselfaseriesofcriticalquestionsinorderto‘unpack’asituationandunderstanditfromarangeofstandpoints,includingyourownandotherpeople’s.Itchallengesyoutothinkaboutyourassumptionsandidentifyanyunderlyingissuesthatmayhaveimpactedonthesituation.Itacknowledgesthatitisokaytomakemistakesaslongaswelearnfromthem.
Thesimplediagrambelowdescribesthefourstagesofreflectivepractice.Theseare:
1. Describe2. Reflection3. Implementation4. Evaluation
Fig1:ReflectivePracticeCycle:
Figure2belowoutlinessomeofthekeyquestionsforeachstageofthereflectivepracticecycletohelpyouunpackandreflectonthesituationorevent.
1.Describe
2.Reflect3.Act
4.Review
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Fig2:ReflectivePracticeKeyQuestions:
Likeeverything,ittakespracticetogetusedtoaskingyourselfthesetypesofquestions,especiallywhenyouhavetothinkaboutyourassumptionsandpreconceptions.Itcanbeeasiertoreflectonourworkpracticewhenwecansitwithothersandthinkcriticallyaboutit.Thereflectivepracticeframeworkdescribedaboveinfigures1and2isagreattoolthatcanbeusedasan
• Consider:• WhatdoIunderstandaboutthecurrentsituakon?
• WhatassumpkonsamImaking?• Whataretheunderlyingissues?
1.Describe(thesituakon)
• Consider• FromwhosepointofviewamIseeingthesituakon?
• HowdoItestmyassumpkons?• DoIneedtoaddressanyoftheunderlyingissues?
• WhatskillsdoIhave?• WhatskillsdoIneedtodevelop?
2.Reflect(onwhathappened)
• Consider• (New)strategiesIwillnowimplement?• Whatimpactwillthishaveonmyworkprackce?• Whatimpactwillthishaveonmyorganisakon?
3.Act(determinehowyouwouldrespondnextkme/inasimilar
situakon)
• Consider• Hastherebeenchange?• HowhaveIsharedthelearning?
4.Review(yourackons)
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individualexerciseorinateamenvironment.Bydevelopingandusingreflectivepracticeyouwillbeabletobringforwardideastohelpimproveandenhanceyouownpracticeandthepracticeofothers.Reflectivepracticecanbeausefultoolforsharingindividuallearningandimprovingoverallteamwork-practice.Inthiscontext,reflectivepracticebecomesapowerfultoolforbuildingindividualandorganisationalculturalcompetence.FormoreinformationaboutculturalcompetenceandpersoncentredpracticeseeWorkbooks2.3and2.4.
´
Video
Havealookatthevideobelow:Whatdidyounotice?Whatdidn’tyounotice?Why?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ahg6qcgoay4
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Buildingourself-awarenessisacriticalskillandthefirststepfordevelopingpersoncentredpracticeacrosscultures.Itcanbedifficulttodevelopself-awarenessonourown.Asthevideoabove“Testyourawareness”demonstrates,wedon’tseeourownblindspotsbutwecanbeamirrorforotherpeople’sblindspotsastheycanbeforours.
TheJohariWindow:
TheJohariWindowisasimpletoolforlookingatanddevelopingself-awarenessandunderstandingbetweenindividualswithinagroup.InitiallydevelopedbyJosephLuftandHarryInghamitisusedinbothbusinessandorganisationalcontexts.
TheJohariWindowcanbeusedtodocumentinformation;includingfeelings,experience,views,attitudes,skills,intentions,motivation,withinoraboutaperson,orinrelationtotheirgroup.
Itisaveryusefultooltohelpyouidentifyyourblindspotsorthoseofyourteam.Itismosteffectivewhenusedbyteamsthathavealreadyestablishedtrustandhaveconfidenceineachother.
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Thisisviewedfromfourperspectives:
1. Whatisknowntoyouaboutyourselfandalsoknownbyothers(openarea)?
2. Whatisunknownbyyouaboutyourselfbutwhichothersknow(blindarea)?
3. Whatyouknowaboutyourselfthatothersdonotknow(hiddenarea)?
4. Whatisunknowntoyouaboutyourselfandisalsounknownbyothers(unknownarea)?
Fig3:JohariWindow
Thismodelcanbeusedinareflectivepracticesessionwithyourteamtoincreaseself-awarenessofindividualsandgroupstomanagingresponsetochange.
Workbook Exercise
WhataresomeofthebenefitsofusingtheJohariModelwithinteams?
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2.6 Using Reflective Practice tools to think critically about a case study or an area of work practice Alejandro’sstorywastoldbyacaseworkertohercolleagues.Thecaseworkerwasstuckandwasaskingforassistance.Thisishowshetoldthestory:
Case Study: What can I do differently to support Alejandro and his family?
Alejandroisa36yearoldmanwithmoderateintellectualdisabilityandbi-polardisorder.Heliveswithhisparentswhoareintheir70sandinpoorhealth,andhisyoungersister.Hisoldersistermovedoutofthefamilyhomeabout10yearsago.
Alejandrosometimeshassleeplessnightsandcanbequitenoisyduringtheseperiodswhichimpactsonfamilymembers.Alejandroregularlyabscondsfromhomeandwandersthesuburbs.Hehasanobsessionwithtravellingontrainsandstaysoutatallhoursofthenight.Alejandrogetsintotroublewhenhedoesn’tpayfortrainticketsorcoffee.Healsohasahistoryofbeingpickedupbypolice.
Alejandroisnotmotivatedtoparticipateinmeaningfulactivitiessuchasadayprogram,supportedemploymentorrespite.Helikestobeself-directed,resentsbeinggivenadvice,andisfrustratedatnotbeingatthesameleveloffunctioningasotherpeople.
Alejandro’sparentswereborninPeruandspeakSpanish.TheeldestdaughterwasalsoborninPeru,butbothAlejandroandhisyoungersisterwereborninAustralia.Alejandro’smotherspeakssomeEnglishandhisfatherhaslittleEnglishwithaverystrongaccentmakinghimdifficulttounderstand.Theparentsseemtohavedifficultyunderstandingthingsanddonotaccessanysupports.
ThereissomeconflictbetweenAlejandro’ssistersandparentsastowhatisinhisbestinterests.Inthepast,theparentshavedependedontheirdaughterstointerpretforthembutthisiscausingconflictasthedaughtersandtheparentshavedifferingunderstandingsofAlejandro’scareneeds.Obligationandpridemakeitdifficultfortheparentstoopenlyexpresstheirinabilitytocopewiththeirson,hardshipofthecaringrole,desireforalternativeaccommodation,reluctancetoacceptassistanceoractivelypursueofferedservices.
Alejandrohadbeenofferedsupportedaccommodationinagrouphomefiveyearsago.HoweverthiswasunsuccessfulasAlejandrokeptreturninghomeandthe
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Case Study: What can I do differently to support Alejandro and his family? parentsdidn’tdiscouragethisbehaviour.Alejandro’smotherisfindingitverydifficulttoacceptthathersonneedstomoveoutofthefamilyhome.Howeversheisfindingitincreasinglydifficulttomeethisneeds.
Workbook Exercise
Imagineyouarethecaseworkerabove.Youhavejustsharedthecasestudywithyourteam.Thefollowingworksheetwillguideyouthroughtheprocess.Don’tworryiftherearesomeyoucan’tanswer,butremembertoconsiderallpointsofviewnotjustthatofthecaseworker.ConsiderthepointofviewofAlejandro,hismother,sisters,etc.
Step1.Describe(thesituation)
Whatarethe(underlying)issuesthatthiscasestudyhighlights?
WhatassumptionsamImaking?
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Step2A.Reflect(onwhathappened)
FromwhosepointofviewamIseeingthesituation?
(Consider:Whatisthepointofviewof…..andhowdoIknow?)
Whatisthepointofviewof: HowdoIknow?
Alejandro
Hismother/father
Hissisters
Thecaseworker
HowdoItestmyassumptions?
DoIneedtoaddressanyoftheunderlyingissues?
HowwillIgoaboutthis?
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Step2B.ReflectingusingtheJohariWindow
Ifyouarehavingdifficultiesidentifyingyourassumptions,theJohariWindowcanbeusedtohelpyouidentifyanyblindspotsandconsiderhowyoumighttakethemintoaccount.Usetheworksheetbelow:
KnowntoSelf NotKnowntoSelf
KnowntoOthers
Open
Blind
NotKnownto
Others
Hidden
Unknown
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Reflection
UsetheobservationsfromSteps2A(reflections)and2B(JohariWindow)torespondtothissection
WhatskillsdoIhave?(Considerskillsyoualreadyhavethatenableyoutoworkinapersoncentredwayacrossculture.Thissectionisaboutacknowledgingtheskillsyoualreadyhaveandbuildingfromthatbase)
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WhatskillsdoIneedtodevelop?
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Step3.Implementation
(Thissectiongetsyoutothinkabouthowyoumightdoitdifferentlynexttime.AswellasconsideringhowyoumightworkwithAlejandroandhisfamilynexttime,alsoconsiderhowyoumightdevelopotherskillsorknowledgetoenableyoutocontinuetoworkculturallyresponsivelyandrespectfully)
What(new)strategiesIwillnowimplement?
Whatimpactwillthishaveonmyworkpractice?
Howwillmyworkpracticechangeasaresultofthisreflectiveexercise?
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Whatimpactwillthishaveonmyorganisation?
Willitimpactonpolicy,procedure,orpractice?
Whatlearningcanbeappliedtothewholeorganisation?
Step4.Evaluation
(YouwouldonlycompletethissectionafteryouhavegoneawayandappliedsomeofthestrategiesidentifiedinStep3above)
Hastherebeenchange?
HowhaveIsharedthelearningwithothers?
HowhaveIsharedthelearningwithmyorganisation?
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3. Conclusion
Thisworkbookgivesyouthetoolsforworkingcollaborativelywithyourteamtodevelopyourculturallyresponsivepersoncentredpractice.Itexplainshowyoucanusereflectivepracticeandcriticalthinkingtobetterunderstandhowyourworldviewimpactsonandinfluencesyourbehaviourandhelpyouseetheworldfromthepointofviewofthepeopleyousupportandyourco-workers.BuildingovertimeyourskillsandtheskillsofyourteamforworkingculturallyresponsivelyandrespectfullywithpeoplefromCALDbackgroundswithdisability.
Reflection
Whataresomeofthetakeawaymessagesfromthisworkbook?Aretherethingsyoudisagreewith?Wastheresomethingthatsurprisedyou?
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